Published 2023-09-01
“…</p>
<p>To determine the formation, transport, chemical transformation, and fate of
particulate matter <span class="inline-formula"><i><</i></span> 2.5 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>) in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, five different regional
chemical transport models (CAMx – Comprehensive Air Quality Model with
Extensions, CHIMERE, CMAQ – Community Multiscale Air Quality model, EMEP –
European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme model, and LOTOS-
EUROS) were
applied. Furthermore, PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> precursors (ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>), sulfur dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), nitric acid (HNO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>))
and inorganic particle species (sulfate (SO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="5471cf9633c00eb7ce2a8165ca87d146"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-10163-2023-ie00001.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-10163-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>), ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="9837b1bc16c7511343fef307428ed3c8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-10163-2023-ie00002.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="acp-23-10163-2023-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>), nitrate (NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="fa1148a5a7ab62133104fb46bf612014"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-10163-2023-ie00003.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-10163-2023-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>)) were studied, as they are important for explaining
differences among the models.
…”
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