A Comprehensive Investigation on Catalytic Behavior of Anaerobic Jar Gassing Systems and Design of an Enhanced Cultivation System by Fatih S. Sayin, Hasan Erdal, Nurver T. Ulger, Mehmet B. Aksu, Mehmet M. Guncu

“…The favorable catalyst facets for water formation on Pd surfaces and the crystal structure of Pd/Al₂O₃ pellets were identified by X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The doping ratio of the noble metal (Pd) and the support material (Al₂O₃) was validated via energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements as 0.68% and 99.32%, respectively. …”
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Comparison of Ten Metal-Doped LaFeO₃ Samples on Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics in Water under Visible Light: Role of Surface Area and Aqueous Phosphate Ions by Isabella Bolognino, Renato Pelosato, Giuseppe Marcì, Isabella Natali Sora

“…The doped samples were synthetized using a citrate auto-combustion technique. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, only a single crystalline phase, namely an orthorhombic perovskite structure, was observed except for trace amounts of PdO in the sample with Pd 5%. …”
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A New Nanoplatform Under NIR Released ROS Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy and Low Temperature Photothermal Therapy for Antibacterial and Wound Repair by Miao L, Xu Z, Sui J, Meng X, Huo S, Liu S, Chen M, Zheng Z, Cai X, Zhang H

“…In this study, a novel photothermal nanomaterial (MMPI) was synthesized for infected wound healing by loading indocyanine green (ICG) on magnesium-incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass (Mg-MBG) and coating its surface with polydopamine (PDA).Results: In this study, Mg-MBG and MMPI was synthesized via the sol-gel method and characterized it using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) system and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cytocompatibility of MMPI was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), CCK8 assay, live/dead staining and F-actin staining of the cytoskeleton. …”
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Curious Corrosion Compounds Caused by Contact: A Review of Glass-Induced Metal Corrosion on Museum Exhibits (GIMME) by Gerhard Eggert, Andrea Fischer

“…The unknown structure and formula of three of them could be determined by modern X-ray powder diffraction data evaluation. One example is the basic potassium lead carbonate, KOH‧2PbCO₃, detected on a pewter lid of a glass jug. …”
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Exploring the potential of drill cuttings for reservoir characterization: A case study from the Volga-Ural basin, Russia by Ibrahem Yousef, V.P. Morozov

“…Thin sections from drill cuttings were examined using an optical polarizing microscope (Axio Imager A2). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Brucker D2 Phaser X-ray powder diffractometer. …”
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Synthesis of Silica from Rice Husk as Coating Material on Magnetic Nanoparticle for Efficient Adsorption of Phenol from Water Samples by Nik Nur Atiqah Nik Wee, Noorashikin Md Saleh, Tanusha Devi Elan Solan, Alinda Samsuri, Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh

“…The structure of SiO2 and SiO2-MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed a rod shape, with a rough surface area in the range of 2  to 3 µm. …”
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Visible light-driven Synergetic antimicrobial activity of Cu2O quantum dots and electrospun PAN/PCL nanofiber matrix by Farhan Aryo Hutomo, Azzah Dyah Pramata, Febriyansyah Saputra, Paundra Rizky Pratama, Taras Genovievo De Yonarosa, Amaliya Rasyida, Widyastuti, Sutarsis, Nur Laila Hamidah

“…The characterization including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis exhibits good physicochemical properties of both synthesized quantum dots and nanofiber. …”
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Facile Synthesis of Silane-Modified Mixed Metal Oxide as Catalyst in Transesterification Processes by Nugroho Pranyoto, Yuni Dewi Susanti, Immanuel Joseph Ondang, Artik Elisa Angkawijaya, Felycia Edi Soetaredjo, Shella Permatasari Santoso, Maria Yuliana, Suryadi Ismadji, Sandy Budi Hartono

“…The synthesized catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). …”
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Hydrogen-based phase transformation and separation of high iron and low manganese ores by Shumin ZHANG, Zaizheng DONG, Shuai YUAN, Yanjun LI

“…Chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersion spectra (SEM-EDS) analysis confirmed the effective separation of manganese and iron minerals. …”
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Comparison of Hafnium Dioxide and Zirconium Dioxide Grown by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition for the Application of Electronic Materials by Zhigang Xiao, Kim Kisslinger, Sam Chance, Samuel Banks

“…The PE-ALD-grown HfO₂ and ZrO₂ thin films were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). …”
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A Novel Synthetic Nano-Catalyst (Ag2O3/Zeolite) for High Quality of Light Naphtha by Batch Oxidative Desulfurization Reactor by Amer Talal Nawaf, Shymaa Ali Hameed, Layth T. Abdulateef, Aysar Talib Jarullah, Mohammed S. Kadhim, Iqbal M. Mujtaba

“…The new homemade nano-catalysts (Ag2O3/Nano-zeolite) prepared are characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) (surface area, pore volume and pore size), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. …”
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Optical band gap modulation in functionalized chitosan biopolymer hybrids using absorption and derivative spectrum fitting methods: A spectroscopic analysis by Dyari M. Mamand, Dana S. Muhammad, Daron Q. Muheddin, Karzan A. Abdalkarim, Dana A. Tahir, Hawkar A. Muhammad, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Sarkawt A. Hussen, Jamal Hassan

“…As a result of changes in the optical diffraction parameters the optical mobility ( $${\mu }_{opt}$$ ) changed from 1.67 to 1.27 and optical resistivity $${\rho }_{opt}$$ from 9.36 × 10–27 to 4.0 × 10–29. …”
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Study of the Thermal Annealing on Structural and Morphological Properties of High-Porosity A-WO₃ Films Synthesized by HFCVD by M. Cruz-Leal, O. Goiz, F. Chávez, G. F. Pérez-Sánchez, N. Hernández-Como, V. Santes, C. Felipe

“…The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and UV−vis spectroscopy. …”
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Promising Cr-Doped ZnO Nanorods for Photocatalytic Degradation Facing Pollution by Fatemah. H. Alkallas, Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi, Ramzi Nasser, Susana Fernandez, Ji-Ming Song, Habib Elhouichet

“…The concentration effect of the Cr doping on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the ZnO nanorods was established by correlating various measurements: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and several UV-visible studies. …”
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Morphologically Controlled Synthesis of Cs₂SnCl₆ Perovskite Crystals and Their Photoluminescence Activity by Hongdan Zhang, Ludan Zhu, Jun Cheng, Long Chen, Chuanqi Liu, Shuanglong Yuan

“…This process has been confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-rays diffraction (XRD). By controlling the concentration of the initial reactants and hydrochloric acid in the solution to change the supersaturation of the solution, different crystal morphologies, such as truncated octahedron, octahedron, hexapod, quasi-sphere, have been obtained. …”
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Specifically designed magnetic biochar from waste wood for arsenic removal by Chih-Kuei Chen, Jia-Jia Chen, Nhat-Thien Nguyen, Thuy-Trang Le, Nguyen-Cong Nguyen, Chang-Tang Chang

“…The adsorption mechanism between As (III) and biochar was studied by adsorption isotherms and the kinetic model. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analyzer analysis results show that modified biochar has major elements of Fe and Mn. …”
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Structural Peculiarities of Natural Ballas—Spheroidal Variety of Polycrystalline Diamond by Andrei A. Shiryaev, Felix V. Kaminsky, Anton D. Pavlushin, Vasily O. Yapaskurt, Denis A. Zolotov, Alexei A. Averin, Olga M. Zhilicheva, Maximilian S. Nickolsky, Olga V. Kuznetsova

“…Point and extended defects were examined on polished central plates using infra-red, photo- and cathodoluminescence spectroscopies, and electron back-scattering diffraction; information about nanosized inclusions was inferred from Transmission Electron Microscopy. …”
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Improving EDLC Device Performance Constructed from Plasticized Magnesium Ion Conducting Chitosan Based Polymer Electrolytes via Metal Complex Dispersion by Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Elham M. A. Dannoun, M. H. Hamsan, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, Kuldeep Mishra, Muaffaq M. Nofal, M. F. Z. Kadir

“…The structural and optical properties of the samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. …”
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Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite and Hydrogen Peroxide Based on 3D Au-rGO/FTO Obtained Through a One-Step Synthesis by Chengcheng Li, Delun Chen, Yuanyuan Wang, Xiaoyong Lai, Juan Peng, Xiaohong Wang, Kexi Zhang, Yang Cao

“…The combined results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and electrochemical tests demonstrated that the properties of 3D Au-rGO/FTO were attributabled to the conductive network consisting of rGO and the good dispersion of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) which can provide better electrochemical properties than other metal compounds, such as a larger electroactive surface area, more active sites, and a bigger catalytic rate constant.…”
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Characterization and effect of mechanical and thermal activation in mining tailings for use as supplementary cementitious material by S.M. Hernández-Ramos, D.L. Trejo-Arroyo, D.F. Cholico-González, G.M. Rodríguez-Torres, J. Zárate-Medina, R.E. Vega-Azamar, C.A. León-Patiño, N. Ortíz-Lara

“…The effect of both activation processes in crystallite size and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) were determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Mechanical activation at 140 min of milling and thermal activation at 1000 °C allowed the most significant reduction of crystallite size and particle size. …”
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