Why public ownership? Urban utilities in London, 1870-1914 by Schapiro, R, Schapiro, R

“…Politicians faced high costs if they used public utilities for personal gain, but the electoral system meant that utilities could be to court an increasingly strong working class and trade union vote.…”

Parties, factions and votes: a comparative study of electoral politics in post-colonial Namibia by Cooper, I, Ian Cooper

“…</p> <p>First, it builds upon existing party system research to demonstrate that Namibia’s opposition vote is characterised by acute volatility and attributes this phenomenon to weak parties, salient ethnic identities and a permissive electoral system, all of which serve to encourage party fragmentation. …”

A minority's agency: class, confession, and the quandaries of Muslim India, 1947-c. 1977 by Anil, P

“…India’s Muslims, I document, had to contend with discrimination in the services, an electoral system that deprived them of commensurate representation, riots in which they accounted for most of the fatalities, a securitisation regime in the borderlands that dispossessed and disenfranchised them, and, a fortiori, an unresponsive leadership. …”

From old socialists to new democrats by Hyde, S, Hyde, Sarah Jane

“…Simultaneously, they were also losing members so mobilisation of voters for the left also declined. Finally, a new electoral system did not reward the opposition as much as the LDP.…”

Essays on electoral institutions by Carella, L

“…Do electoral systems matter for the outcomes of democratic politics beyond their well-known relationship to party systems? …”

Liberal democracy, competition, and the institutional limits of markets by Agmon, S

“…<p>This thesis addresses a particular class of problems affecting liberal democracies worldwide, namely, that some of their most central institutions—the electoral system, the legal system, and the free press—are undermined by their partial or complete subordination to the market. …”

Japan – U.S. Relations under the Abe Doctrine: Shifting Policy in East Asia Regional Stability by Manurung, Hendra

“…It justified Abe for calling the national elections a year earlier than needed to secure a public mandate for addressing the growing North Korean threat and to validate popular support for deepening national economic reforms, which have had recent success in boosting Japan’s growth rate and the stock market.Still the outcome gave Abe a mandate for his policies.However, his stewardship was unclear as several other factors contributed to LDP’s overwhelming victory.At the structural level, Japan’s first past the post-electoral system tends to amplify electoral wins in comparison to proportional representation systems. …”
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Bolivia: nuevo sistema electoral presidencial y coordinación política de los partidos by Mario Torrico

“…Abstract   This article analyzes the incentives generated by presidential electoral systems in Bolivia. The system that was in place until 2005 led to the formation of coalition governments that aimed at giving the Executive the majority in Congress. …”
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Consideraciones sociojurídicas sobre participación ciudadana y 'democracia abierta': especial referencia a las nuevas perspectivas de profundización democrática en Canarias (Socio-... by Juan Ramón Rodríguez-Drincourt

“…In the Canary Islands, the Statute of Autonomy articulated an unfair electoral system. The article refers to the socio-legal changes that have taken place in the last few years. …”
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Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia: Transformation and Development in the OSCE Region, edited by Anja Mihr, Paolo Sorbello, and Brigitte Weiffen. Springer, Cham. 2023. XVII, 4... by Syuzanna Barseghyan, Svetlana Jilavyan

“…The authors of various topics compare the current stage in the development of democracy, which has significant shortcomings, crises of political identity, parliamentarism, the electoral system, etc. This, in turn, leads to the need to concentrate volitional and power efforts in a strictly defined direction in order to resolve the problems and contradictions that have developed in the Eurasian society. …”
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WHAT IS «DEFECTIVE DEMOCRACIES» AND WHAT THEY ARE by О. І. Романюк

“…The article examines the subtypes of defective democracies, namely: Exclusive democracy that excludes some groups and/or individuals from the demo- cratic electoral system; Enclave democracy under which certain segments of democratic governance are con- trolled by private forces; Illiberal democracy, within which there are some violations of group rights and indi- vidual freedoms in favor of the social majority; Delegative democracy which violates the system of checks and balances and the ex- ecutive takes precedence over legislative and judicial. …”
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Institutional mistrust and child vaccination coverage in Africa by Nik Stoop, Kalle Hirvonen, Jean-Francois Maystadt

“…Based on a principal component analysis, we constructed an institutional mistrust index that combined the level of mistrust in the head of state, parliament, electoral system, courts and local government. Associations between institutional mistrust and child vaccination uptake were assessed with multivariable fixed effects logistic regressions that controlled for time-invariant subnational region characteristics and various child, caregiver, household and community characteristics.Results A 1 SD increase in the institutional mistrust index was associated with a 10% (95% CI of ORs: 1.03 to 1.18) increase in the likelihood that a child had not received any of eight basic vaccines and with a 6% decrease in the likelihood a child had received all of the basic vaccines (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.97). …”
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Memperkuat Prinsip Pemilu yang Teratur, Bebas, dan Adil Melalui Pengujian Konstitusionalitas Undang-Undang by Pan Mohamad Faiz

“…It concludes that the Constitutional Court has established legal policies concerning electoral system in Indonesia and other related implementing regulations. …”
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Apoyo(s) parlamentario(s) antes que gobierno(s) de coalición. El caso español: 1993-1996 y 1996-2000 Apoyo(s) parlamentario(s) antes que gobierno(s) de coalición. El caso español:... by Enrique Guerrero Salom

“…Based on the formation of minority governments in Spain in 1993 and 1996, this paper analyses the implications of the persistence of historical fractures, the yield of the electoral system, the rules for the formation, continuity and removal of the government and the decision to opt for such governments as the most rational choice for their actors.…”
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Democratization and the development of Japan's uneven welfare state by Shimabukuro, Yumiko T

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Unpacking diversity: barriers and incentives to standing for elections to the National Assembly for Wales by Scully, Roger, Diana, Stirbu, Huw, Pritchard, Nye, Davies, Jac, Larner

“…Cultural, structural, and political factors, in terms of candidate selection and the electoral system and process were also seen as barriers to diverse representation. …”
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Dealignment in Costa Rica by Sánchez, F, Sánchez, Fernando F.

“…Part II contextualises the problem via a historical account of political parties' development, and an assessment of the electoral system. After analysing the main evidence of change in citizens' electoral behaviour and political attitudes, Part III characterises the process. …”

Formación de gobierno, democracia consensual y polarización de las elites: el caso vasco Formación de gobierno, democracia consensual y polarización de las elites: el caso vasco... by Consuelo Laiz Castro

“…The proportional electoral system, the multiparty system and a political culture broken into fragments give us the specific variables of the societies with deep cleavages, which should need a consensus-model of democracy. …”
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Influence of zemstvo self-government on process of national constitutionalism development in late XIX – early XX centuries by Анатолій Іванович Козаченко

“…To democratize zemstvo self-government, the main course of zemstvo-constitutionalists’ activities consisted of the claims to the government to change the system of zemstvo bodies, reform of the electoral system, expand powers of zemstvo bodies, limit powers of local administration concerning control of zemstvo bodies’ activities.…”
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The 14th General Election, the Fall of Barisan Nasional, and Political Development in Malaysia, 1957-2018 by Muhamad M. N. Nadzri PhD

“…The main argument of this article on the breakthrough of PH to the federal government is that the opposition managed to reshape the multiparty electoral system to a “two-plus-one party system” from late 2016, which boosted the level of political competition between the two main parties in Malaysia – namely, BN and PH – in GE14. …”
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