Social experiments in the mesoscale: humans playing a spatial prisoner's dilemma. by Jelena Grujić, Constanza Fosco, Lourdes Araujo, José A Cuesta, Angel Sánchez

“…Regarding players' behavior, we observe that the population is heterogeneous, consisting of a high percentage of defectors, a smaller one of cooperators, and a large group that shares features of the conditional cooperators of public goods games. …”
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Cooperation prevails when individuals adjust their social ties. by Francisco C Santos, Jorge M Pacheco, Tom Lenaerts

“…For a given average connectivity of the population, there is a critical value for the ratio W between the time scales associated with the evolution of strategy and of structure above which cooperators wipe out defectors. Moreover, the emerging social networks exhibit an overall heterogeneity that accounts very well for the diversity of patterns recently found in acquired data on social networks. …”
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Homophily, heterophily and the diversity of messages among decision-making individuals by Pouria Ramazi, James Riehl, Ming Cao

“…Finally, we generalize an existing convergence result on population shares associated with weakly dominated strategies to a broadly applicable theorem and complete previous research on PD games with preplay communication by proving that the frequencies of all types of cooperators, i.e. pure, homophilic and heterophilic, converge to zero in the face of defectors. This implies homophily and heterophily cannot facilitate the long-term survival of cooperation in this setting, which urges studying cheap-talk games under other reproduction dynamics.…”
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The juche H-bomb? North Korea, nuclear weapons and regime-state survival by Howell, E

“…Through interviews with elite North Korean defectors and textual analysis of North Korean and international sources, I show that North Korea's nuclear ideology has been constructed according to different frames of meaning, targeting referent actors of international ‘enemy’ powers and domestic audiences. …”

Evolutionary Exploration of the Finitely Repeated Prisoners’ Dilemma—The Effect of Out-of-Equilibrium Play by Kristian Lindgren, Vilhelm Verendel

“…The first set consists of conditional cooperators, up to a certain round, while the second set in addition to these contains two strategy types that react differently on the first round action: The ”Convincer” strategies insist with two rounds of initial cooperation, trying to establish more cooperative play in the game, while the ”Follower” strategies, although being first round defectors, have the capability to respond to an invite in the first round. …”
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Persian Immigrants in the Armed Forces of Early Byzantium by Andrey D. Nazarov

“…Even during the Principate period, alae and cohortes which were originally recruited from Parthians were part of the Roman imperial army. Units from Persian defectors and prisoners were also created from the 4th to the 6th century. …”
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From Neural and Social Cooperation to the Global Emergence of Cognition by Paolo eGrigolini, Nicola ePiccinini, Adam eSvenkeson, Pensri ePramukkul, David eLambert, Bruce J West

“…In (ii) the benefit to society is the rapid attainment of consensus in the $mathcal{S}$ level.The agents of the level $mathcal{F}$ operate according to the prisoner'sdilemma prescription, with the defectors acting as DMMcontrarians at the level $mathcal{S}$. …”
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Program Insight: The screening process of disengaged Boko Haram associates in Niger by Florian Morier

“…The Government of Niger has made progress in the treatment of defectors by updating its legal framework, through the creation of a National Program on disengaged combatants and the set-up of an action plan to seek international support. …”
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Predicting Dishonesty When the Stakes Are High: Physiologic Responses During Face-to-Face Interactions Identifies Who Reneges on Promises to Cooperate by Paul J. Zak, Jorge A. Barraza, Xinbo Hu, Giti Zahedzadeh, John Murray

“…As gregariously social creatures, human beings would have evolved physiologic mechanisms to identify likely defectors in cooperative tasks, though these mechanisms may not cross into conscious awareness. …”
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The Failing Islamic State within the Failed State of Yemen by Kendall, E

“…The article next looks at Islamic State’s challenges and weaknesses in Yemen by analysing both the revelations of defectors and its own propaganda. Despite some early support from inside Saudi Arabia, Islamic State lacked charismatic leaders who inspired broad loyalty and respect and was well into decline by 2016. …”

Assortativity provides a narrow margin for enhanced cooperation on multilayer networks by Maja Duh, Marko Gosak, Mitja Slavinec, Matjaž Perc

“…We know that networks with broad-scale degree distributions favor the emergence of robust cooperative clusters, and that temporal networks might preclude defectors to exploit cooperators, provided the later can sever their bad ties soon enough. …”
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Associations between defense mechanisms and life satisfaction among North Korean refugees by Chang Woo Lee, Jooyoung Lee, Jin Yong Jun, So Hee Lee, So Young Yu, Juhyun Park, Seog Ju Kim

“…Methods A total of 178 North Korean refugees completed the Korean version of the Defense Style Questionnaire, a revised version of the Ways of Thinking of North Korean Defectors scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. …”
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Resilience, tipping, and hydra effects in public health: emergent collective behavior in two agent-based models by Christopher Robert Keane

“…In the public health game, health protection is followed by free-riding defectors, followed by a rise in infection, in long-lasting cycles. …”
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The Bone Lid Technique in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Scoping Review by Stefano Sivolella, Giulia Brunello, Sourav Panda, Lucia Schiavon, Fouad Khoury, Massimo Del Fabbro

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Differences in implant osseointegration in the jaw and femur in animal experiments by TANG Yufei, ZHOU Anqi, YU Hui, LIU Zhenzhen, ZHANG Xinyuan, WANG Bin, ZHANG Kaiwen, XIANG Lin

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Alteración de la entropía en la precuña y la corteza cingulada posterior en la enfermedad de Alzheimer: estudio de resonancia magnética funcional en reposo by Aura C. Puche, John Fredy Ochoa-Gómez, Yésika Alexandra Agudelo-Londoño, Jan Karlo Rodas-Marín, Carlos Andrés Tobón-Quintero

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Emergent multilevel selection in a simple spatial model of the evolution of altruism by Rutger Hermsen

“…This reveals that individual colonies inevitably succumb to defectors in a within-colony “tragedy of the commons”. …”
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Cue-driven microbial cooperation and communication: evolving quorum sensing with honest signaling by Tamás Czárán, István Scheuring, István Zachar, Szabolcs Számadó

“…Our model can be seen as a version of the famous greenbeard effect, where greenbeards coexist with defectors in a evolutionarily stable polymorphism. …”
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Alexander von Humboldt y los fósiles inorgánicos de las islas canarias by Cándido Manuel García Cruz

“…Thus, Humboldt would be one of the most influential defectors of the Neptunism, and he prompted the visit to the Canary Islands to a number of geologists throughout the 19th century.…”
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Investigation on regime shifts in coupled socio-ecological system by Sugiarto, Hendrik Santoso

“…The community structure in the social network interaction corresponds to social segregation in which the new intermediate stable regime corresponds to communities of defectors free riding on communities of cooperator. …”
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