Pilot-scale steam explosion pretreatment with 2-naphthol to overcome high softwood recalcitrance by Thomas Pielhop, Janick Amgarten, Michael H. Studer, Philipp Rudolf von Rohr

“…Mixing with the biomass before pretreatment could enhance digestibility by up to 55% compared to control experiments. Impregnation of the biomass with 2-naphthol was yet more effective. …”
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HPA-1 polymorphism of αIIbβ3 modulates platelet adhesion onto immobilized fibrinogen in an in-vitro flow system by Mihalj Mario, Zotz Rainer B, Hellmig Sabine, Stoldt Volker, Loncar Robert, Scharf Rüdiger E

“…Perfusion of blood preincubated with Abciximab over fibrinogen-coated cover-slips showed reduced platelet adherence (absolute fluorescence: 168 ± 35 U vs. 53000 ± 19000 at control experiments, p < 0.05), as well as by perfusion over BSA-coated glass coverslips. …”
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Cytotoxicity and Characterization of Ultrafine Particles from Desktop Three-Dimensional Printers with Multiple Filaments by Runcheng Fang, Afzaal Nadeem Mohammed, Jagjit Singh Yadav, Jun Wang

“…In this study, controlled experiments were conducted where the particles emitted were used to expose cells grown in an air-liquid interface (ALI) system. …”
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Satellite Radiance Data Assimilation Using the WRF-3DVAR System for Tropical Storm Dianmu (2021) Forecasts by Thippawan Thodsan, Falin Wu, Kritanai Torsri, Efren Martin Alban Cuestas, Gongliu Yang

“…In the first, the control experiment, only conventional data in Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological Data (PREPBUFR) observations from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were assimilated. …”
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Data Enrichment as a Method of Data Preprocessing to Enhance Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting by Yingya Zhou, Linwei Ma, Weidou Ni, Colin Yu

“…It can cooperate with any existing forecasting models that have weather prediction data as inputs. The controlled experiments on three actual individual wind farms have verified the effectiveness of the proposed data enrichment method: The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of the day-ahead wind power forecast of XGBoost and LSTM with data enrichment is 11% to 27% lower than that of XGBoost and LSTM without data enrichment. …”
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Synthesis of Amino Acids Bearing Halodifluoromethyl Moieties and Their Application to p53-Derived Peptides Binding to Mdm2/Mdm4 by Vaas S, Zimmermann MO, Klett T, Boeckler FM

“…By reducing the side chain length of Nle(&epsiv;NHCOCF2X) to Abu(γNHCOCF2X) as control experiments and through quantum mechanical calculations, we suggest that the observed affinity enhancement is related to halogen bond-induced intramolecular stabilization of the α-helical binding mode of the peptide or a direct interaction with His54 in human Mdm4.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: halogen bonding, solid-phase peptide synthesis, unnatural amino acids, fluorescence polarization assay, oncological target, MdmX…”
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The Effect of the Environment on the Case Hardening Characteristics of AISI 1018 Steel during Cassava Leaf Pack Cyaniding by Renee Erica Gordon, Egwu Eric Kalu, Adelana Rasak Adetunji, Dorr Campbell, Peter N. Kalu

“…The process was carried out at two different temperatures (850 °C and 950 °C) and under three environmental conditions: Process 1, the control experiment, was carried out in air only; in Process 2, the medium comprised pulverized cassava leaves; and in Process 3 a combination of pulverized cassava leaves plus barium carbonate (BaCO₃) was used as an energizer (CBC mixture). …”
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Intelligent Wood Inspection Approach Utilizing Enhanced Swin Transformer by Zhigang Ding, Fucheng Fu, Jishi Zheng, Haiyan Yang, Fumin Zou, Kong Linghua

“…The instance segmentation model parameters are also modified, encompassing multi-scale training, an increased number of training samples, improved image input size, and effective data widening techniques, all of which enhance log measurement accuracy and resolve the issue of partially occluded logs.This study conducts multiple control experiments to evaluate various scale metrics, such as mean average precision (mAP), log true detection rate, false detection rate, as well as comparing the root count and volume of logs through prediction. …”
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The Effect of Trophic Modes on Biomass and Lipid Production of Five Microalgal Strains by Andonia Nicodemou, Michalis Kallis, Anastasia Agapiou, Androulla Markidou, Michalis Koutinas

“…Microalgae strains were cultivated in the presence of 1% glucose using mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, while autotrophic cultures served as control experiments. The results demonstrate that <i>S. obliquus</i> performed the highest biomass productivity that reached 0.13 and 0.14 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹ under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, respectively. …”
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Effectiveness of the Execution and Prevention of Metric-Based Adversarial Attacks on Social Network Data ^† by Nikolaus Nova Parulian, Tiffany Lu, Shubhanshu Mishra, Mihai Avram, Jana Diesner

“…We conduct a series of controlled experiments on synthetic network data to identify attacks that allow the adversary to achieve their objective with a single move. …”
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Comparison of microscopic adsorption characteristics of Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) on kaolinite by Li Tian, Kai-bin Fu, Shu Chen, Jun Yao, Liang Bian

“…Abstract In this research, kaolinite was used to investigate the comparative adsorption of copper, lead, and zinc ions through batch control experiments and first principles calculations. Different adsorption conditions were considered as the effect of solution acidity, initial concentration of ions, and contact shaking time. …”
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Modulation of Paracellular-like Drug Transport across an Artificial Biomimetic Barrier by Osmotic Stress-Induced Liposome Shrinking by Jonas Borregaard Eriksen, Hesham Barakat, Barbara Luppi, Martin Brandl, Annette Bauer-Brandl

“…Apparent permeabilities for calcein and acyclovir across the PermeaPad^® barrier were found to increase approximately 2.0 and 1.7 fold, respectively, upon hypo-osmotic pretreatment (soaking in hypotonic medium, while the permeation of hydrocortisone and celecoxib remained unchanged. A control experiment with lipid-free barriers (support sheets) indicated that the permeation of all the compounds was virtually unchanged upon hypo-osmotic pretreatment. …”
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Quality of biogas generated through co-digestion of Brewer’s spent grain and cattle dung by Philimon Dickson Nganyira, Debora John Mahushi, Jonas Gervas Balengayabo, Godlisten Namwel Shao, Jovine Kamuhabwa Emmanuel

“…Digestion of two substrates was managed at a retention time of 10 days at BSG: CD ratios: 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, BSG and CD control experiments with substrates combination of 4.5 kg in each setup. …”
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Novel Intelligent Spatiotemporal Grid Earthquake Early-Warning Model by Daoye Zhu, Yi Yang, Fuhu Ren, Shunji Murai, Chengqi Cheng, Min Huang

“…Five groups of control experiments were designed, namely with the use of atmospheric temperature anomaly data only, use of historical earthquake data only, a non-group convolution control group, a support vector machine control group, and a seismic statistical analysis control group. …”
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Reducing sea turtle bycatch with net illumination in an Indonesian small-scale coastal gillnet fishery by Dwi Ariyoga Gautama, Hendro Susanto, Mochammad Riyanto, Ronny I. Wahju, Michael Osmond, John H. Wang

“…We conducted controlled experiments of net illumination as a potential BRT to reduce sea turtle bycatch in a coastal gillnet fishery based in Paloh, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. …”
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A Hexadecanuclear Cobalt-Added Tungstogermanate Containing Counter Cobalt Hydrates: Synthesis, Structure and Photocatalytic Properties by Qing Zhao, Xuyan Li, Yu Wang, Hongjin Lv, Guoyu Yang

“…Compound <b>1</b> can effectively drive the heterogeneous photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in the presence of [Ir(ppy)₂(dtbbpy)][PF₆] as the photosensitizer, with triethanolamine (TEOA) and N-Hydroxy succinimide (NHS) used as the dual sacrificial reagents. Control experiments revealed the important role of NHS in enhancing the hydrogen-evolution activities. …”
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Biocontrol of <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> and <i>Pleospora allii</i> on Pear by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> spp.: Preventative and Curative Effects on Inoculu... by Concepció Moragrega, Alba Carmona, Isidre Llorente

“…Two strategies were tested in controlled experiments: application before (preventative strategy) or after (curative strategy) pear leaf debris colonization by <i>S. vesicarium</i>, evaluating the growth inhibition and sporulation of <i>S. vesicarium</i> and the pseudothecia production of <i>P. allii</i>. …”
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Fabrication of device with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-ssDNA copolymer brush for resistivity study by Yi-Zu Liu, May-Show Chen, Chih-Chia Cheng, Shih-Hsun Chen, Jem-Kun Chen

“…By performing the controlled experiments, in the same manner, using another sequence with lengths similar to that of the target sequence without complementarity. …”
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Assessment of Climate Indices over the Carpathian Basin Based on ALADIN5.2 and REMO2015 Regional Climate Model Simulations by Otília A. Megyeri-Korotaj, Beatrix Bán, Réka Suga, Gabriella Allaga-Zsebeházi, Gabriella Szépszó

“…ERA-Interim reanalysis was used in the evaluation experiment, while the CNRM-CM5 and the MPI-ESM-LR global climate models (GCM) provided the forcings in the control experiments. The model outputs were compared with the CarpatClim-HU observational dataset for the 1981–2000 period. …”
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Controlling Laser Irradiation with Tissue Temperature Feedback Enhances Photothermal Applications: Ex-Vivo Evaluation on Bovine Liver by Özgür Kaya, İpek Düzgören, İnci Çilesiz, Murat Gülsoy

“…In contrast, fixed-dose application groups displayed a high final temperature range and variation in the control experiment. Temperature–time responses of samples varied significantly, in agreement with a wide range of optical and thermal coefficients. …”
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