Catalytic Characterization of Synthetic K⁺ and Na⁺ Sodalite Phases by Low Temperature Alkali Fusion of Kaolinite during the Transesterification of Spent Cooki... by Mohamed Adel Sayed, Jamaan S. Ajarem, Ahmed A. Allam, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Jianmin Luo, Chuanyi Wang, Stefano Bellucci

“…The essential thermodynamic functions, such as Gibb’s free energy (65.16 kJ.mol⁻¹ (Na.SD) and 65.26 kJ.mol⁻¹ (K.SD)), enthalpy (25.23 kJ.mol⁻¹ (Na.SD) and 25.55 kJ.mol⁻¹ (K.SD)), and entropy (−197.7 J.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹ (Na.SD) and −197.8 J.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹ (K.SD)), display the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the two transesterification systems.…”
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Levofloxacin Adsorption onto MWCNTs/CoFe₂O₄ Nanocomposites: Mechanism, and Modeling Using Non-Linear Kinetics and Isotherm Equations by Tariq J. Al-Musawi, Yasir Qasim Almajidi, Ethar M. Al-Essa, Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra, Enas R. Alwaily, Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh, Fatemeh Ganji, Davoud Balarak

“…To identify the phenomenon of adsorption, the thermodynamic parameters of ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated, which indicated that the nature of LFX adsorption onto MWCNTs/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposite was endothermic and spontaneous. Nine isotherm models, including four two-parameter and five three-parameter models, were investigated. …”
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Oyster shell-modified lignite composite in globular shape as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from AMD: Evaluation of adsorption properties and exploration of... by Wenbo An, Yifan Liu, He Chen, Qiqi Wang, Xuechun Hu, Junzhen Di

“…The adsorption process was a multistep controlled spontaneous endothermic process. The potential mechanism was mainly the adsorption-condensation coexistence results of electrostatic adsorption, neutralization precipitation, ion exchange, and surface complexation. …”
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A Theoretical Study of the C–X Bond Cleavage Mediated by Cob(II)Aloxime by Luis E. Seijas, Cesar H. Zambrano, Vladimir Rodríguez, Jorge Alí-Torres, Luis Rincón, F. Javier Torres

“…The reactions mediated by Co^IICbx were observed to be endothermic and possess higher activation energies in contrast to the reactions where the Co^ICbx complex is present. …”
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Synthesis, characterization, and adsorptive performance of titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified groundnut shell activated carbon on ibuprofen removal from pharmaceutical wastewa... by Idayat Adebukola Olowonyo, Kazeem Kolapo Salam, Mujidat Omolara Aremu, Agbaje Lateef

“…Based on the thermodynamic investigation of the current process, it can be concluded that the adsorption of ibuprofen by the prepared activated carbon (GNSAC and TiO2-NPs-GNSAC) was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Additionally, the adsorbent was successfully regenerated three times, and it was able to perform the adsorption and desorption processes well. …”
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Binding Affinity and Mechanism of Six PFAS with Human Serum Albumin: Insights from Multi-Spectroscopy, DFT and Molecular Dynamics Approaches by Mingguo Peng, Yang Xu, Yao Wu, Xuewen Cai, Weihua Zhang, Lu Zheng, Erdeng Du, Jiajun Fu

“…PFHpA, DFSA, PFOA, and HFPO-TA’s interactions with HSA, on the other hand, are endothermic processes primarily driven by hydrophobic interactions. …”
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Long-Lasting Electret Melt-Blown Nonwoven Functional Filters Made of Organic/Inorganixc Macromolecular Micron Materials: Manufacturing Techniques and Property Evaluations by Jia-Horng Lin, Yan-Yu Lin, Yang-Min Sue, Mei-Chen Lin, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Ching-Wen Lou

“…According to the results of DSC and FTIR measurements, PP and MMT, CNT, and TiO₂ are completely mixed, and the melting temperature (T_m), crystallization temperature (T_c) and endotherm area are changed accordingly. The difference in enthalpy of melting changes the crystallization of PP pellets, which in turn changes the fibers. …”
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Biochemical Characterization of New Gemifloxacin Schiff Base (GMFX-o-phdn) Metal Complexes and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity against Some Phyto- or Human Pathogens by Hazem S. Elshafie, Sadeek A. Sadeek, Ippolito Camele, Amira A. Mohamed

“…The obtained data from DTA curves reflect that the degradation processes were exothermic or endothermic. Results showed that some of the studied complexes exhibited promising antifungal activity against most of the tested fungal pathogens, whereas they showed higher antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>B. cereus</i> and low activity against <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. …”
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Crystallization Thermodynamics of α-Lactose Monohydrate in Different Solvents by Youliang Guan, Zujin Yang, Kui Wu, Hongbing Ji

“…The values were observed to decrease with rising temperatures, implying that α-LM dissolution is an endothermic, entropy-driven, and spontaneous process. …”
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Optimizing Adsorption of 17α-Ethinylestradiol from Water by Magnetic MXene Using Response Surface Methodology and Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamics Studies by Mengwei Xu, Chao Huang, Jing Lu, Zihan Wu, Xianxin Zhu, Hui Li, Langtao Xiao, Zhoufei Luo

“…Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Therefore, Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂ composite present the outstanding capacity to be employed in the remediation of EE2 contaminated wastewaters.…”
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Structural Evolution and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Y_xNi_2−<i>y</i>Mn<i>_y</i> (0.825 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.95, 0.1 ≤ <i>y</i> ≤ 0.3) Laves Phase Compo... by Hao Shen, Valerie Paul-Boncour, Ping Li, Lijun Jiang, Junxian Zhang

“…The heating of the amorphous hydrides leads to an endothermic desorption at first and then a recrystallization into Y(Ni, Mn)₃ and YH<i>_x</i> phases. …”
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Study on the Adsorption of CuFe₂O₄-Loaded Corncob Biochar for Pb(II) by Tianci Zhao, Xiaolong Ma, Hao Cai, Zichuan Ma, Huifeng Liang

“…The thermodynamic analyses exhibited that the adsorption reaction of the materials was endothermic and entropy-driven. The XPS and FTIR results revealed that the removal mechanism could be mainly attributed to the replacement of Pb²⁺ for H⁺ in Fe/Cu–OH and –COOH to form the inner surface complexes. …”
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Additives to reduce the flammability of polymers by Ilnaz I. Zaripov, Irina N. Vikhareva, Evgeniya A. Buylova, Tatyana V. Berestova, Aliya K. Mazitova

“…The decomposition reaction is endothermic, resulting in cooling of the substrate to temperatures below the flash point. …”
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Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Corn Starch Films for Sustainable Food Packaging by Optimizing Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Andra-Ionela Ghizdareanu, Alexandra Banu, Diana Pasarin, Andreea Ionita (Afilipoaei), Cristian-Andi Nicolae, Augusta Raluca Gabor, Delia Pătroi

“…The control sample had a higher melting point than the hydrolyzed corn starch film, as indicated by the significant difference in the temperature of the first endothermic event between the two films. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of the hydrolyzed corn starch film showed intermediate surface roughness. …”
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Evaluation of Clavulanic Acid Adsorption in MgAl-Layered Double Hydroxides: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies by Marcus Bruno Soares Forte, Élen Cristina Luna Elias, Heloise O. Pastore, Francisco Maugeri Filho, Maria Isabel Rodrigues

“…The positive value of ΔH 0 confirmed the endothermic nature of clavulanic acid adsorption onto HT70c hydrotalcites, which was considered to be mass transport reaction-controlled process.…”
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Limonite as a Natural Adsorbent for the Removal of Antimony(III) from an Aqueous Solution by Haicui Luo, Yuefei Zhou, Yan Chen, Qiaoqin Xie, Tianhu Chen

“…All adsorptions except for Y1 (ΔH < 0, exothermic reaction) are endothermic reactions (ΔH > 0). Antimony adsorption is independent of solution pH for Mn-free limonites but is negatively related to solution pH for Mn-containing limonites. …”
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Simultaneous Removal of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ by Modified Wheat Straw Biochar from Aqueous Solution: Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Mec... by Yangyang Wang, Kaixuan Zheng, Zhiqiang Jiao, Wenhao Zhan, Shiji Ge, Shaopeng Ning, Shiyuan Fang, Xinling Ruan

“…Adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ by BC and HNC was a spontaneous endothermic process. The competitive adsorption of mixed metal ions (Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺) revealed that HNC was more preferential to adsorb Cu²⁺ compared with Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺. …”
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Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions by pomelo peel derived biochar in a permeable reactive barrier: modelling, optimization and mechanism by Gang Xiang, Shengxing Long, Huijuan Liu, Xianliang Wu

“…The adsorption process of Cd(II) by the prepared biochar was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy driven. Our results suggest that the modified pomelo peel derived biochar can be regenerated within the fourth cycle and that it has application prospects as a useful adsorbent for water treatment in PRB systems. …”
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Systematic Evaluation for the Impact of the Geological Conditions on the Adsorption Affinities of Calcite as an Adsorbent of Zn²⁺ Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Experiment... by Nourhan Nasser, Mohamed I. El-Sayed, Sarah I. Othman, Ahmed A. Allam, Ibrahim G. Al-Labadi, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Stefano Bellucci

“…The thermodynamic properties were illustrated on the basis of the internal energy, free enthalpy, and entropy functions, which validate the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the Zn (II) retention system by the three calcite samples.…”
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A Novel Hydro-Thermal Synthesis of Nano-Structured Molybdenum-Iron Intermetallic Alloys at Relatively Low Temperatures by A. A. El-Geassy, K. S. Abdel Halim, Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi

“…The DSC heat flow profile showed the presence of endothermic peaks at 196.9 and 392.5–400 °C during the thermal decomposition of the AHM and ferrous oxalate, respectively. …”
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