Sample Size Calculation in Genetic Association Studies: A Practical Approach by Cristina Politi, Stefanos Roumeliotis, Giovanni Tripepi, Belinda Spoto

“…Genetic association studies, testing the relationship between genetic variants and disease status, are useful tools for identifying genes that grant susceptibility to complex disorders. In such studies, an inadequate sample size may provide unreliable results: a small sample is unable to accurately describe the population, whereas a large sample makes the study expensive and complex to run. …”
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Finding the Sources of Missing Heritability within Rare Variants Through Simulation by Baishali Bandyopadhyay, Veda Chanda, Yupeng Wang

“…Thousands of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted to identify the genetic variants associated with complex disorders. However, only a small proportion of phenotypic variances can be explained by the reported variants. …”
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Mini Review: circular RNAs as potential clinical biomarkers for disorders in the central nervous system by Dan eLu, An-Ding eXu

“…These ncRNA species can be used as potential clinical biomarkers in complex disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), which is supported by recent findings. …”
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Polygenic risk scores: from research tools to clinical instruments by Cathryn M. Lewis, Evangelos Vassos

“…Abstract Genome-wide association studies have shown unequivocally that common complex disorders have a polygenic genetic architecture and have enabled researchers to identify genetic variants associated with diseases. …”
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BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND VASCULAR WALL CHARACTERISTICS IN WOMEN AFTER OVARIECTOMY AND PROLONGED HORMONE THERAPY by T V Mitrokhina, S V Yureneva, E Yu Maychuk, S Yu Kuznetsov, I V Voevodina, S V Moiseenko

“…The sharp decline in estrogen levels after bilateral ovariectomy plays the role of trigger factor in the development of complex disorders of the bone and the cardiovascular system. …”
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Gene-exercise interactions in the development of cardiometabolic diseases by Kumpei Tanisawa, Masashi Tanaka, Mitsuru Higuchi

“…Cardiometabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and coronary heart disease are complex disorders influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. …”
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Association of Metabolites with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Based on FTO Genotype. by Yeon-Jung Kim, Heun-Sik Lee, Yun Kyoung Kim, Suyeon Park, Jeong-Min Kim, Jun Ho Yun, Ho-Yeong Yu, Bong-Jo Kim

“…In conclusion, using metabolomics with the information from genome-wide association studies revealed significantly altered metabolites depending on the FTO genotype in complex disorders. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms linking obesity and T2D.…”
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Correlation of body composition parameters and anthropometric somatotypes with Prakriti body types among the Meitei adults of Manipur, India by Henry Konjengbam, Yumnam Leona Devi, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba Meitei

“…Conclusions Prakriti assessment can explain an individual’s fatness as it correlates with body composition parameters and could be used to predict risk susceptibility to various complex disorders.…”
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The Role of Genetics in the Development and Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Its Impact on Drug Discovery by Agata Zięba, Dariusz Matosiuk, Agnieszka A. Kaczor

“…Complex disorders, such as depression, remain a mystery for scientists. …”
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The History of Gene Hunting in Hereditary Spinocerebellar Degeneration: Lessons From the Past and Future Perspectives by Ashraf Yahia, Ashraf Yahia, Ashraf Yahia, Ashraf Yahia, Giovanni Stevanin, Giovanni Stevanin

“…This new knowledge provides insight into the biological processes involved in health and disease, including the more common complex disorders. This review discusses the evolution of the clinical and genetic approaches used to diagnose hereditary SCD and the potential of new tools for future discoveries.…”
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Addressing Sexual Problems in German Primary Care: A Qualitative Study by Ronja Zannoni, Elisa Dobberkau, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Aglaja Valentina Stirn

“…Medication was offered as the main treatment for sexual problems. For complex disorders, most GPs lack sexual medicine knowledge, and they requested a better range of training courses in sexual medicine.…”
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Epigenetics and ncRNAs in brain function and disease: mechanisms and prospects for therapy. by Varela, M, Roberts, T, Wood, M

“…Alterations in this regulatory machinery play a key role in the pathology of complex disorders including cancer and neurological diseases. …”

Analysis of sequence variation underlying tissue-specific transcription factor binding and gene expression. by Lower, K, De Gobbi, M, Hughes, J, Derry, C, Ayyub, H, Sloane-Stanley, J, Vernimmen, D, Garrick, D, Gibbons, R, Higgs, D

“…Although mutations causing monogenic disorders most frequently lie within the affected gene, sequence variation in complex disorders is more commonly found in noncoding regions. …”

Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease. by Ueda, H, Howson, J, Esposito, L, Heward, J, Snook, H, Chamberlain, G, Rainbow, D, Hunter, K, Smith, A, Di Genova, G, Herr, M, Dahlman, I, Payne, F, Smyth, D, Lowe, C, Twells, R, Howlett, S, Healy, B, Nutland, S, Rance, H, Everett, V, Smink, L, Lam, A, Cordell, H, Walker, N

“…Genetic mapping of variants conferring a small disease risk can identify pathways in complex disorders, as exemplified by our discovery of inherited, quantitative alterations of CTLA4 contributing to autoimmune tissue destruction.…”

Role of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) by Toumi Ryma, Arezki Samer, Imene Soufli, Hayet Rafa, Chafia Touil-Boukoffa

“…Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to describe a group of complex disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBDs include two main forms: Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), which share similar clinical symptoms but differ in the anatomical distribution of the inflammatory lesions. …”
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The Role of Neutrophils in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: The Pathogenic Role and Diagnostic Utility of Autoantibodies by Agata Walulik, Kinga Łysak, Michał Błaszkiewicz, Ignacy Górecki, Krzysztof Gomułka

“…Understanding the central role of ANCAs in AAV is crucial for advancing our knowledge of these complex disorders and developing targeted therapeutic strategies in the era of personalized medicine.…”
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Transgenic nonhuman primates for neurodegenerative diseases by Chan Anthony WS

“…Neurodegenerative diseases are complex disorders involving neuropathologic and psychiatric alterations. …”
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Inferring geographic coordinates of origin for Europeans using small panels of ancestry informative markers. by Petros Drineas, Jamey Lewis, Peristera Paschou

“…This substructure can hamper the search of susceptibility genes for common complex disorders leading to spurious correlations. The identification of genetic markers that can correct for population stratification becomes therefore of paramount importance. …”
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Interpretation of genomic variants using a unified biological network approach. by Ekta Khurana, Yao Fu, Jieming Chen, Mark Gerstein

“…Application of the classifier to the whole genome shows its strong potential for interpretation of variants involved in mendelian diseases and in complex disorders probed by genome-wide association studies.…”
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Cross tissue trait-pathway network reveals the importance of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in obesity-induced diabetes in mouse. by Shouguo Gao, Herbert Keith Roberts, Xujing Wang

“…Complex disorders often involve dysfunctions in multiple tissue organs. …”
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