Intractable hiccups, nausea, and vomiting, an unnerving cause of vision loss by Shanmugam Mahesh Kumar, Vaishali Venkatraman, Akkayasamy Kowsalya, Jayasri Narayanamoorthy, Marappan Jayasudha

“…Acute optic neuritis (ON) is caused by variety of complex disorders that can be differentiated with the help of history, radiology, and serology. …”
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Association mapping in structured populations. by Pritchard, J, Stephens, M, Rosenberg, N, Donnelly, P

“…The use, in association studies, of the forthcoming dense genomewide collection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been heralded as a potential breakthrough in the study of the genetic basis of common complex disorders. A serious problem with association mapping is that population structure can lead to spurious associations between a candidate marker and a phenotype. …”

Empirical assessment of the validity of the 'fundamental theorem of the HapMap' in the light of 'cryptic' tagging of multiple susceptibility loci. by Bochdanovits, Z, Heutink, P, van der Vaart, A

“…A biologically plausible mechanism that might cause this deviation is 'cryptic' tagging of multiple susceptibility loci by the same neutral marker. For complex disorders, the existence of multiple susceptibility loci on the same chromosome is probably the rule rather than the exception. …”

The genetic and epigenetic basis of type 2 diabetes and obesity by Drong, A, Lindgren, C, McCarthy, M

“…Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are complex disorders that constitute major public health problems. …”

The contribution of HLA genes to IBD susceptibility and phenotype. by Yap, L, Ahmad, T, Jewell, D

“…Although more recent studies have improved study design, investigators are still challenged by the complex patterns of linkage disequilibrium across this gene-dense region, and by the disease heterogeneity characteristic of all genetically complex disorders. However, a number of important observations have emerged from recent studies: (1) the HLA harbours gene(s) that determine susceptibility to colonic inflammation in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD); (2) most of the specific associations with UC and CD appear to differ; (3) associations between different ethnic groups differ; (4) markers in the HLA might predict the course of disease and the development of complications, notably the extraintestinal manifestations of disease.…”

CytoGTA: A cytoscape plugin for identifying discriminative subnetwork markers using a game theoretic approach. by S Farahmand, M H Foroughmand-Araabi, S Goliaei, Z Razaghi-Moghadam

“…In recent years, analyzing genome-wide expression profiles to find genetic markers has received much attention as a challenging field of research aiming at unveiling biological mechanisms behind complex disorders. The identification of reliable and reproducible markers has lately been achieved by integrating genome-scale functional relationships and transcriptome datasets, and a number of algorithms have been developed to support this strategy. …”
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Modeling neuropsychiatric disorders using human induced pluripotent stem cells by Meiyan Wang, Lei Zhang, Fred H. Gage

“…ABSTRACT Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex disorders characterized by heterogeneous genetic variations, variable symptoms, and widespread changes in anatomical pathology. …”
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Gene-Based Therapeutics for Parkinson’s Disease by Karim E. Shalaby, Omar M. A. El-Agnaf

“…Gene therapy is a modern medical practice that theoretically and, so far, practically, has demonstrated its capability in joining the battle against PD and other complex disorders on most if not all fronts. This review discusses how gene therapy can efficiently replace current forms of therapy such as drugs, personalized medicine or invasive surgery. …”
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Diagnosis of cardiomyopathies: tips and tricks for internists and general practitioners by Giuseppe Palmiero, Guido Carlomagno, Giacomo Lucivero

“…Probably, this happens because cardiomyopathies are perceived as rare and complex disorders, a prerogative of a few dedicated centers. …”
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Testing the FMR1 promoter for mosaicism in DNA methylation among CpG sites, strands, and cells in FMR1-expressing males with fragile X syndrome. by Reinhard Stöger, Diane P Genereux, Randi J Hagerman, Paul J Hagerman, Flora Tassone, Charles D Laird

“…Variability among individuals in the severity of fragile X syndrome (FXS) is influenced by epigenetic methylation mosaicism, which may also be common in other complex disorders. The epigenetic signal of dense promoter DNA methylation is usually associated with gene silencing, as was initially reported for FMR1 alleles in individuals with FXS. …”
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Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Diseases – Cell Types, Mechanisms and Improvement Strategies by Paula Müller, Heiko Lemcke, Robert David

“…Moreover, since cardiovascular diseases are complex disorders including several disease patterns and pathologic mechanisms it may be difficult to provide a uniform therapeutic intervention for all subgroups of patients. …”
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Two novel truncating variants in UBAP1 are responsible for hereditary spastic paraplegia. by Xinchao Bian, Guangying Cheng, Xinbo Sun, Hongkun Liu, Xiangmao Zhang, Yu Han, Bo Li, Ning Li

“…Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders. HSPs are complex disorders and are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. …”
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A sibling-pair based approach for mapping genetic loci that influence quantitative measures of reading disability. by Francks, C, Fisher, S, Marlow, A, Richardson, A, Stein, J, Monaco, A

“…Recent advances in high-throughput genotyping technology and quantitative statistical methods have made a new approach to identifying genes involved in complex disorders possible. The method involves assessing the genetic similarity of many sibling pairs along the lengths of all their chromosomes and attempting to correlate this similarity with that of their phenotypic scores. …”

ENA/VASP downregulation triggers cell death by impairing axonal maintenance in hippocampal neurons. by Franco, D, Rezával, C, Cáceres, A, Schinder, A, Ceriani, M

“…Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these complex disorders remain largely unknown. In a previous work we searched for novel Drosophila genes relevant for neurodegeneration and singled out enabled (ena), which encodes a protein involved in cytoskeleton remodeling. …”

Use of multivariate linkage analysis for dissection of a complex cognitive trait. by Marlow, A, Fisher, S, Francks, C, MacPhie, I, Cherny, S, Richardson, A, Talcott, J, Stein, J, Monaco, A, Cardon, L

“…These outcomes highlight the relevance of multivariate analysis for complex disorders for dissection of linkage results in correlated traits. …”

Can neuroimaging studies identify pain endophenotypes in humans? by Tracey, I

“…This endophenotypic approach-the focus of this Review-simplifies the connection between genes and behavior and is needed for complex disorders like chronic pain.…”

Genetic relationship among the three negrito (seman g) tribes of peninsular malaysia: microsa tellite analysis by Mohd Redhuan, Mohd Noor

“…The struggle to determine susceptibility genes for complex disorders has stimulated geneticists to develop new approaches. …”
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STRP Screening Sets for the human genome at 5 cM density by Marth Gabor, Zhao Chengfeng, Vaske David, Yu Adong, Ghebranious Nader, Weber James L

“…However mapping studies involving genetically complex disorders and especially association (linkage disequilibrium) often require higher STRP density.…”
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New pharmacological strategies for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis by Athena Gogali, Athol U. Wells

“…More effective treatments are urgently required and a number of novel candidate therapies have been put forward, based on animal and in vitro work. As in other complex disorders, it is likely that combinations of agents, rather than single treatments, will be needed. …”
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Work ability in patients with musculoskeletal disorders in primary care. A cohort study by Gro Askland Øyehaug, Hilde Stendal Robinson, Lena Leren, Nina Køpke Vøllestad

“…Conclusion: It seems difficult to improve work ability for patients with long-term and complex disorders in physiotherapy treatment. Physiotherapists should pay particular attention to psychological factors that inhibit improvement in work ability.…”
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