Optimization of an experimental study of cationic Pb metal adsorption by resin polymer by Jaouad Bensalah, Ghizlane Doumane, Oumayma Iraqi, Ahmed A. Elhenawy, Hanae Ouaddari, Mohammad K. Okla, Hiba-Allah Nafidi, Youssouf Ali younous, Mohammed Bourhia, Amar Habsaoui

“…These values indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous, further emphasizing its impetuous nature. …”
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Ammonia removal from aqueous solution using modified oil palm empty fruit bunches based adsorbent by Lee, Ricky, Nyuk San

“…Thermodynamic parameter ( , and ) studies showed that the biosorption ammonia nitrogen onto modified EFB was predicted to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature. These modified fresh EFB were applied into urban drainage at Kampung Sembulan Lama, Kota Kinabalu for 7 days and the recovery of ammonia nitrogen recovered by Cymbopogon citrus plant growth. …”
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Removal of Basic and Reactive Dyes by Sorption Using Ethylenediamine-Modified Rice Hull by Ong, Siew Teng

“…The sorption of BB3 and RO16 from single and binary dye solution was found to be endothermic and exothermic, respectively. The kinetics of dye sorption fitted a pseudo-second order rate expression. …”
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Enzymatic directed interesterification of palm oil for production of highly unsaturated palm fraction by Habi Mat Dian, Noor Lida

“…Differential Scanning Calorimetry melting profile showed that the EDIE PO had two well-separated high-melting and low-melting endothermic peaks, indicating ease of fractionation. …”
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Adsorption of lead from aqueous solution using modified activated carbon prepared from palm kernel shell by Akaangee, Pam Aloysius

“…The adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature and the data fitted the pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. …”
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Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by natural and chemically modified pineapple plant stem by Loh, Vivian Zing Ting

“…The increase of temperature lowered the adsorption capacities of NPPS and OAPPS for Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions but enhanced the Pb(II) adsorption, suggested that Pb(II) adsorption is endothermic while Cu(II) and Cd(II) adsorption are exothermic reactions in nature. …”
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Extraction of lipids and eicosapentaenoic acid from Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass using ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction method by Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei

“…The values of thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH) of +403.0557 (kJ/mol.K), and entropy change (ΔS) of + 0.1485 (kJ/mol.K) indicate that this process is endothermic, irreversible, and spontaneous, respectively. …”
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Synthesis And Interaction Mechanism Of Zwitterionic Adsorbent Coating For Cationic And Anionic Dyes Removal by Azha, Syahida Farhan

“…Thermodynamic studies also revealed that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic process. The current study discovered the potential of ZwitAd as a feasible and practical coating adsorbent for future wastewater treatment technology.…”
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Horse manure derived biofuel production via microwave induced pyrolysis by Mong, Guo Ren

“…Such a decomposition process was found to be endothermic and endergonic in nature, giving an activation energy of approximately 148.5-300.1 kJ/mol. …”
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Microbial community profiling of arsenic-rich mine tailing and arsenic bioadsorption by indigenous bacteria by Wahid Ali Hamood, Al-Towayti

“…S° revealed that the adsorptions of both As (III) and As (V) were spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. FESEM-EDX analysis established diverse cell morphological changes with significant amounts of arsenic adsorbed onto biomass compared to original biomass. …”
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One-step synthesis and adsorptive characteristics of composite magnetic activated carbon for rhodamine B removal by Lee, Lin Zhi

“…The positive values of enthalpy change and entropy change indicate that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous at high temperature. The activation energy of 24.1 - 28.9 kJ/mol suggested that the adsorption of RB onto ZMAC-2.5 is a physisorption process. …”
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Age-Related Properties of Aquaponics-Derived Tilapia Skin (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>): A Structural and Compositional Study by Nunzia Gallo, Alberta Terzi, Teresa Sibillano, Cinzia Giannini, Annalia Masi, Alessandro Sicuro, Federica Stella Blasi, Angelo Corallo, Antonio Pennetta, Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto, Francesco Montagna, Alfonso Maffezzoli, Alessandro Sannino, Luca Salvatore

“…Thermal analysis registered a shift of the endothermic peak (+1.7 °C) and an increase in the enthalpy (+3.3 J/g), while mechanical properties were found to be anisotropic, with an age-dependent brittle behavior. …”
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A Magnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for High-Efficiency Detoxification of Aflatoxin B₁ by Chushu Zhang, Haixiang Zhou, Shining Cao, Jing Chen, Chunjuan Qu, Yueyi Tang, Mian Wang, Lifei Zhu, Xiaoyue Liu, Jiancheng Zhang

“…Moreover, the results of isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic analyses indicated that the adsorption of AFB₁ by Fe₃O₄@rGO conformed to the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 82.64 mg·g⁻¹; the rapid and efficient adsorption of AFB₁ occurred mainly through chemical adsorption via a spontaneous endothermic process. When applied to treat vegetable oil and peanut milk, the prepared material minimized the loss of nutrients and thus preserved food quality. (4) Conclusions: The above findings reveal a promising adsorbent, Fe₃O₄@rGO, with favorable properties for AFB₁ adsorption and potential for food safety applications.…”
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Study of the Effectiveness of Alumina and HDTMA/Alumina Composite in the Removal of Para-Nitrophenol and the Deactivation of Bacterial Effect of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <... by Mustapha Aazza, Chadia Mounir, Hammou Ahlafi, Hamou Moussout, Aziz Bouymajane, Mounia Chroho, Filippo Giarratana, Luca Nalbone, Francesco Cacciola

“…Physical adsorption of p-NP onto the adsorbents proved to be an endothermic and spontaneous process at high temperatures, which mainly involves a hydrogen bonding mechanism of interactions between p-NP and functional groups of adsorbents. …”
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Structural, Spectroscopic, and Thermal Decomposition Features of [Carbonatotetraamminecobalt(III)] Iodide—Insight into the Simultaneous Solid-Phase Quasi-Intramolecular Redox React... by Kende Attila Béres, Fanni Szilágyi, Zoltán Homonnay, Zsolt Dürvanger, Laura Bereczki, László Trif, Vladimir M. Petruševski, Attila Farkas, Niloofar Bayat, László Kótai

“…The C-N bond containing intermediates reduced Co₃O₄ into CoO and Co, whereas in oxygen-containing atmosphere, the end-product was Co₃O₄, even at 200 °C, and the endothermic ligand loss reaction coincided with the consecutive exothermic oxidation processes.…”
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Diversity of Solid Forms Promoted by Ball Milling: Characterization and Intrinsic Dissolution Studies of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride and Fluvastatin Sodium Drug–Drug Systems by Marco Villeda-Villegas, José C. Páez-Franco, Guadalupe Coyote-Dotor, Alejandra Núñez-Pineda, Alejandro Dorazco-González, Inés Fuentes-Noriega, Kenneth Rubio-Carrasco, Helen P. Toledo Jaldín, David Morales-Morales, Juan Manuel Germán-Acacio

“…By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the presence of two endothermic events was observed in this screening: incongruous melting point (solidus) and excess of one of the components (liquidus), except in the 1:1 solid form. …”
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Process Optimization and Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Modeling of Toxic Congo Red Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Using a Copper Ferrite Nanocomposite Adsorbent by Vairavel Parimelazhagan, Akhil Chinta, Gaurav Ganesh Shetty, Srinivasulu Maddasani, Wei-Lung Tseng, Jayashree Ethiraj, Ganeshraja Ayyakannu Sundaram, Alagarsamy Santhana Krishna Kumar

“…Considering the obtained negative ΔG and positive ΔH_ads and ΔS_ads values across all tested temperatures in the thermodynamic investigations, it was confirmed that the adsorption process was characterized as endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible, with an increased level of randomness. …”
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The cultivation of immobilized chlorella vulgaris in different culture medium for biodiesel production by Nur Hanani, Rushan

“…Both enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) indicate positive value whereas the negative value of Gibbs energy (ΔG) indicates that this process is endothermic, irreversible and spontaneous. The research findings show that the BBM was more effective in culturing process and the applicability of the matric systems of SA+GT made a new structure that improve the oil production than using single matric. …”
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Thermochemical Performance Analysis of the Steam Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Membrane Reformer: A Modelling and Simulation Study by João Paulo Fernando de Medeiros, Vitória da Fonseca Dias, José Marcelo da Silva, Jornandes Dias da Silva

“…When the H₂O/CH₄ ratio decreases in PBMR, the Endothermic Reaction Temperature (ERT) is notably increased (998.32 K) at the outlet of the PBMR’s reaction zone. …”
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Polymer-Based Nano-Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead Ions: Kinetics Studies and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology by Abdullahi Haruna Birniwa, Sana Kehili, Mujahid Ali, Haruna Musa, Umar Ali, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Shehu Sa’ad Abdullahi, Elsayed Mohamed Tag-Eldin, Habibun Nabi Muhammad Ekramul Mahmud

“…Studying the thermodynamic showed that the adsorption was endothermic as illustrated from the positive value of value of ΔH° is 1.439 kJ/mol which indicates that the uptake of Pb²⁺ onto nanoadsorbent PPy-PEI could be attributed to a physical adsorption process. …”
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