Kinetics and thermodynamics of carbon steel corrosion in different types of soil solution by Mohamad Sa’Adan, Amy Wahida

“…H indicates that the process of interaction of chemical species in the solution of soil samples on the steel surface is endothermic. The negative value of entropy of reaction, ?…”
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Application of zeolite-activated carbon macrocomposite for the adsorption of Acid Orange 7: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies by Lim, Chi Kim, Bay, Hui Han, Neoh, Chin Hong, Aris, Azmi, Abdul Majid, Zaiton, Ibrahim, Zaharah

“…Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectral and high performance liquid chromatography analysis were carried out before and after the adsorption process. …”

Removal of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions using newly synthesized and characterized polypyrrole-titanium(IV)phosphate nanocomposite by Baig, Umair, Rao, Rifaqat Ali Khan, Khan, Asif Ali, Sanagi, Mohd. Marsin, Gondal, Mohammed Ashraf

“…The adsorption process based on the thermodynamic parameters was spontaneous and endothermic. Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm was used to calculate the mean free energy, which showed that the adsorption process involves chemical forces, hence chemical in nature. …”

Novel microwave-assisted multiwall carbon nanotubes enhancing Cu (II) adsorption capacity in water by Mubarak, N. M., Sahu, J. N., Abdullah, E. C., Jayakumar, N. S.

“…Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., ∆H°, ∆S° and ∆G° have also been evaluated and it has been found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal (99.9%) of Cu (II) are at pH 5.5, MWCNTs dosage 0.1 g, contact time 35 min and agitation speed of 160 rpm. …”

Microwave-assisted synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced removal of Zn(II) from wastewater by Mubarak, N. M., Sahu, J. N., Abdullah, E. C., Jayakumar, N. S., Ganesan, P.

“…Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° have also been evaluated and it has been found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal (99.9 %) of Zn(II) are at pH 10, a MCNT dosage 0.05 g, an agitation speed and time of 160 rpm and 60 min, respectively, with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. …”

Physical and chemical characterisation of acrylamide-based hydrogels, Aam, Aam/NaCMC and Aam/NaCMC/MgO by Sabbagh, F., Muhamad, I. I.

“…The 1H NMR spectrum of polymers showed characteristic proton peaks at 4.6 and 4.7, 6.1 and 6.2 ppm. An endothermic peak indicating loss of weakly bound water molecules from the hydrogel network is shown in DTA curves of hydrogels at around 80 °C. …”

Kinetics, thermodynamics, equilibrium isotherms and reusability studies of cationic dye adsorption by magnetic alginate/oxidised multiwall carbon nanotubes composites by Boukhalfa, Nadia, Boutahala, Mokhtar, Djebri, Nassima, Idris, Ani

“…The thermodynamic parameters determined at 283, 293, 303, and 313 K revealed that the adsorption occurring was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Adsorption kinetic data followed the intraparticle diffusion model. …”

Evaluation of methylene blue dye and phenol removal onto modified CO2- activated pyrolysis tyre powder by Mohd. Shaid, Mohd. Shafiq Hakimi, Ahmad Zaini, Muhammad Abbas, Nasri, Noor Shawal

“…The adsorption of methylene blue is endothermic and spontaneous at high temperature, while that of phenol adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous at low temperature.…”

Methylene blue adsorption onto cockle shells-treated banana pith: Optimization, isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies by Hasan, Rosalyza, Wong, Jie Ying, Chong, Chi Cheng, Jaafar, Nur Farhana, Jusoh, Rohayu, Abdul Jalil, Aishah, Setiabudi, Herma Dina

“…Thermodynamics study discovered that the MB removal by CS-BP is endothermic, feasible, spontaneous and randomness growth at a solid-solute interface. …”
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Effect of time and temperature on the simultaneous formation of heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using amino acid and sugar model systems by Ishak, Ainaatul Asmaa'

“…However, regardless on the type of amino acids, the simultaneous formation follows the first order model and the reaction was an endothermic and bimolecular reaction. Phenylalanine and glucose were identified as the most susceptible precursor for the simultaneous formation of HCAs and PAHs.…”
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Focused–type ultrasound extraction of phenolic acids from Q.Infectoria galls: process modelling and sequential optimization by N. F., Sukor, R., Jusoh, N. S., Kamarudin

“…Relevant activation energy of 83.39 J/mol, along with the thermodynamic factors which include activation enthalpy (ΔH*) and activation Gibbs free energy (ΔG*), affirmed the extraction process was endothermic and non-spontaneous in identity.…”
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Methylene blue adsorption onto cockle shells-treated banana pith: optimization, isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies by Rosalyza, Hasan, Wong, Jie Ying, Chong, Chi Cheng, Nur Farhana, Jaafar, Rohayu, Jusoh, Aishah, Abdul Jalil, Herma Dina, Setiabudi

“…Thermodynamics study discovered that the MB removal by CS-BP is endothermic, feasible, spontaneous and randomness growth at a solid-solute interface. …”
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Adsorption of fatty acid on beta-cyclodextrin functionalized cellulose nanofiber by Nor Hasmaliana, Abdul Manas, Nurhidayah Kumar, Muhammad Firdaus Kumar, Nurul Aqilah, Mohd Shah, Ling, Guang Yik, Nur Izyan, Wan Azelee, Siti Fatimah Zaharah, Mohd Fuzi, Nasratun, Masngut, Muhammad Abd Hadi, Bunyamin, Rosli, Md. Illias, El Enshasy, Hesham Ali

“…The adsorption was described as monolayer and endothermic, and it involved both a physisorption and chemisorption process. …”
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Thermodynamic Parameters of Crosslinked Elastomers (BR, SBR and NBR) and Their Blends by César Leyva-Porras, Iván A. Estrada-Moreno, Claudia I. Piñón-Balderrama, Sergio G. Flores-Gallardo, Alfredo Márquez-Lucero

“…The calculated thermodynamic parameters for the blends showed positive ΔG_mix values and endothermic behavior, suggesting their immiscible nature.…”
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Loss factor and moisture diffusivity property estimation of lentil crop during microwave processing by Mohamad Mehdi Heydari, Tahereh Najib, Oon-Doo Baik, Kaiyang Tu, Venkatesh Meda

“…The results of differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and the Fourier transform mid-infrared spectra of flours obtained from microwave processed lentil seeds also confirmed the greatest intensity of starch structure alteration happened for the samples tempered to 50% moisture content by showing the highest shifts in the endothermic peak and lowest degree of order.…”
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The Adsorption Behaviors of CO and H₂ to FeO onto CaO Surfaces: A Density Functional Theory Study by Ziming Wang, Yaqiang Li, Yaping Dou, Kejiang Li, Wanhai Yu, Pengcheng Sheng

“…The reaction of H₂ molecule adsorption to generate H₂O compounds is endothermic. This property is essential for the inertial-collision stage of the reduction. …”
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C.I. Basic Red 46 Removal from Sewage by Carbon and Silica Based Composite: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Electrokinetic Studies by Małgorzata Wiśniewska, Stanisław Chibowski, Monika Wawrzkiewicz, Magda Onyszko, Viktor Bogatyrov

“…The adsorption capacity of C/SiO₂ was found to be temperature dependent and increased from 41.90 mg/g to 176.10 mg/g with a temperature rise from 293 K to 333 K in accordance with the endothermic process. The Langmuir isotherm model seems to be the better one for the description of experimental data rather than Freundlich or Dubinin–Radushkevich. …”
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Adsorption of Cadmium and Methylene Blue Using Highly Porous Carbon from Hemp Seeds by Betty Refilwe Mphuthi, Patiennce Mapule Thabede, Johannes Sekomeng Modise, Thokozani Xaba, Ntaote David Shooto

“…This result suggests that the adsorption was endothermic for CHS-500 and CHS-700 and exothermic for PHSs. …”
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Pillarization of Sumatera Bentonite by Sodium-assisted As Effective Adsorbent of Anionic Surfactants Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) Waste by Risfidian Mohadi, Yusuf Mathiinul Hakim, Rahma Dinta Astuti, Idha Royani, Mardiyanto Mardiyanto

“…The adsorption mechanism is feasible, endothermic, and conformed to the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich adsorption model. …”
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Design, Physical Characterizations, and Biocompatibility of Cationic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in HCT-116 and 16-HBE Cells: A Preliminary Study by Ali Alamri, Ali Alqahtani, Taha Alqahtani, Adel Al Fatease, Saeed Ahmed Asiri, Reem M. Gahtani, Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser, Jamal Moideen Muthu Mohamed, Farid Menaa

“…Thermal analysis of the greater part of the endothermic peaks of the cSLNs revealed they were noticeably different from the individual pure compounds based on their zeta potential (ZP ranging from +17 to +56 mV) and particle size (PS ranging from 185 to 244 nm). …”
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