Complete mitochondrial genome of Anser albifrons frontails (Anseriformes: Anatidae) by Rong Fu, Yuanqiu Dong, Jun Xuan, Gang Liu, Xingjia Xiang, Lizhi Zhou

“…All PCGs start with ATG and the termination codon TAA is commonly observed. The CR is located between tRNAGlu and tRNAPhe. …”
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Highly expressed proteins have an increased frequency of alanine in the second amino acid position by Remm Maido, Tats Age, Tenson Tanel

“…In addition to the detailed analysis of the nucleotide and codon frequencies we compared the N-termini of highly expressed proteins to the N-termini of all proteins coded in the genome.…”
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Molecular Pathology of Human Prion Diseases

“…Mutations of the prion protein gene are associated with genetic forms. The codon 129 polymorphism in combination with the Western blot pattern of PrP after proteinase K digestion serves as a basis for molecular subtyping of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. …”
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The complete mitochdrial genome of Issoria eugenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) by Chang Xu, Zhong-Qi Pan, Lan Nie, Jia-Sheng Hao

“…All protein-coding genes (PCGs) started with ATN, except for COI gene with CGA, nine PCGs harbour the typical stop codon TAA, whereas four PCGs terminate with TA or T. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Loxocephala perpunctata (Hemiptera: Eurybrachidae) by Shi-Yan Xu, Xiang-Sheng Chen

“…All protein-coding genes have the usual ATN start codons, except for ND5, which uses the noncanonical codon GTG. 22 tRNAs, the length ranging from 59 to 69 bp, having the clover-leaf structure except for the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of trnS2 forming a simple loop.…”
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The mitochondrial genome of Nothybus sumatranus (Diptera: Nothybidae) by Jiale Zhou, Meilin Li, Ding Yang

“…Genome organization, nucleotide composition and codon usage of the mitogenome are noted, and secondary structures of all tRNAs are predicted. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Helophilus virgatus (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae) with a phylogenetic analysis of Syrphidae by Hu Li, Juan Li

“…ATN was used as start codon in most of PCGs except for ND1 and COX1, which used TTG. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the giant casemaker caddisfly Phryganea cinerea (Insecta: Trichoptera: Phryganeidae) by Living Prairie Mitogenomics Consortium

“…Phryganea cinerea COX1 features an atypical CGA start codon and COX1, NAD1, NAD4, and NAD5 exhibit incomplete stop codons completed by the addition of 3′ A residues to the mRNA. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Myrmecophaga tridactyla from Brazilian Savanna by Ana Luiza Lemos Queiroz, Anderson Oliveira do Carmo, Yan Kalapothakis, Ana Paula Vimieiro Martins, Evanguedes Kalapothakis

“…Ten of the 13 PCGs contained an ATG start codon.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Bothrogonia qiongana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with phylogenetic analyses by Xiao-Li Xu, Bin Yan, Xiao-Fei Yu, Mao-Fa Yang

“…All PCGs used TAA or TAG as stop codon except COX2 which is using incomplete single T––. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Madagascar mother-of-pearl butterfly Salamis anteva (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) by Melanie M. L. Lalonde, Jeffrey M. Marcus

“…The mitogenome includes a COX1 gene with an atypical CGA start codon and four genes exhibiting incomplete stop codons. …”
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Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay, a Finely Regulated Mechanism by Fabrice Lejeune

“…Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is both a mechanism for rapidly eliminating mRNAs carrying a premature termination codon and a pathway that regulates many genes. This implies that NMD must be subject to regulation in order to allow, under certain physiological conditions, the expression of genes that are normally repressed by NMD. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Sogatella kolophon (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) by Fang Yu, Zhi-Shun Song

“…All PCGs started with ATN, except for atp6 and nad5, which used noncanonical codon GTG, respectively. All tRNAs could fold into typical clover-leaf secondary structures, with the exception of two trnS genes, lacking the dihydrouridine (DHU) stem.…”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Asian river pipefish Doryichthys boaja (Actinopterygii; Syngnathiformes; Syngnathidae) obtained using next-generation sequencing by Alireza Asem, Pei-Zheng Wang, Weidong Li

“…All PCGs were initiated by ATG start codon expecting COX1 by GTG. A phylogenetic tree showed that Doryichthys boaja clustered with Microphis brachyurus.…”
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The mitochondrial genome of Cofana yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) by Li-Kun Zhong, Mao-Fa Yang, Xiao-Fei Yu

“…All PCGs used TAN as stop codon, except ND5 stopping with single T. The phylogenetic relationship of C. yasumatsui clustered together with Cicadella viridis, Homalodisca coagulata, Homalodisca vitripennis, and Bothrogonia ferruginea from Cicadellinae. …”
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The Origin of Translation: Bridging the Nucleotides and Peptides by Xuyuan Guo, Meng Su

“…Nucleotides are translated into amino acids via transfer RNA in the central dogma. tRNA is essential in translation as it connects the codon and the cognate amino acid. To reveal how the translation emerged in the prebiotic context, we start with the structure and dissection of tRNA, followed by the theory and hypothesis of tRNA and amino acid recognition. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Eilema ussiricum (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) by Xiao-Bin Zhang, Yu-Peng Wu

“…Except for cox1 started with CGA, all other PCGs started with the standard ATN codons. All of the PCGs terminated with the stop codon TAA. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of cocktail wrasse Pteragogus flagellifer by Dae-Ju Oh, Weon-Jong Yoon, Soo-Yeong Park, Yong-Hwan Jung

“…All its mt protein-coding genes begin with an ATG start codon except for CO1, which begins with GTG. The order of the mt genes is largely identical to that of typical vertebrates, although the position of the TMF-regulated nuclear protein (trnP) is unique among known Labridae gene arrangements. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Cosmoscarta dorsimacula by Chengjin Yan, Zhenhua Zu

“…The gene organization, nucleotide composition, and codon usage are similar to other Cercopoidea mitogenomes. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Ruspolia yunnana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) by Jing Liu, Xiangyi Lu, Xun Bian

“…Most protein-coding genes started with the codon ATN and ended with stop codons TAA. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomes suggested that Ruspolia yunnana and Ruspolia dubia have the closest genetic relationship. …”
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