Postmortem investigations and identification of multiple causes of child deaths: an analysis of findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) networ... av Breiman, RF, Blau, DM, Mutevedzi, P, Akelo, V, Mandomando, I, Ogbuanu, IU, Sow, SO, Madrid, L, El Arifeen, S, Garel, M, Thwala, NB, Onyango, D, Sitoe, A, Bassey, I-A, Keita, AM, Alemu, A, Alam, M, Mahtab, S, Gethi, D, Varo, R, Ojulong, J, Samura, S, Mehta, A, Ibrahim, AM, Rahman, A, Vitorino, P, Baillie, VL, Agaya, J, Tapia, MD, Assefa, N, Chowdhury, AI, Scott, JAG, Gurley, ES, Kotloff, KL, Jambai, A, Bassat, Q, Tippett-Barr, BA, Madhi, SA, Whitney, CG, CHAMPS Consortium

“…Among 46 child deaths with malnutrition as the underlying condition, all had ≥1 other condition in the causal chain, most commonly sepsis, followed by LRI, malaria, and diarrheal disease. Including all positions in the causal chain for neonatal deaths resulted in 19-fold and 11-fold increases in attributable roles for meningitis and LRI, respectively. …”

The clinical effectiveness and costeffectiveness of exercise referral schemes: A systematic review and economic evaluation av Pavey, T, Anokye, N, Taylor, A, Trueman, P, Moxham, T, Fox, K, Hillsdon, M, Green, C, Campbell, J, Foster, C, Mutrie, N, Searle, J, Taylor, R

“…Future work should include randomised controlled trials assessing the cinical effectiveness and cost-effectivenesss of ERS in disease groups that may benefit from PA. Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme. © Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2011.…”

The potential health impact of restricting less-healthy food and beverage advertising on UK television between 05.30 and 21.00 hours: a modelling study av Mytton, OT, Boyland, E, Adams, J, Collins, B, O'Connell, M, Russell, SJ, Smith, K, Stroud, R, Viner, RM, Cobiac, LJ

“…We used the following data to parameterise the model: children’s exposure to HFSS advertising from AC Nielsen and Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board (2015); effect of less-healthy food advertising on acute caloric intake in children from a published meta-analysis; population numbers and all-cause mortality rates from the Human Mortality Database for the UK (2015); body mass index distribution from the Health Survey for England (2016); disability weights for estimating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study; and healthcare costs from NHS England programme budgeting data. …”

Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis and urine biomarkers (FISH, ImmunoCyt, NMP22) and cytology for the detection and fo... av Mowatt, G, Zhu, S, Kilonzo, M, Boachie, C, Fraser, C, Griffiths, T, N'Dow, J, Nabi, G, Cook, J, Vale, L

“…In sensitivity analyses the results were most sensitive to the pretest probability of disease (5% in the base case). CONCLUSIONS: The advantages of PDD's higher sensitivity in detecting bladder cancer have to be weighed against the disadvantages of a higher false-positive rate. …”

A nested case-control study of metabolically defined body size phenotypes and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) av Murphy, N, Cross, A, Abubakar, M, Jenab, M, Aleksandrova, K, Boutron-Ruault, M, Dossus, L, Racine, A, Kühn, T, Katzke, V, Tjønneland, A, Petersen, K, Overvad, K, Quirós, JR, Jakszyn, P, Molina-Montes, E, Dorronsoro, M, Huerta, J, Barricarte, A, Khaw, K, Wareham, N, Travis, R, Trichopoulou, A, Lagiou, P, Trichopoulos, D, Masala, G, Krogh, V, Tumino, R, Vineis, P, Panico, S, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H, Siersema, P, Peeters, P, Ohlsson, B, Ericson, U, Palmqvist, R, Nyström, H, Weiderpass, E, Skeie, G, Freisling, H, Kong, S, Tsilidis, K, Muller, D, Riboli, E, Gunter, M

“…Recently, body size subtypes categorised by the prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia have been defined, and metabolically healthy overweight/obese individuals (without hyperinsulinaemia) have been suggested to be at lower risk of cardiovascular disease than their metabolically unhealthy (hyperinsulinaemic) overweight/obese counterparts. …”

Severe COVID-19 outcomes after full vaccination of primary schedule and initial boosters: pooled analysis of national prospective cohort studies of 30 million individuals in Englan... av Agrawal, U, Bedston, S, McCowan, C, Oke, J, Patterson, L, Robertson, C, Akbari, A, Azcoaga-Lorenzo, A, Bradley, DT, Fagbamigbe, AF, Grange, Z, Hall, ECR, Joy, M, Katikireddi, SV, Kerr, S, Ritchie, L, Murphy, S, Owen, RK, Rudan, I, Shah, SA, Simpson, CR, Torabi, F, Tsang, RSM, de Lusignan, S, Lyons, RA, O'Reilly, D, Sheikh, A

“…Older adults (≥80 years vs 18–49 years; aRR 3·60 [95% CI 3·45–3·75]), those with comorbidities (≥5 comorbidities vs none; 9·51 [9·07–9·97]), being male (male vs female; 1·23 [1·20–1·26]), and those with certain underlying health conditions—in particular, individuals receiving immunosuppressants (yes vs no; 5·80 [5·53–6·09])—and those with chronic kidney disease (stage 5 vs no; 3·71 [2·90–4·74]) remained at high risk despite the initial booster. …”

Risk prediction of covid-19 related death or hospital admission in adults testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron wave in England (QCOVID4): cohort study av Hippisley-Cox, J, Khunti, K, Sheikh, A, Nguyen-Van-Tam, JS, Coupland, CAC

“…QCOVID4 performed well and could be used for targeting treatments for covid-19 disease.</p>…”

Effect of ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor GSK2330672 on pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover, phase 2a study av Hegade, VS, Kendrick, SFW, Dobbins, RL, Miller, SR, Thompson, D, Richards, D, Storey, J, Dukes, GE, Corrigan, M, Elferink, RPJ, Beuers, U, Hirschfield, GM, Jones, DE

“…<p><strong>Background</strong> Up to 70% of patients with primary biliary cholangitis develop pruritus (itch) during the course of their disease. Treatment of pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis is challenging and novel therapies are needed. …”

The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for open angle glaucoma: a systematic review and economic evaluation. av Burr, J, Mowatt, G, Hernández, R, Siddiqui, M, Cook, J, Lourenco, T, Ramsay, C, Vale, L, Fraser, C, Azuara-Blanco, A, Deeks, J, Cairns, J, Wormald, R, McPherson, S, Rabindranath, K, Grant, A

“…Extrapolating from this, and assuming accelerated progression with advancing disease severity, without treatment the mean time to blindness in at least one eye was approximately 23 years, compared to 35 years with treatment. …”

Epidemiological, social, diagnostic and economic evaluation of population screening for genital chlamydial infection. av Low, N, McCarthy, A, Macleod, J, Salisbury, C, Campbell, R, Roberts, T, Horner, P, Skidmore, S, Sterne, J, Sanford, E, Ibrahim, F, Holloway, A, Patel, R, Barton, P, Robinson, S, Mills, N, Graham, A, Herring, A, Caul, E, Davey Smith, G, Hobbs, F, Ross, J, Egger, M

“…If estimated screening uptake and pelvic inflammatory disease incidence were increased, the cost-effectiveness ratio fell to 3700 pounds/major outcome averted. …”

Gemcitabine-based or capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (SCALOP): a multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial. av Mukherjee, S, Hurt, C, Bridgewater, J, Falk, S, Cummins, S, Wasan, H, Crosby, T, Jephcott, C, Roy, R, Radhakrishna, G, McDonald, A, Ray, R, Joseph, G, Staffurth, J, Abrams, R, Griffiths, G, Maughan, T

“…After 12 weeks of induction gemcitabine and capecitabine chemotherapy (three cycles of gemcitabine [1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15 of a 28-day cycle] and capecitabine [830 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle]), patients with stable or responding disease, tumour diameter of 6 cm or less, and WHO performance status 0-1 were randomly assigned to receive a further cycle of gemcitabine and capecitabine chemotherapy followed by either gemcitabine (300 mg/m(2) once per week) or capecitabine (830 mg/m(2) twice daily, Monday to Friday only), both in combination with radiation (50·4 Gy in 28 fractions). …”

30-day mortality after systemic anticancer treatment for breast and lung cancer in England: a population-based, observational study av Wallington, M, Saxon, E, Bomb, M, Smittenaar, R, Wickenden, M, McPhail, S, Rashbass, J, Chao, D, Dewar, J, Talbot, D, Peake, M, Perren, T, Wilson, C, Dodwell, D

“…The aim of this first study based on the SACT dataset was to establish national 30-day mortality benchmarks for breast and lung cancer patients receiving SACT in England, and to start to identify where patient care could be improved.In this population-based study, we included all women with breast cancer and all men and women with lung cancer residing in England, who were 24 years or older and who started a cycle of SACT in 2014 irrespective of the number of previous treatment cycles or programmes, and irrespective of their position within the disease trajectory. We calculated 30-day mortality after the most recent cycle of SACT for those patients. …”

Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials av Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group

“…The proportional mortality reductions were similar for women with node-positive and node-negative disease, but the absolute mortality reductions were greater in node-positive women. …”

Factors associated with suicide risk among Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million individuals av Yu, R, Chen, Y, Li, L, Chen, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Lv, J, Yu, C, Xie, X, Huang, D, Chen, Z, Fazel, S

“…<br> <strong>Methods and findings</strong> We conducted a prospective study, the China Kadoorie Biobank, of 512,715 individuals (41% men, mean age 52 years) from 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) areas which are diverse across China in geographic locations, social economic developmental stages, and prevalence of disease patterns. After the baseline measurements of risk factors during 2004 to 2008, participants were followed up for suicide outcomes including suicide and possible suicide deaths. …”

Identifying counties at risk of high overdose mortality burden throughout the emerging fentanyl epidemic in the United States: a predictive statistical modeling study av Marks, C, Abramovitz, D, Donnelly, C, Carrasco-Escobar, G, Carrasco-Hernandez, R, Ciccarone, D, González-Izquierdo, A, Martin, NK, Strathdee, SA, Smith, DM, Bórquez, A

“…The crude number of county-level overdose deaths was extracted from restricted US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mortality records. …”

Survival among people with heart failure and atrial fibrillation; a population cohort study  av Jones, N, Smith, M, Lay-Flurrie, S, Roalfe, AK, Yang, Y, Hobbs, FDR, Taylor, CJ

“…We also report a Cox regression model for risk of all-cause mortality among people with HF and AF, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status and comorbid cardiovascular disease.<br><strong> Results<br></strong> There were 314,042 deaths during the study follow-up. …”

Children and the Millennium Development Goals: fragile gains and deep inequalities av Dornan, P

“…As the UN Secretary General described: "They are the world’s quantified, time-bound targets for addressing extreme poverty, hunger and disease, and for promoting gender equality, education and environmental sustainability. …”

Risk factors for dislocation after primary total hip replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 125 studies involving approximately five million hip replacements av Kunutsor, SK, Barrett, MC, Beswick, AD, Judge, A, Blom, AW, Wylde, V, Whitehouse, MR

“…Medical factors and those related to surgical history that were significantly associated with increased dislocation risk included neurological disorder, psychiatric disease, comorbidity indices, previous surgery including spinal fusion, and surgical indications including avascular necrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, and osteonecrosis. …”

Analysis of the IgE network: Inhibition of CD23-mediated IgE upregulation and CD21/C3d interaction av Yahya, M, MOHD NORHAKIM YAHYA

“…</p><p>Part 3: The interaction between C3d and CD21</p><p>The interaction between C3d and CD21 is believed to be a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune response, and is thought to be pivotal in the initiation of autoimmune disease. Following from previous studies on this interaction, further characterisations were performed using NMR and ITC to confirm the involved sites on CD21 (SCR1-2) in binding to C3d. …”

Using data from the 100,000 Genomes Project to resolve conflicting interpretations of a recurrent TUBB2A mutation av Ragoussis, V, Pagnamenta, AT, Haines, RL, Giacopuzzi, E, McClatchey, MA, Sampson, JR, Suri, M, Gardham, A, Cobben, J-M, Osio, D, Fry, AE, Genomics England Research Consortium, Taylor, JC

“…In the remaining cases which spanned non-specific disease phenotypes, low allelic ratios (1%–19%) suggest recurrent mismapping artefacts. …”