Causal manipulation of functional connectivity in a specific neural pathway during behaviour and at rest by Johnen, V, Neubert, F, Buch, E, Verhagen, L, O’Reilly, J, Mars, R, Rushworth, M

“…Moreover, we show that strengthening connectivity between these nodes has effects on a wider network of areas, such as decreasing coupling in a parallel motor programming stream. A control experiment revealed that identical TMS pulses at identical frequencies caused no change in fMRI-measured functional connectivity when the inter-pulse-interval was too long for Hebbian-like plasticity.…”

When seeing doesn't matter: assessing the after-effects of tactile distractor processing in the blind and the sighted. by Frings, C, Amendt, A, Spence, C

“…Although the blind participants handled the tactile stimuli with ease, we found no evidence that the size of the tactile NP effect diminished. In two control experiments with sighted participants, we varied the processing difficulty in the visual and tactile modality and found that both modality and processing difficulty had an effect on the size of NP. …”

The macroscopic delamination of thin films from elastic substrates. by Vella, D, Bico, J, Boudaoud, A, Roman, B, Reis, P

“…Here, we perform well-controlled experiments at macroscopic scales to study what sets the dimensions of these blisters in terms of the material properties and explain our results by using a combination of scaling and analytical methods. …”

Human θ burst stimulation enhances subsequent motor learning and increases performance variability. by Teo, J, Swayne, O, Cheeran, B, Greenwood, R, Rothwell, J

“…Behavioral analysis and modeling suggested that iTBS increased performance variability, which correlated with learning outcome. A control experiment confirmed the increase in motor output variability by showing that iTBS increased the dispersion of involuntary transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked thumb movements. …”

Chemical and biochemical sensing with modified single walled carbon nanotubes. by Davis, J, Coleman, K, Azamian, B, Bagshaw, C, Green, M

“…Though coupling can be controlled, to a degree, through variation of tube oxidative pre-activation chemistry, careful control experiments and observations made by atomic force microscopy suggest that immobilization is strong, physical and does not require covalent bonding. …”

Causal manipulation of functional connectivity in a specific neural pathway during behaviour and at rest by Johnen, V, Neubert, F, Verhagen, L, O'Reilly, J, Mars, R, Rushworth, M, Buch, E

“…Moreover, we show that strengthening connectivity between these nodes has effects on a wider network of areas, such as decreasing coupling in a parallel motor programming stream. A control experiment revealed that identical TMS pulses at identical frequencies caused no change in fMRI-measured functional connectivity when the inter-pulse-interval was too long for Hebbian-like plasticity.…”

Studying complexity in health services research: desperately seeking an overdue paradigm shift by Greenhalgh, T, Papoutsi, C

“…Although the significance of the complex system as an analytic lens is increasingly recognised, many researchers are still using methods that assume a closed system in which predictive studies in general, and controlled experiments in particular, are possible and preferred. …”

The role for simulations in theory construction for the social sciences: case studies concerning divergent modes of religiosity by Whitehouse, H, Kahn, K, Hochberg, M, Bryson, J

“…Many of these predictions have already been tested against contemporary and longitudinal evidence, using the methods of both qualitative case study and large-scale survey, and some of the mechanisms responsible for the patterns observed have been investigated by means of controlled experiments. Nevertheless, in simulating the patterns of religious transmission and transformation predicted by the modes theory we discovered numerous aspects that were underspecified, generating new hypotheses for investigation in future empirical research. …”

Social learning in models and minds by Yon, D, Heyes, C

“…Inferences from cognitive complexity to social specificity, made by those who favour rich interpretations (‘mentalists’), call for non-social control experiments. A parsimonious model that fits current data is a good start, but carefully designed experiments are needed to distinguish models that tell us how social learning could be done from those that tell us how it is really done.…”

Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters Mediated by Highly Active Bifunctional Iminophosphorane Catalysts by Goldys, A, Dixon, D

“…The formation of block copolymers by sequential monomer addition and the use of macroinitiators such as monomethoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) were also demonstrated using the catalyst system. Control experiments using nonbifunctional N-alkyl iminophosphorane 5 demonstrated the roles of both components of the bifunctional catalyst in the ROP reaction. …”

Seeing and hearing speech excites the motor system involved in speech production. by Watkins, K, Strafella, A, Paus, T

“…This effect was only seen in response to stimulation of the left hemisphere; stimulation of the right hemisphere produced no changes in motor-evoked potentials in any of the conditions. In a control experiment, the size of the motor-evoked potentials elicited in the muscles of the right hand did not differ among conditions, suggesting that speech-related changes in excitability are specific to the lip muscles. …”

Animal studies in endometriosis: a review. by Story, L, Kennedy, S

“…The natural history is unknown, and well-controlled experiments are difficult to perform because of the need for repeated surgical procedures to assess endometriotic lesions over time. …”

Effect of solvent/additives ratio on cellulose acetate dialysis membrane formation and urea clearance by Idris, Ani, Lee, Kuan Yet

“…Higher acetic acid/PEG ratio induced the formation of finger like structure macrovoids whilst dense spongy structures were found with lower acetic acid/PEG ratios. However, control experiment showed that the presence of PEG in the dope formulations is essential in order to increase the dialysis membrane performance.…”
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A Novel Framework for Stratified-Coupled BLS Tree Trunk Detection and DBH Estimation in Forests (BSTDF) Using Deep Learning and Optimization Adaptive Algorithm by Huacong Zhang, Huaiqing Zhang, Keqin Xu, Yueqiao Li, Linlong Wang, Ren Liu, Hanqing Qiu, Longhua Yu

“…To compare the accuracy of BSTDF, synchronous control experiments were conducted using the RandLA-Net model and the RANSAC algorithm. …”
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Efficacy of interferon inducers against Chikungunya virus <i>in vitro</i> by E. V. Otrashevskaja, K. V. Kaa, T. G. Samartseva, A. S. Oksanich, G. M. Ignatyev

“…The CHIKV RNA content after interferon inducer administration as emergency prevention was significantly lower than that in the control experiment (р&lt;0.05 for Vero cells; р&lt;0.003 for А549 cells). …”
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Effects of Environmental Factors and Metallic Electrodes on AC Electrical Conduction Through DNA Molecule by S. Abdalla, A. Obaid, F. M. Al-Marzouki

“…Methods At 1 MHz, we carried out a first control experiment on electrical conductivity with and without the presence of DNA molecule. …”
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Noncontact gravity compensator with magnetic fluid seals by Noriyuki HASEGAWA, Hayato YOSHIOKA, Hidenori SHINNO

“…Tracking performance and the response of the pressure were evaluated by the continuous path control experiment. According to these experimental results, the effectiveness of the gravity compensator with magnetic fluid seal was confirmed.…”
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Naphthalenes and Quinolines by Domino Reactions of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates by Joel K. Annor-Gyamfi, Ebenezer Ametsetor, Kevin Meraz, Richard A. Bunce

“…The substrates incorporate allylic acetates positioned adjacent to a Michael acceptor as well as an aromatic ring activated toward a S_NAr ring closure. A control experiment indicated that the initial reaction was an S_N2’-type displacement of a side chain acetoxy by the AMC anion to afford the alkene product bearing the added nucleophile <i>trans</i> to the S_NAr aromatic ring acceptor. …”
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Study on the non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose quantitative detection method in Na2S2O3 neutral solution environment by Jingyu Zhang, Yaping Xie, Wenhui Han, Guohua Hui, Yue Zheng, Qiansheng Ye, Yuxuan Xu, Qi Lv, Chengxiang Yong, Yongzhi Lai, Xinao Shen, Peng Wu

“…Results showed that Na2S2O3 solution was a good base solution. The i-t control experiments showed that the proposed method were effective in Na2S2O3 solution.…”
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Research on Cooperative Control of Multiple Intelligent Networked Vehicles Based on the Improved Leader–Follower Method by Jingyue Wang, Yanchang Lv, Xiaomeng Shan, Haotian Wang, Junnian Wang

“…Through the CarSim–Simulink multi-vehicle dynamics co-simulation platform established in this paper, the group cooperative control experiments of multiple intelligent networked vehicles under different working conditions were carried out for simulation verification. …”
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