Is Africa’s growing public debt really crowding out private investment? by Mulangu, Francis

“…This will prompt African governments to use Treasury bill to fund part of the national budget with loans from domestic commercial banks, a practice that may crowd out private sector investment. To decide whether public debt in Africa is crowding out private investment, we must answer three questions. …”
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Incentives for teachers: a theoretical framework and a structural model by Jain, R

“…I develop a theoretical principal-agent model explicitly allowing for both intrinsic motivation and a crowding out effect of explicit performance pay on intrinsic incentives. …”

Costly information acquisition, social networks, and asset prices : experimental evidence by Halim, Edward, Riyanto, Yohanes Eko, Roy, Nilanjan

“…Social communication crowds out information production as a result of an agent's temptation to free ride on the signals purchased by her neighbors. …”
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