Thermal conversion of irradiated LLDPE waste into sustainable sponge-like compounds: a novel approach for efficient trace-level oil–water removal by Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy, H. M. Gayed

“…The DSC demonstrates altered thermal properties, with a melting point at 121 °C splitting into two peaks (endothermic at 117 °C and exothermic at 160 °C). The exothermic peaks signify the curing process of the sponge-like material. …”
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Green Carbon Composite-Derived Polymer Resin and Waste Cotton Fibers for the Removal of Alizarin Red S Dye by Béchir Wanassi, Ichrak Ben Hariz, Camélia Matei Ghimbeu, Cyril Vaulot, Mejdi Jeguirim

“…The adsorption and desorption heat was assessed by flow micro-calorimetry (FMC), and the presence of both exothermic and endothermic peaks with different intensity was evidenced, meaning a partially reversible nature of ARS adsorption. …”
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Removal of Nickel from Aqueous Solutions by Natural Bentonites from Slovakia by Matej Šuránek, Zuzana Melichová, Valéria Kureková, Ljiljana Kljajević, Snežana Nenadović

“…The adsorption of Ni(II) by bentonite samples was an endothermic and spontaneous process. These results indicated that, of the bentonite samples used, the natural bentonites from JP and SK were most suitable for the removal of nickel from synthetically prepared solutions.…”
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Removal of amoxicillin from contaminated water using modified bentonite as a reactive material by Alaa K. Mohammed, Sara M. Saadoon, Ziad T. Abd Ali, Israa M. Rashid, Nadya Hussin AL Sbani

“…Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was physisorption and endothermic. Finally, the modified bentonite proved to be a good adsorbent for the removal of amoxicillin from contaminated solutions.…”
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Effect of the Degree of Hydrolysis on Nutritional, Functional, and Morphological Characteristics of Protein Hydrolysate Produced from Bighead Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i... by Kamal Alahmad, Wenshui Xia, Qixing Jiang, Yanshun Xu

“…The thermal degradation of hydrolysates occurred from 160 to 168 °C with intensive endothermic peaks. Results revealed that oil holding capacity was higher at DH 13.36%; water holding capacity was higher when DH increased. …”
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Process thermodynamic, kinetics and statistical analysis of Gmelina arborea seed oil extraction as clean environmental friendly industrial base-oil by Chinedu M. Agu, Charles C. Orakwue, Kingsley A. Ani, Albert C. Agulanna, Goziya W. Dzarma

“…ΔG = −570.32KJ/mol, ΔS = 18.35 KJ/mol, and ΔH = 5433.57 KJ/mol values indicate spontaneous, irreversible, and endothermic, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc analyses showed that time and particle size effects were significant, while temperature was not. …”
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Experimental and theoretical evaluation of Aspirin as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium by Alexander I. Ikeuba, Omang B. John, Victoria M. Bassey, Hitler Louis, Augustine U. Agobi, Joseph E. Ntibi, Fredrick C. Asogwa

“…The trend in activation energy, Ea and the enthalpy of activation, ΔH indicate that the corrosion process is endothermic, the entropy of activation, ΔS shows that the process is spontaneous. …”
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Solubility of Amino Acids in the Eutectic Solvent Constituted by Sodium Acetate Trihydrate and Urea and in Its Mixture with Water by Cristina Gallego, Héctor Rodríguez, Ana Soto

“…All the dissolution processes studied herein are endothermic, non-spontaneous, and enthalpy-driven. Both the eutectic and its mixture with water are promising solvents for the design of an environmentally benign process for collagen extraction.…”
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Adsorption of Cadmium Ions from an Aqueous Solution on a Highly Stable Dopamine-Modified Magnetic Nano-Adsorbent by Ting Lei, Sheng-Jian Li, Fang Jiang, Zi-Xuan Ren, Li-Lian Wang, Xiang-Jun Yang, Li-Hong Tang, Shi-Xiong Wang

“…The thermodynamic parameters revealed that adsorption is inherently endothermic and spontaneous. Results obtained from the adsorption–desorption cycles revealed that Fe3O4@PDA exhibits ultra-high adsorption stability and reusability. …”
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Removal of lead and cadmium with an optimized composite of expanded graphite/g-C3N4/phenylenediamine by Mahboobeh Zarei, Majid Baghdadi, Fatemeh Yazdian, Nasser Mehrdadi

“…Furthermore, the results of thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous process. A series of regeneration experiments (5 cycles) was directed to evaluate the adsorbent reusability. …”
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Removal of Ni(II) Ions by Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Al₂O₃ Nanocomposite Film via Laser Ablation in Liquid by Fatemah H. Alkallas, Hoda A. Ahmed, Tahani A. Alrebdi, Rami Adel Pashameah, Salhah H. Alrefaee, Emaan Alsubhe, Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi, Ayman M. Mostafa, Eman A. Mwafy

“…The results showed that the adsorption was increased when pH was 5.3, and the process was initially relatively quick, with maximum adsorption detected within 90 min of contact time with the endothermic sorption process. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics (k₂ = 9.9 × 10⁻⁴ g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹) exhibited greater agreement than that of the pseudo-first-order. …”
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Assessment of Cu(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Modified Pomelo Peels: Experiments and Modelling by Ruixue Zhang, Mengqing Jiao, Nan Zhao, Johan Jacquemin, Yinqin Zhang, Honglai Liu

“…Thermodynamic parameters associated to the biosorption clearly demonstrate that this biosorption is thermodynamically feasible, endothermic, spontaneous and entropy driven. Furthermore, adsorption kinetic data were found to fit very well with the pseudo-second order kinetics equation, highlighting that this process is driven by a chemical adsorption. …”
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Dehydrogenation of Metal Hydride Reactor-Phase Change Materials Coupled with Light-Duty Fuel Cell Vehicles by Serge Nyallang Nyamsi, Ivan Tolj, Michał Jan Gęca

“…The results showed that the MHR-PCM could supply hydrogen at 12 NL/min only for 20 min maximum due to the significant endothermic effect occurring in the MHR. However, reducing the requested H₂ flowrate to 5.5 NL/min, the hydrogen desorption to a fuel cell is prolonged to 79 min. …”
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Conceptual Design Development of a Fuel-Reforming System for Fuel Cells in Underwater Vehicles by Seung-Kyo Jung, Won-Sim Cha, Yeong-In Park, Shin-Hyung Kim, Jungho Choi

“…At high separation efficiency, the reforming efficiency increased due to the reduction of reactants, and a rate at which energy is consumed for endothermic reactions also decreased, resulting in a lower CO₂ generation amount.…”
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Preparation and Characterization of a New Bis-Uracil Chitosan-Based Hydrogel as Efficient Adsorbent for Removal of Anionic Congo Red Dye by Rana A. Alharbi, Fahad M. Alminderej, Nouf F. Al-Harby, Noura Y. Elmehbad, Nadia A. Mohamed

“…The thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption process was endothermic because of the positive value of enthalpy (43.70 kJ mol⁻¹). …”
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Green Chemical Oxidation Using Iron Nanoparticles for Removal of Azo Dye in Simulated Wastewater: Kinetics and Thermodynamics by Ahmed K. Hassan, Mahdy S. Jaafar, Luay Q. Hashim, Ahmed M. Rezooqi, Mohammed F. Hashim

“…The results obtained indicate that the Fenton-like process of EBBR dye was spontaneous and endothermic.…”
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Facile synthesis of zero valent iron and photocatalytic application for the degradation of dyes by Haq N Bhatti, Zunaira Iram, Munawar Iqbal, Jan Nisar, M I Khan

“…Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery kinetic model and thermodynamic study revealed the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the process. Results revealed that ZVI has potential to degrade the dyes and could possibly be used for the degradation of dyes in wastewater.…”
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Analysis of influencing factors of phenanthrene adsorption by different soils in Guanzhong basin based on response surface method by Hua Tian, Qing Zhang, Xue Tian, Zu-feng Xie, Fang Pu, Qian-ji Wang

“…The thermodynamic results show that the adsorption of phenanthrene by soil is spontaneous and endothermic, and the desorption is spontaneous and exothermic. …”
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Preparation of Aminated Sodium Lignosulfonate and Efficient Adsorption of Methyl Blue Dye by Li-Zhu Huo, Chao-Fei Guo, Zhu-Xiang Gong, Hao Xu, Xue-Juan Yang, Yu-Xuan Wang, Xi-Ping Luo

“…The adsorption process was determined to be spontaneous and endothermic. Following five adsorption cycles, the adsorption capacity exhibited a minimal reduction from 118.99 mg g⁻¹ to 114.33 mg g⁻¹, indicating good stability. …”
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Rapid Room-Temperature Preparation of Hierarchically Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Uranium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Chongxiong Duan, Yi Zhang, Jiexin Li, Le Kang, Yawei Xie, Wenxiong Qiao, Chunxia Zhu, Haochuan Luo

“…The thermodynamics data demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the uranium (VI) adsorption process. …”
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