Towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism: systematic reviews of mechanical methods, oral anticoagulation, dextran and regional anaesthesia as... by Roderick, P, Ferris, G, Wilson, K, Halls, H, Jackson, D, Collins, R, Baigent, C

“…<br/> <b>Conclusions:</b> In the absence of a clear contraindication (such as severe peripheral arterial disease), patients undergoing a surgical procedure would be expected to derive net benefit from a mechanical compression method of thromboprophylaxis (such as graduated compression stockings), irrespective of their absolute risk of venous thromboembolism. …”

Antibiotics for sore throat. by Mar, D, Glasziou, P, Spinks, AB

“… BACKGROUND: Sore throat is a very common reason for people to seek medical care. It is a disease that remits spontaneously, that is, 'cure' is not dependent on treatment. …”

Studies on collagen post-translational modifications by Langley, G

“…These amino acid analysis approaches may be taken further to analyse collagen samples derived from tissue to assess hydroxylation levels in diseased tendon.</p> <p>Additionally, metathesis-derived lysine analogues have been synthesised and used to analyse 2OG-dependent histone demethylase (KDM) catalysis. …”

Effects of peri-operative statin treatment on atrial electrical properties, post-operative atrial fibrillation and in-hospital clinical outcomes in patients undergoing elective car... by Jayaram, R

“…<p>Surgical myocardial revascularization remains the standard of care for patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. A growing body of evidence indicates that systemic inflammation and myocardial oxidative stress are associated with the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) and low cardiac output syndrome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. …”

Optimising radiotherapy of liver tumours: radiobiology of yttrium-90 microsphere treatment by Abbott, EM

“…<p><strong>Background:</strong> Yttrium-90 selective internal radiotherapy (90Y SIRT) is a treatment aimed at improving tumour control within the liver, from which the disease burden is the most common cause of death. …”

How common are polycystic ovaries and the polycystic ovarian syndrome in women with Cushing's syndrome? by Kaltsas, G, Korbonits, M, Isidori, A, Webb, J, Trainer, P, Monson, J, Besser, G, Grossman, AB

“…RESULTS: Eleven women had ACTH-dependent CS [nine Cushing's disease (CD), one ectopic ACTH syndrome due to a bronchial carcinoid, one periodic CS of unknown origin); two patients had ACTH-independent CS (adrenal adenomas). …”

The Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners clinical informatics digital hub: Protocol to develop extended COVID-19 surveillance and trial platforms by de Lusignan, S, Jones, N, Dorward, J, Byford, R, Liyanage, H, Briggs, J, Ferreira, F, Akinyemi, O, Amirthalingam, G, Bates, C, Lopez Bernal, J, Dabrera, G, Eavis, A, Elliot, AJ, Feher, M, Krajenbrink, E, Hoang, U, Howsam, G, Leach, J, Okusi, C, Nicholson, B, Nieri, P, Sherlock, J, Smith, G, Thomas, M, Wood, I, Zambon, M, Parry, J, O’Hanlon, S, Joy, M, Butler, C, Marshall, M, Hobbs, FDR

“…Much larger numbers of general practices are required to deliver effective surveillance and in-pandemic trials, given the partial national lockdown has resulted in falling community disease incidence.</p><br /> <p><strong>Objective:</strong><br /> To describe the rapid design and development of the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital (ORCHID) Hub, and its first two platforms. …”

COVID-19 and mental health in 8 low- and middle-income countries: a prospective cohort study by Aksunger, N, Vernot, C, Littman, R, Voors, M, Meriggi, NF, Abajobir, A, Beber, B, Dai, K, Egger, D, Islam, A, Kelly, J, Kharel, A, Matabaro, A, Moya, A, Mwachofi, P, Nekesa, C, Ochieng, E, Rahman, T, Scacco, A, van Dalen, Y, Walker, M, Janssens, W, Mobarak, AM

“…<p><b>Background</b></p> The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated mitigation policies created a global economic and health crisis of unprecedented depth and scale, raising the estimated prevalence of depression by more than a quarter in high-income countries. …”

Immune reconstitution at 6 months following T-cell depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is predictive for treatment outcome. by Novitzky, N, Davison, G, Hale, G, Waldmann, H

“…METHODS: Conditioning for transplantation was radiation-based, while graft versus host disease prophylaxis was by ex vivo T-cell depletion with Campath-1 antibodies. …”

Investigating the potential role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in regulating cell fate decisions in Dictyostelium discoideum by Wang, Y

“…<p>Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cell fate decisions in response to genetic and environmental factors will help to develop advanced stem cell therapies such as tissue regeneration or replacement of damaged or diseased cells. The social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum is used as a lineage model which has a growth-to-development transition triggered by starvation. …”

Pathogen-reduced platelets for the prevention of bleeding (Review) by Estcourt, L, Malouf, R, Hopewell, S, Trivella, M, Doree, C, Stanworth, S, Murphy, M

“…</p> <h4>Key results</h4> <p>In people with cancer who have a low platelet count due to their disease or its treatment, we found that pathogen-reduced platelet transfusions lead to an increase in the number of platelet transfusions required and an increase in the risk of no longer achieving a rise in the platelet count after a transfusion (platelet refractoriness). …”

Efficacy of baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis with 3 years of treatment: results from a long-term study by Smolen, JS, Xie, L, Jia, B, Taylor, PC, Burmester, G, Tanaka, Y, Elias, A, Cardoso, A, Ortmann, R, Walls, C, Dougados, M

“…The proportion of patients who reached low disease activity (LDA), as measured by SDAI ≤11, was evaluated along with change from baseline in HAQ-DI. …”

The Dantu blood group prevents parasite growth in vivo: evidence from a controlled human malaria infection study by Kariuki, SN, Macharia, AW, Makale, J, Nyamu, W, Hoffman, SL, Kapulu, MC, Bejon, P, Rayner, JC, Williams, TN

“…Learning more about the mechanisms involved could potentially lead to new approaches to the prevention or treatment of the disease. Our study illustrates the power of CHMI with PfSPZ Challenge for directly testing the protective impact of genotypes previously identified using other methods. …”

Representativeness, vaccination uptake, and COVID-19 clinical outcomes 2020–2021 in the UK Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners research and surveillance network: cohort p... by Leston, M, Elson, WH, Watson, C, Lakhani, A, Aspden, C, Bankhead, CR, Borrow, R, Button, E, Byford, R, Elliot, AJ, Fan, X, Hoang, U, Linley, E, Macartney, J, Nicholson, BD, Okusi, C, Ramsay, M, Smith, G, Smith, S, Thomas, M, Todkill, D, Tsang, RS, Victor, W, Williams, AJ, Williams, J, Zambon, M, Howsam, G, Amirthalingam, G, Lopez-Bernal, J, Hobbs, FDR, de Lusignan, S

“…We report changes to our sampling strategy that brings the RSC into alignment with European Centre for Disease Control guidance and then compare our cohort&rsquo;s sociodemographic characteristics with Office for National Statistics data. …”

Investigating the content and function of stress-induced extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer by Mason, J

“…<p>Despite advances in detection and treatment, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly in those under 40 years of age is increasing, and survival from metastatic disease remains very low. Adaptation of tumour cells to microenvironmental stresses and anti-cancer therapies is a key mechanism driving tumour progression and resistance. …”

Effect of Modified Vaccinia Ankara–5T4 and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide on Antitumor Immunity in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial by Scurr, M, Pembroke, T, Bloom, A, Roberts, D, Thomson, A, Smart, K, Bridgeman, H, Adams, R, Brewster, A, Jones, R, Gwynne, S, Blount, D, Harrop, R, Wright, M, Hills, R, Gallimore, A, Godkin, A

“…Design, Setting, and Participants:In this randomized clinical trial, 55 patients with inoperable mCRC and prior stable disease after standard chemotherapy were enrolled at a single center and randomized to watch and wait (n = 9), cyclophosphamide treatment only (n = 9), MVA-5T4 only (n = 19), and a combination of MVA-5T4 and cyclophosphamide (n = 18). …”

The economic effects of resource extraction in developing countries by Cust, J

“…I present a simple three-sector general equilibrium model to generate predictions for the local labour market, akin to the Corden-Neary Dutch disease model of the macroeconomy. I test the predicted effects in response to an exogenous resource sector shock by looking at mine opening or mine expansion events across three hundred mines. …”

Investigating the relationship between BRAF status and melanoma response to anti-angiogenic therapy by Guo, L

“…<p>A large phase 3 trial (AVAST-M) assessing bevacizumab as adjuvant therapy for melanoma has shown that patients with BRAF V600E melanomas had improved disease-free interval compared to the wild-type (WT) BRAF population, suggesting a differential sensitivity of BRAF V600E to Bevacizumab. …”

NMR studies of cbEFG-like domains from human fibrillin-1 by Smallridge, R, Rachel Sara Smallridge

“…Various nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques were employed to analyse the calcium binding, structural and dynamic properties of this pair, and to assess the effects of a disease-causing mutation. Fibrillin-1 is a mosaic protein composed mainly of 43 cbEGF domains arranged as multiple, tandem repeats, and mutations within fibrillin-1 have been linked to Marfan syndrome (MFS). 66% of MFS-causing mutations identified thus far are localised to cbEGF domains, emphasising that the native properties of these domains are critical to the functional integrity of this protein. …”

89Zr-PET imaging of DNA double-strand breaks for the early monitoring of response following α- and β-particle radioimmunotherapy in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinom... by Poty, S, Mandeylwala, K, O´Neill, E, Knight, JC, Cornelissen, B, Lewis, JS

“…Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a poor patient prognosis due to the absence of curative treatment for patients with advanced disease. There is therefore a critical need for the fast clinical translation of new therapeutic options. …”