Hepatitis B Virus Utilizes a Retrograde Trafficking Route via the Trans-Golgi Network to Avoid Lysosomal DegradationSummary by Ying-Yi Li, Kazuyuki Kuroki, Tetsuro Shimakami, Kazuhisa Murai, Kazunori Kawaguchi, Takayoshi Shirasaki, Kouki Nio, Saiho Sugimoto, Tomoki Nishikawa, Hikari Okada, Noriaki Orita, Hideo Takayama, Ying Wang, Phuong Doan Thi Bich, Astuya Ishida, Sadahiro Iwabuchi, Shinichi Hashimoto, Takeshi Shimaoka, Noriko Tabata, Miho Watanabe-Takahashi, Kiyotaka Nishikawa, Hiroshi Yanagawa, Motoharu Seiki, Kouji Matsushima, Taro Yamashita, Shuichi Kaneko, Masao Honda

“…Interestingly, DOCK11 functionally associated with retrograde trafficking proteins in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), Arf-GAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat, and pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein 2 (AGAP2), and ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), together with HBV capsid, to open an alternative retrograde trafficking route for HBV from early endosomes (EEs) to the TGN and then to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby avoiding lysosomal degradation. …”
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Hepatitis C virus replication requires integrity of mitochondria-associated ER membranes by Sarah Duponchel, Lea Monnier, Jennifer Molle, Nadia Bendridi, Muhammad Rizwan Alam, Ahmed Gaballah, Boyan Grigorov, Alexander Ivanov, Marcel Schmiel, Margarete Odenthal, Michel Ovize, Jennifer Rieusset, Fabien Zoulim, Birke Bartosch

“…Results: Several HCV proteins were found to associate with mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), the points of contact between the ER and mitochondria. …”
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Atypical peripheral actin band formation via overactivation of RhoA and nonmuscle myosin II in mitofusin 2-deficient cells by Yueyang Wang, Lee D Troughton, Fan Xu, Aritra Chatterjee, Chang Ding, Han Zhao, Laura P Cifuentes, Ryan B Wagner, Tianqi Wang, Shelly Tan, Jingjuan Chen, Linlin Li, David Umulis, Shihuan Kuang, Daniel M Suter, Chongli Yuan, Deva Chan, Fang Huang, Patrick W Oakes, Qing Deng

“…Increased cytosolic Ca2+ resulting from the loss of Mfn2 is directly responsible for this phenotype, which can be rescued by expressing an artificial tether to bring mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum to close vicinity. Elevated cytosolic Ca2+ activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, RhoA, and myosin light-chain kinase, causing an overactivation of nonmuscle myosin II, leading to a formation of a prominent F-actin ring at the cell periphery and increased cell contractility. …”
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Inhibition of signal peptidase complex expression affects the development and survival of Schistosoma japonicum by Wen-Bin Yang, Wen-Bin Yang, Wen-Bin Yang, Fang Luo, Fang Luo, Wei Zhang, Wei Zhang, Cheng-Song Sun, Cong Tan, Cong Tan, Cong Tan, An Zhou, An Zhou, Wei Hu, Wei Hu, Wei Hu

“…Protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is vital to the subsequent localization of secretory and transmembrane proteins. …”
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SLMP53-2 Restores Wild-Type-Like Function to Mutant p53 through Hsp70: Promising Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Sara Gomes, Bartolomeo Bosco, Joana B. Loureiro, Helena Ramos, Liliana Raimundo, Joana Soares, Nair Nazareth, Valentina Barcherini, Lucília Domingues, Carla Oliveira, Alessandra Bisio, Silvano Piazza, Matthias R. Bauer, João P. Brás, Maria Inês Almeida, Célia Gomes, Flávio Reis, Alan R. Fersht, Alberto Inga, Maria M. M. Santos, Lucília Saraiva

“…In mutp53-Y220C-expressing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, SLMP53-2-induced growth inhibition was mediated by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. In these cells, SLMP53-2 restored wild-type-like conformation and DNA-binding ability of mutp53-Y220C by enhancing its interaction with the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), leading to the reestablishment of p53 transcriptional activity. …”
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Functional and miRNA regulatory characteristics of INSIG genes highlight the key role of lipid synthesis in the liver of chicken (Gallus gallus) by Yaxin Yue, Ziming Liu, Ke Zhang, Qihui Jia, Dandan Wang, Zhang Wang, Yulong Guo, Donghua Li, Ruirui Jiang, Zhuanjian Li, Yadong Tian, Xiangtao Kang, Xiaojun Liu, Hong Li

“…The results showed that chicken INSIGs located in cellular endoplasmic reticulum, and were originated from the common ancestors of their mammalian counterparts. …”
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Immunological Mechanism of Faecal Bacterial Transplantation in the Intervention of Ulcerative Colitis by WENG Jianfeng, XU Jia, LIU Peng, GE Wei, CHEN Jiaohua, PENG Yingying, HU Jiali, CUI Manman, ZHANG Leichang

“…The ultrastructural changes of intestinal tissue through transmission electron microscope, flow cytometric detection of blood helper T cell (Th) -17, Th-1, Th-2, Treg cell content changes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were observed to detect serum interferon γ (IFN-γ) , interleukin (IL) -2, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) level changes.ResultsIntestinal tissue transmission electron microscopy ultrastructure showed that the Model group was successfully modeled; the microvilli in the Model+FMT group and Model+5-ASA group were denser, with normal morphology, more goblet cells, slight swelling of mitochondria, and insignificant rough endoplasmic reticulum lesions. The Th17 cell content of the Model+FMT group was higher than that of the Control group and lower than that of the Model group; the Th17 cell content of the Model+5-ASA group was lower than that of Control group, Model group and Model+FMT group. …”
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The GRP78-PERK axis contributes to memory and synaptic impairments in Huntington's disease R6/1 mice by Marc Espina, Nadia Di Franco, Martina Brañas-Navarro, Irene Rodriguez Navarro, Veronica Brito, Laura Lopez-Molina, Carlos Costas-Insua, Manuel Guzmán, Silvia Ginés

“…Increasing evidence indicates that a key factor in neurodegenerative diseases is the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) caused by an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress). Particularly, in Huntington's disease (HD) mutant huntingtin (mHtt) toxicity involves disruption of the ER-associated degradation pathway and loss of the ER protein homeostasis leading to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. …”
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The expression profile of a multi-stress inducible transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas by Zhaoyu He, Chuanyan Yang, Dongli Jiang, Xiangbo Wang, Zhen Xing, Simiao Yu, Qian Yang, Lingling Wang

“…In immunocytochemical assay, the CgTRPV4 positive signals were distributed in both endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic membrane of oyster haemocytes. …”
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Mining synergistic genes for nutrient utilization and disease resistance in maize based on co-expression network and consensus QTLs by Bowen Luo, Bowen Luo, Bowen Luo, Jiaqian Li, Jiaqian Li, Binyang Li, Binyang Li, Haiying Zhang, Haiying Zhang, Ting Yu, Ting Yu, Guidi Zhang, Guidi Zhang, Shuhao Zhang, Shuhao Zhang, Javed Hussain Sahito, Javed Hussain Sahito, Xiao Zhang, Xiao Zhang, Dan Liu, Dan Liu, Ling Wu, Ling Wu, Duojiang Gao, Duojiang Gao, Shiqiang Gao, Shiqiang Gao, Shibin Gao, Shibin Gao, Shibin Gao

“…In addition, subcellular localization and bioinformatics analysis of the six candidate genes revealed that they were primarily expressed in endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nucleus and plasma membrane, and were involved in defense and stress, MeJA and abscisic acid response pathways. …”
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High SARS-CoV-2 tropism and activation of immune cells in the testes of non-vaccinated deceased COVID-19 patients by Guilherme M. J. Costa, Samyra M. S. N. Lacerda, André F. A. Figueiredo, Natália T. Wnuk, Marcos R. G. Brener, Lídia M. Andrade, Gabriel H. Campolina-Silva, Andrea Kauffmann-Zeh, Lucila G. G. Pacifico, Alice F. Versiani, Maísa M. Antunes, Fernanda R. Souza, Geovanni D. Cassali, André L. Caldeira-Brant, Hélio Chiarini-Garcia, Fernanda G. de Souza, Vivian V. Costa, Flavio G. da Fonseca, Maurício L. Nogueira, Guilherme R. F. Campos, Lucas M. Kangussu, Estefânia M. N. Martins, Loudiana M. Antonio, Cintia Bittar, Paula Rahal, Renato S. Aguiar, Bárbara P. Mendes, Marcela S. Procópio, Thiago P. Furtado, Yuri L. Guimaraes, Gustavo B. Menezes, Ana Martinez-Marchal, Kyle E. Orwig, Miguel Brieño-Enríquez, Marcelo H. Furtado

“…The cellular structures and viral particles, observed by transmission electron microscopy, indicated that macrophages and spermatogonial cells are the main SARS-CoV-2 lodging sites, where new virions form inside the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate complex. Moreover, we showed infiltrative infected monocytes migrating into the testicular parenchyma. …”
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Editorial : imaging synapse structure and function by Augustine, George James, Fivaz, Marc

“…Kwon et al. report on the latest advances in organelle-specific calcium sensors and review the contribution of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to calcium dynamics and synaptic transmission/plasticity. …”
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Changes of cholinesterase activity, histology and proteome of puntius javanicus liver upon exposure to copper by Mohd Khalizan Sabullah

“…Through an observation of selected hepatocyte ultrastructure (liver of treated goups with 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/l CUS04) using TEM, other abnormalities i.e. the development of pyknotic nucleus along with damaged organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum disorientation were determined. Irreversible cell injury was also determined, in which hepatic nuclei had seen to undergo for karyorrhexis with the formation of apoptotic body that consisted of free scattered damaged organelles. …”
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Intranuclear cardiac troponin I plays a functional role in regulating Atp2a2 expression in cardiomyocytes by Qian Lu, Bo Pan, Haobo Bai, Weian Zhao, Lingjuan Liu, Gu Li, Ruimin Liu, Tiewei Lv, Xupei Huang, Xi Li, Jie Tian

“…Based on weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) and verification in cell experiments, a strong expression correlation was found between TNNI3 and Atp2a2, which encodes sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase isoform 2a (SERCA2a), and involves in ATP hydrolysis and Ca2+ transient. …”
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A deficiency screen of the 3rd chromosome for dominant modifiers of the Drosophila ER integral membrane protein, Jagunal by Gerson Ascencio, Matthew A de Cruz, Judy Abuel, Sydney Alvarado, Yuma Arriaga, Emily Conrad, Alonso Castro, Katharine Eichelberger, Laura Galvan, Grace Gundy, Jorge Alberto Inojoza Garcia, Alyssa Jimenez, Nhein Tuyet Lu, Catharine Lugar, Ronald Marania, Tserendavaa Mendsaikhan, Jose Ortega, Natasha Nand, Nicole S Rodrigues, Khayla Shabazz, Cynnie Tam, Emmanuel Valenciano, Clive Hayzelden, Anthony S Eritano, Blake Riggs

“…Recently, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been shown to reorganize during mitosis, dividing asymmetrically in proneuronal cells prior to cell fate selection, indicating a programmed mechanism of inheritance. …”
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Multi-omics reveals aging-related pathway in natural aging mouse liver by Cong-min Tang, Zhen Zhang, Yan Sun, Wen-jing Ding, Xue-chun Yang, Yi-ping Song, Ming-ying Ling, Xue-hui Li, Rong Yan, Yu-jing Zheng, Na Yu, Wen-hua Zhang, Yong Wang, Shao-peng Wang, Hai-qing Gao, Chuan-li Zhao, Yan-qiu Xing

“…The increase of fibrosis, accumulation of inflammatory cells, hepatocytes degeneration, the deposition of lipid droplets and glycogen, the damaged mitochondria, and deduction of endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the aging liver under optical and electron microscopes. …”
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Triphasic regulation of ZmMs13 encoding an ABCG transporter is sequentially required for callose dissolution, pollen exine and anther cuticle formation in maize by Chaowei Fang, Suowei Wu, Canfang Niu, Quancan Hou, Xueli An, Xun Wei, Lina Zhao, Yilin Jiang, Xinze Liu, Xiangyuan Wan

“…ZmMs13 encodes a plasm membrane (PM)- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized half-size ABCG transporter (ZmABCG2a). …”
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Microstructure and Ultrastructure of the Oviducal Gland of Sepioteuthis lessoniana by Zheng WANG, Changlin LIU, Guanghai JIN, Jieming ZHAI, Lingsheng LIN, Siqing CHEN

“…The cytoplasm contained many organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus. …”
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Nogo-B mediates endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation to promote coronary atherosclerosis in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts by Yu Zhang, Jing-Jing Li, Rui Xu, Xin-Pei Wang, Xin-Yi Zhao, Yuan Fang, Yu-Peng Chen, Shan Ma, Xiao-Hui Di, Wei Wu, Gang She, Zheng-Da Pang, Yi-Dong Wang, Xing Zhang, Wenjun Xie, Xiu-Ling Deng, Xiao-Jun Du, Yi Zhang

“…Aims: Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, but the detailed mechanism remains incomplete understood. Nogo-B is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein mediating ER-mitochondrial morphology. …”
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Unlocking the effective alliance of β-lapachone and hydroxytyrosol against triple-negative breast cancer cells by Jesús Calahorra, José L. Blaya-Cánovas, Olivia Castellini-Pérez, Ernesto Aparicio-Puerta, Candela Cives-Losada, Jose J.G. Marin, Markel Rementeria, Francisca E. Cara, Araceli López-Tejada, Carmen Griñán-Lisón, Francesco Aulicino, Imre Berger, Juan A. Marchal, Violeta Delgado-Almenta, Sergio Granados-Principal

“…RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the combination's anticancer activity is linked to a strong induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis through the unfolded protein response. …”
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