Detailed mechanistic studies on palladium catalyzed selective C-H olefination with aliphatic alkenes: a significant influence of proton shuttling by Deb, A, Hazra, A, Peng, Q, Paton, R, Maiti, D

“…Reaction rate and order determination, control experiments, isotopic labeling studies and Hammett analysis have been used to understand the reaction mechanism. …”

THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM SUPPLY ON THE AMMONIUM CONTENT OF MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) LEAVES INCLUDING A COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS MADE IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO by Gerendas, J, Ratcliffe, R, Sattelmacher, B

“…The conventional continuous flow analysis procedure was modified by the inclusion of a gas dialysis step across a PTFE membrane and control experiments showed that this provided an effective method for avoiding the overestimation of the ammonium content of leaf tissue extracts, by eliminating interference from amino acids and amides. …”

Effects of different pretreatment methods on anaerobic mixed microflora for hydrogen production and COD reduction from palm oil mill effluent by Mohammadi, P., Ibrahim, Shaliza, Annuar, M.S.M., Law, S.

“…The experimental results showed that the pretreatment methods (chemical, acid, heat-shock, freezing and thawing, and base) at 35 °C and initial pH 5.5 had a positive influence on H 2 production yield and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency during the fermentative H 2 production as compared to the control experiments (without pretreatment). Heat-shock pretreatment method was shown to be a simple and useful method for enhancing both H 2 producing and COD removal processes from POME with highest H 2 yield and COD removal efficiency at 0.41 mmol H 2/g COD and 86, respectively. …”
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The impact of introducing liquid-type carbon towards the growth performance and lipid accumulation of microalgae. by Tan, Whitney Wee Nee, Lam, Man Kee, Dasan, Yaleeni Kanna, Lim, Jun Wei, Ho, Yeek Chia, Cheng, Yoke Wang, Chong, Chi Cheng, Show, Pau Loke, Tan, Inn Shi, Kiew, Peck Loo

“…Under these conditions, the highest lipid content of the microalgae was 38.10 wt%, which was generally higher than the control experiment (28.40 wt%).…”

Unsupervised learning of perceptual feature combinations. by Minija Tamosiunaite, Christian Tetzlaff, Florentin Wörgötter

“…This is achieved by a novel correlation-based (Hebbian) learning rule, which allows for linear weight growth and which is combined with a mechanism for gradually reducing the learning rate as soon as the neuron's response becomes feature combination specific. In a set of control experiments, we show that other existing advanced learning rules cannot satisfactorily form ordered multi-feature representations. …”
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An approach for finding causal relations in environmental systems: with an application to understand drivers of a toxic algal bloom by Benny Selle

“…Abstract Background Discovering causality in environmental systems is challenging because frequently controlled experiments or numerical simulations are difficult. …”
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Fiction as a Means to Understanding the Dynamics of Empathy by Anna W. E. Fåhraeus

“…Based on earlier studies on reading fiction as an engagement in a social simulation, it was predicted that because fiction is a controlled experience, reading and talking about fiction could provide a forum in which to examine actual experiences of empathy elicitation in relation to an evolving situation. …”
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Fuzzy PID control theory in multi-objective optimal longitudinal following of intelligent trolley by Sun Yanping

“…Based on the actual control experience, the fuzzy control table is designed, and the adaptive control algorithm is obtained. …”
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Genome-wide analysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) mucin genes and their role as biomarkers. by Lene Rydal Sveen, Fabian Thomas Grammes, Elisabeth Ytteborg, Harald Takle, Sven Martin Jørgensen

“…In order to investigate transcriptional regulation of mucins during stress conditions, two controlled experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, handling stress induced mucin transcription in the gill, while transcription decreased in the skin and intestine. …”
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Grinding and Abrading Activities in the Earlier Neolithic of Northern Greece by Anna Stroulia, Jérôme Robitaille, Birgül Ögüt, Areti Chondroyianni-Metoki, Dimitra Kotsachristou

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Social Exclusion and Female Mating Behavior: Rejected Women Show Strategic Enhancement of Short-Term Mating Interest by Donald F. Sacco, Steven G. Young, Christina M. Brown, Michael J. Bernstein, Kurt Hugenberg

“…In Study 2, women wrote about a social inclusion, social exclusion, or control experience and then indicated their preference for different male body types. …”
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Molecular Mechanisms of RADA16-1 Peptide on Fast Stop Bleeding in Rat Models by Fei Lv, Xiaojun Zhao, Songtao Wang, Xiaozhong Zhong, Ting Wang

“…Atomic force microscopy (AFM), circular dichroism (CD), and rheometry were also used to evaluate the re-assembly kinetics of this peptide. A bleeding control experiment was performed in animal models to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying this fast hemostasis. …”
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Halofantrine Hydrochloride (Halfan) Induced Toxicity of the Pancreas in Wistar Rats by BC Didia, EB Dede, AO Obianime

“…This toxicity effect was found to be dose dependent and significantly different from the normal integrity of the cells observed in the control experiment: The result underscored a possible toxic effect halofantrine when administered into man. …”
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Bumblebee size polymorphism and worker response to queen pheromone by Luke Holman

“…Using blind, controlled experiments, I found that n-pentacosane (C25) does indeed negatively affect worker ovary development. …”
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Number-based visual generalisation in the honeybee. by Hans J Gross, Mario Pahl, Aung Si, Hong Zhu, Jürgen Tautz, Shaowu Zhang

“…However, bees trained on the two versus three task could not distinguish between higher numbers, such as four versus five, four versus six, or five versus six. Control experiments confirmed that the bees were not using cues such as the colour of the exact configuration of the visual elements, the combined area or edge length of the elements, or illusory contours formed by the elements. …”
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Formulation and Evaluation of Synthetic Drilling Mud for Low Temperature Regions by Fadairo Adesina, Olutola Patrick, Ogunkunle Temitope, Oladepo Adebowale

“…The synthetic oil based was obtained from offshore drilling company and was used as control experiment. The following tests were run on these muds including; viscosity pH, gel strength, density and filtration tests at varied temperature and constant pressure and toxicity test to determine their usability in the defined conditions. …”
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The Effects of Meditation and Visualization on the Direct Mental Influence of Random Event Generators by Tayzia Collesso, Maria Forrester, Imants Baruss

“…This study is comprised of a control experiment and a second experiment with the administration of meditation and visualization exercises. …”
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Investigating Issues Of Display Content Vs. Clutter During Air-To-Ground Targeting Missions by Lohrenz, Maura C., Hansman, R. John

“…Based on interviews with F/A-18 pilots, a cognitive process model is presented to help understand how pilots use and transition between internal and external sources of information to support decision-making and aircraft control. Experiments were conducted in which subjects flew targeting missions using a flight simulator connected to the Navy’s FalconView moving-map. …”
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Effect of acetate infusion on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. by Akanji, A, Bruce, M, Frayn, K

“…Sodium acetate was infused intravenously at 2.5 mmoles/min for 60 min into 6 normal subjects and 6 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. In control experiments the same subjects received equimolar sodium bicarbonate infusions. …”

Analytic versus computational cognitive models: Agent-based modeling as a tool in cognitive sciences by Madsen, JK, Bailey, R, Carrella, E, Koralus, P

“…Agent-based models allow for controlled experiments of complex systems and can explore how changes in low-level parameters impact the behavior at a whole-system level. …”