Feasibility of Cell-Free DNA Measurement from the Earlobe during Physiological Exercise Testing by Nils Haller, Aleksandar Tomaskovic, Thomas Stöggl, Perikles Simon, Elmo Neuberger

“…In addition, the control experiments revealed that repeated sampling from the earlobe but not from the fingertips increased cfDNA at rest. …”
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Assessment of Typhoon Precipitation Forecasts Based on Topographic Factors by Xu-Zhe Chen, Yu-Long Ma, Chun-Qiao Lin, Ling-Li Fan

“…The results indicate that, compared to the control experiments, the sensitivity experiments consistently simulated the trends in the three-hour cumulative precipitation changes and the high-value regions of total precipitation better. …”
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Quantum Bayesian rule for weak measurements of qubits in superconducting circuit QED by Peiyue Wang, Lupei Qin, Xin-Qi Li

“…We expect the proposed Bayesian rule to be useful for future cQED measurement and control experiments.…”
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Experimental study of the effects of culture and location on single-file fundamental diagrams by Nashiru Mumuni Daniel Bilintoh, Jun Zhang, Rehmat Karim, Warda Rafaqat

“…Empirical observation, controlled experiments, and pedestrian dynamics models are used to research pedestrian movement. …”
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All‐Electric Spin Device Operation Using the Weyl Semimetal, WTe2, at Room Temperature by Kosuke Ohnishi, Motomi Aoki, Ryo Ohshima, Ei Shigematsu, Yuichiro Ando, Taishi Takenobu, Masashi Shiraishi

“…The polarization of spins propagating in the all‐electric device is perpendicular to the WTe2 plane, which is ascribed to local in‐plane symmetry breaking in WTe2, yielding the spin polarization creation of propagating charged carriers, namely, the spin‐polarized state creation from the nonpolarized state. Systematic control experiments unequivocally negate unexpected artifacts, such as the anomalous Hall effect, the anisotropic magnetoresistance, etc. …”
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Structure optimization of non-magnetic electric heating film for spin exchange relaxation free magnetometer by Xiaofei Liu, Jing Zhu, Shuai Wang, Lianqing Zhu

“…The temperature control experiment indicates that the temperature could be stabilized at 180 ​± ​0.2 ​°C. …”
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Development of a Chemically Driven Biomimetic Modular Artificial Muscle (BiMAM) by Pritish Nagwade, Minseok Kang, Jaeu Park, Jinwoong Jeong, Heejae Shin, Youngjun Cho, Sanghoon Lee

“…Multiple performance characteristics are determined by conducting controlled experiments. Various methods are demonstrated to control the fuel‐based valve system and the actuation of the chemically driven artificial muscle. …”
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Understanding the Photo- and Electro-Carboxylation of <i>o</i>-Methylbenzophenone with Carbon Dioxide by Keyi Tian, Ruonan Chen, Jiafang Xu, Ge Yang, Xintong Xu, Yanhua Zhang

“…Using methylbenzophenone as the model, we clarify and compare the photo-enolization/Diels−Alder (PEDA) mechanism for photo-carboxylation and the two-step single-electron reduction pathway for electro-carboxylation with CO₂ through careful control experiments. The regioselective carboxylation products, <i>o</i>-acylphenylacetic acid and α-hydroxycarboxylic acid are obtained, respectively, in photo- and electro-chemistry systems. …”
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Machine Learning Techniques for Effective Pathogen Detection Based on Resonant Biosensors by Guoguang Rong, Yankun Xu, Mohamad Sawan

“…Valid detection experiments contained 486 negative and 108 positive samples, and control experiments, in which biosensors without antibody functionalization were used to detect SARS-CoV-2, contained 36 negative samples and 732 positive samples. …”
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Closed-loop functional optogenetic stimulation by Srinivasan, Shriya S, Maimon, Benjamin E, Diaz, Maurizio, Song, Hyungeun, Herr, Hugh M

“…We develop and investigate a 3-phase, photo-kinetic model to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for temporal variations in optogenetically activated neuromusculature during closed-loop control experiments. Methods and insights from this study lay the groundwork for the development of closed-loop optogenetic neuromuscular stimulation therapies and devices for peripheral limb control.…”
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Direct evidence of plasmon enhancement on photocatalytic hydrogen generation over Au/Pt-decorated TiO2 nanofibers by Bosman, Michel, Zhang, Zhenyi, Li, Anran, Cao, Shao-Wen, Li, Shuzhou, Xue, Can

“…Further investigation by finely controlling the irradiation wavelengths reveals that the enhancement factor on the photocatalytic activity for H2 generation is directly correlated with the plasmon absorption band of the Au nanoparticles in the Au/Pt/TiO2 nanofibers. The control experiments with different sacrificial agents suggest that the hot plasmonic electrons of Au are responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity that can be magnified when TiO2 is simultaneously excited.…”
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On-line optimization of biomimetic undulatory swimming by an experiment-based approach by Zhou, Chunlin, Low, Kin Huat

“…To evaluate how well the input energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the propulsor, an energy-efficiency index is presented and utilized as a feedback to regulate the on-line searching with a closed-loop swimming control. Experiments were conducted on propulsor prototypes with different fin segments and the optimal swimming patterns were found separately. …”
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Docking in metal-organic frameworks by Miljanić, Ognjen Š., Knobler, Carolyn B., Yaghi, Omar M., Li, Qiaowei, Zhang, Wenyu, Sue, Chi Hau, Zhao, Yanli, Liu, Lihua, Stoddart, J. Fraser

“…This act of specific complexation yields quantitatively the corresponding MOF-1001 pseudorotaxanes, as confirmed by x-ray diffraction and by solid- and solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies performed on MOF-1001, its pseudorotaxanes, and their molecular strut precursors. A control experiment involving the attempted inclusion of PQT2+ inside a framework (MOF-177) devoid of polyether struts showed negligible uptake of PQT2+, indicating the importance of the macrocyclic polyether in PQT2+ docking.…”
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Biofilm detachment by self-collapsing air microbubbles : a potential chemical-free cleaning technology for membrane biofouling by Agarwal, Ashutosh, Xu, Huijuan, Ng, Wun Jern, Liu, Yu

“…About 88% of fixed biomass detachment was observed after 1 h air microbubbling, while only 10% of biofilm detachment was achieved in the control experiment without microbubbles. Images taken with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) clearly showed that nearly all extracellular polysaccharides and proteins in biofilms were removed from the membrane surface, indicating a complete disruption of the extracellular polymeric matrix of biofilms. …”
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Specific Fuel Consumption Prediction Model for Diesel Engines: A Preliminary Study by Alif, Hamdan H., Sari, Wangi P., Sopha, Bertha M., Aprilana, Almas, Mulyani, Yun P., Hapsari, Tiva W. D.

“…Data collection to calculate SFC can be obtained through either controlled experiments or direct observations in power plants, each has its own pros and cons. …”
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Effects of visible light wavelengths on seed germinability in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni by Abdullateef, Raji Akintunde, Osman, Mohamad

“…Red light (660nm) had better influence on germination in Stevia seeds than white light (400-700nm) and control experiment.…”
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Impact of Actual Weather Datasets for Calibrating White-Box Building Energy Models Base on Monitored Data by Vicente Gutiérrez González, Germán Ramos Ruiz, Carlos Fernández Bandera

“…The research was developed on a control experiment conducted by Annex 58 and a previous calibration study. …”
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Multi‐future Transformer: Learning diverse interaction modes for behaviour prediction in autonomous driving by Baotian He, Yibing Li

“…To better utilise the scene context, comprehensive control experiments were conducted highlighting the importance of fine‐grained scene representation with content‐adaptive aggregation and late fusion of semantic attributes. …”
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Survivability of IED components, suitcases, their contents and luggage containers in suitcase bombs by Erwin Vermeij

“…To gain insight into the survivability of IED components, suitcases, their contents, and luggage containers, a series of controlled experiments were carried out in which suitcase bombs, positioned in different configurations in aluminium LD3 luggage containers, were detonated. …”
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Causal Inference in Introductory Statistics Courses by Kevin Cummiskey, Bryan Adams, James Pleuss, Dusty Turner, Nicholas Clark, Krista Watts

“…Despite these changes, causality is rarely discussed in introductory courses, except for warning students “correlation does not imply causation” or covering the special case of randomized controlled experiments. In this article, we argue causal inference concepts align well with statistics education guidelines for introductory courses by developing statistical and multivariable thinking, exposing students to many aspects of the investigative process, and fostering active learning. …”
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