Entropy generation rate minimization for sulfur trioxide decomposition membrane reactor by Rui Kong, Lingen Chen, Shaojun Xia, Penglei Li, Yanlin Ge

“…The decomposition of SO3 requires the absorption of a large amount of heat due to its highly endothermic properties, and there are many irreversible processes such as heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reaction and friction flow in the SO3 membrane reactor. …”
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Mechanistic investigations of photo-driven processes over TiO2 by in-situ DRIFTS-MS : Part 1 - platinization and methanol reforming by Highfield, J. G., Chen, M. H., Nguyen, P. T., Chen, Z.

“…Photocatalysis is worthy of investigation as a potentially economic means to drive such endothermic processes. In this study, in-situ DRIFTS, adapted for optical pumping and coupled to on-line MS, was used to observe the surface of TiO2 (Degussa P25) during photo-metallization from pre-sorbed hexachloroplatinate, at a nominal Pt loading of 1 wt%, and to evaluate photo-reforming of methanol over the resulting Pt/TiO2 composite. …”
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Inclusion complex formation between natural dye extracted from pitaya fruit skin and β-cyclodextrin : kinetic and thermodynamic study by Norasiha, Hamid

“…In order to identify the thermal analysis such as percentage weight loss due to the water molecules contents, decomposition temperature, exothermic or endothermic peak assigned, the Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used. …”
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Application of thermodynamic modelling and experimental investigation of leaching yttrium from liquid crystal display by Ahmat, Farouq, M. Y. M., Yunus, Badhrulhisham, Abdul Aziz, Anwaruddin, Hisyam

“…Thermodynamic modelling using HSC 6.0 software revealed that the reaction of leaching out Y with hydrochloric acid is endothermic thus absorbing heat and at the same time positive Gibbs free energy from temperature 273.15 K to 343.15 K and negative Gibbs free energy from temperature 353.15 K to 373.15 K. …”
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Adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium onto layered double hydroxides-based adsorbents : a systematic in-depth review by Tran, H. N., Nguyen, D. T., Le, G. T., Tomul, F., Lima, Ader c., Woo, S. H., Sarmah, A. K., Nguyen, H. Q., Nguyen, P. T., Nguyen, D. D., Nguyen, T. V., Vigneswaran, S., Vo, Dai-Viet N., Chao, H. -P.

“…Almost all adsorption processes of Cr(VI) by LDH-based adsorbent occur spontaneously (ΔG° <0) and endothermically (ΔH° >0) and increase the randomness (ΔS° >0) in the system. …”
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Methane dry reforming over Ni/fibrous SBA-15 catalysts: Effects of support morphology (rod-liked F-SBA-15 and dendritic DFSBA-15) by Chi, Cheng Chong, Yoke, Wang Cheng, Syahida Nasuha, Bukhari, Setiabudi, H. D., Aishah, Abdul Jalil

“…In accordance with endothermicity, the optimal temperature of MDR over both catalysts was 800 °C as greater temperature provoked conspicuous CH4 thermal decomposition. …”
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Evaluation of solid form and thermodynamic properties for carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal by Fatinah, Ab Rahman

“…The thermodynamic properties (ΔsolH0, ΔsolG0 and ΔsolS0) obtained from the apparent thermodynamic analysis have positive values which indicates an endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution of co-crystal in ethanol solvent. …”
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Biogas dry reforming: Development of Ni/Na zeolite catalyst using response surface methodology approach with reaction mechanism evaluation by Abdul Hadi, Abdullah, Ahmad Zamani, Ab Halim, Amri, Mohamed, Mohd Abu Asshaary, Daud, Dabwan, Ahmed H.A.

“…Biogas with the composition of 60 % methane and 40 % carbon dioxide can be used as methane replacement in Dry Reforming of Methane (DRM) for high quality syngas. Endothermically nature of DRM requires an efficient catalyst to reduce the compound activation energy and change mechanism path. …”
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Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch and high-density polyethylene mixtures over rice husk ash : Thermogravimetric, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses by Nadhilah Aqilah, Shahdan, Balasundram, Vekes, Norazana, Ibrahim, Ruzinah, Isha, Zainuddin, Abdul Manan

“…Thermodynamic analysis showed the pyrolysis runs were endothermic and non-spontaneous. Using RHA-T resulted in a higher change of enthalpy, a lower change of Gibbs free energy and a less negative change of entropy. …”
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Investigation of Non-Isothermal Kinetics and Thermodynamic Parameters for the Pyrolysis of Different Date Palm Parts by Emmanuel Galiwango, Ali H. Al-Marzuoqi, Abbas A. Khaleel, Mahdi M. Abu-Omar

“…The positive enthalpy values confirmed an endothermic pyrolysis reaction. For all models, a minimal difference of 4.40, 5.57, 6.55, and 7.51 kJ mol⁻¹ between activation energy and enthalpy for rachis, fibers, composite, and leaflet ensued, respectively. …”
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Parametric study of oil extraction from African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) seeds. by Goziya W. Dzarma, Chinedu M. Agu, Kenechi Nwosu-Obieogu, Lawrence N. Onyedikachi, Omokwe A. Kalu, Esther O. Ekezie, Miracle C. Adiele, Agu S. Chukwulebile

“…These positives values for the enthalpy and entropy change shows that the extraction is endothermic and irreversible in nature. The Gibbs free energy change (∆G) for the extraction was found to be below zero showing that the extraction was a spontaneous process. …”
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Remediation of Cd (II) Ion from an Aqueous Solution by a Starch-Based Activated Carbon: Experimental and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Approach by Saad Melhi, Saeed Ullah Jan, Adnan Ali Khan, Khan Badshah, Saeed Ullah, Bushra Bostan, Zeliha Selamoglu

“…The thermodynamic parameters, such as ∆<i>G,</i> ∆<i>H</i>, and ∆<i>S,</i> were found to be −17.42 kJ mol⁻¹, 8.49 kJ mol⁻¹, and 58.66 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively, revealing that the adsorption mechanism is endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible. Furthermore, the density functional theory simulations demonstrated that the activated carbon strongly interacted with toxicity and mobility, so it is very urgent to remove this species from industrial wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. …”
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Synthesis of innovative and sustainable gelatin@graphene oxide-crosslinked-zirconium silicate@gelatin nanobiosorbent for effective biosorption of basic fuchsin dye by Mohamed E. Mahmoud, Gehan M. Nabil, Sarah M. Elsayed, Amal R. Rashad

“…The Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the BF dye adsorption onto Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO4@Gel was taken place via spontaneous and endothermic reaction. Chemisorption is the predominant adsorption mechanism by forming multilayers upon nonhomogeneous surface in accordance with Freundlich model hypothesis. …”
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L-Ascorbic Acid-g-Polyaniline Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Crystal Violet: A Batch and Fixed Bed Breakthrough Studies by Imran Hasan, Ibtisam I. BinSharfan, Rais Ahmad Khan, Ali Alsalme

“…The adsorption reaction was endothermic with enthalpy (ΔH) value of 3.62 KJ mol⁻¹ and highly efficient for treatment of CV-contaminated water for more the five consecutive cycles.…”
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Adsorption of Metal Ions from Single and Binary Aqueous Systems on Bio-Nanocomposite, Alginate-Clay by Rachid Aziam, Daniela Simina Stefan, Safa Nouaa, Mohamed Chiban, Magdalena Boșomoiu

“…The process is considered to be physical and endothermic, as suggested by the positive values of Δ<i>H°</i> and Δ<i>S°</i>, indicating increased randomness at the solid/liquid interface during Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ adsorption. …”
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The Effect of Functional Ceramsite in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor and Its Ammonium Nitrogen Adsorption Mechanism by Liangkai Wang, Ningyuan Zhu, Hiba Shaghaleh, Xinyu Mao, Xiaohou Shao, Qilin Wang, Yousef Alhaj Hamoud

“…The adsorption of bio-ceramsite to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>NH</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-N was an endothermic process that included physical and chemical adsorption. …”
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Dried Brown Seaweed’s Phytoremediation Potential for Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Aquatic Environments by Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Ahmed E. Alprol, Khamael M. Abualnaja, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Khaled M. A. Ramadan, Mohamed Ashour

“…Thermodynamic and Freundlich model parameters were assessed and showed that the mechanism of the sorption process occurs by an endothermic and physical process. According to the results of the experiments, <i>S. latifolium</i> is a promising environmentally friendly approach for eliminating MBD from the aqueous solution that is also cost-effective. …”
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Morphological and osteological characterization of indigenous domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus): validation of Rensch’s, Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules by Gebreslassie Gebru, Gebreslassie Gebru, Gebreslassie Gebru, Gurja Belay, Tadelle Dessie, Mulalem Zenebe Kelkay, Minister Birhanie Dagnhegn, Olivier Hanotte, Olivier Hanotte, Olivier Hanotte

“…Ecogeographical habitat heterogeneity in wild endotherm species results in morphological variability associated with physiological mechanisms for maintaining their body temperature at a thermoneutral state in different environments. …”
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Exploring the Biosorption of Methylene Blue Dye onto Agricultural Products: A Critical Review by Manish Kumar Sah, Khaled Edbey, Ashraf EL-Hashani, Sanad Almshety, Luisetto Mauro, Taghrid S. Alomar, Najla AlMasoud, Ajaya Bhattarai

“…Because it is self-anionic, FT-IR and SEM investigations of biosorption have confirmed the role of the functional group and its contribution to the formation of pores that bind cationic dye. It is endothermic if the adsorption of MB by an adsorbent is high as the temperature increases; on the other hand, exothermic if it is high as the temperature decreases. …”
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Effective biosorption of As(V) from polluted water using Fe(III)-modified Pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel: A batch, column, and thermodynamic study by Deepak Gyawali, Sangita Rijal, Prabin Basnet, Kedar Nath Ghimire, Megh Raj Pokhrel, Hari Paudyal

“…Negative values of ΔG° for all temperatures with positive ΔH° confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of As(V) biosorption. The existence of co-existing chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−), sodium (Na+), and calcium (Ca2+) showed insignificant interference whereas a high concentration of sulphate (SO42−) and phosphate (PO43−) significantly lowered As(V) biosorption percentage. …”
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