Extant Earthly Microbial Mats and Microbialites as Models for Exploration of Life in Extraterrestrial Mat Worlds by Bopaiah Biddanda, Anthony Weinke, Ian Stone, Scott Kendall, Phil Hartmeyer, Wayne Lusardi, Stephanie Gandulla, John Bright, Steven Ruberg

“…Modern-day benthic microbial mats inhabiting the low-oxygen, high-sulfur submerged sinkholes of temperate Lake Huron (Michigan, USA) and microbialites inhabiting the shallow, high-carbonate waters of subtropical Laguna Bacalar (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico) serve as potential working models for exploration of extraterrestrial life. In Lake Huron, delicate mats comprising motile filaments of purple-pigmented cyanobacteria capable of oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis and pigment-free chemosynthetic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria lie atop soft, organic-rich sediments. …”
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Detecting Biosignatures in Nearby Rocky Exoplanets Using High-contrast Imaging and Medium-resolution Spectroscopy with the Extremely Large Telescope by Huihao Zhang, Ji Wang, Michael K. Plummer

“…In the upcoming decades, one of the primary objectives in exoplanet science is to search for habitable planets and signs of extraterrestrial life in the Universe. Signs of life can be indicated by thermal-dynamical imbalance in terrestrial planet atmospheres. …”
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Pluralità dei mondi, vita, cosmo. Il sogno di Giordano Bruno by Amodio, Paolo, Lo Sapio, Luca, Covone, Giovanni

“…Many questions arise: will we be able to recognise extraterrestrial life forms once we have them in front of us, or will they be so different as to be unrecognisable? …”
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Trivalent phosphorus and phosphines as components of biochemistry in anoxic environments by Bains, William, Petkowski, Janusz, Sousa-Silva, Clara, Seager, Sara

“…We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our work for the origin and early evolution of life, and suggest that trivalent phosphorus compounds could be valuable markers for both extraterrestrial life and the Shadow Biosphere on Earth. ©2019…”
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Planetary Science Meets Chemistry: Studying Potential Biosignature Gases in Terrestrial Exoplanet Atmospheres by Huang, Jingcheng

“…As more and more exoplanets are discovered, searching for biosignature gases is becoming one of the crucial ways to find extraterrestrial life. Biosignature gases are gases produced by living organisms that can accumulate to detectable levels in the atmosphere. …”
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Heat inactivation of stable proteinaceous particles for future sample return mission architecture by Emily P. Seto, Emily P. Seto, Aspen L. Hirsch, Wayne W. Schubert, Pavithra Chandramowlishwaran, Yury O. Chernoff

“…NASA has directed sample return missions from habitable worlds to manage “potential extraterrestrial life and bioactive molecules” which requires investigation of a range of potential BIs. …”
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Characterization of Stromatolite Organic Sedimentary Structure Based on Spectral Image Fusion by Hongpeng Wang, Xinru Yan, Yingjian Xin, Peipei Fang, Yian Wang, Sicong Liu, Jianjun Jia, Liang Zhang, Xiong Wan

“…Taking the layered sediments (Stromatolite) formed by the growth of early life on the Earth as the research object, Raman spectroscopy is an essential means to detect deep-space extraterrestrial life. Fluorescence is the main factor that interferes with Raman spectroscopy detection, which will cause the enhancement of the Raman baseline and annihilate Raman information. …”
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Technologies of perception : searches for life and intelligence beyond Earth by Webb, Claire Isabel.

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Experimental Validation of Melt Probe Models for the Exploration of Ocean Worlds by do Vale Pereira, Paula

“…Ocean Worlds, where large volumes of water may exist under a layer of ice, are strong candidates for the first discovery of extraterrestrial life. Jupiter’s moon Europa is currently believed to have at least twice as much water as Earth. …”
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How Well Do We Know Europa’s Topography? An Evaluation of the Variability in Digital Terrain Models of Europa by Michael T. Bland, Randolph L. Kirk, Donna M. Galuszka, David P. Mayer, Ross A. Beyer, Robin L. Fergason

“…Jupiter’s moon Europa harbors one of the most likely environments for extant extraterrestrial life. Determining whether Europa is truly habitable requires understanding the structure and thickness of its ice shell, including the existence of perched water or brines. …”
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Quantitative Analysis of Meteorite Elements Based on the Multidimensional Scaling–Back Propagation Neural Network Algorithm Combined with Raman Mapping-Assisted Micro-Laser Induced... by Hongpeng Wang, Yingjian Xin, Peipei Fang, Yian Wang, Mingkang Duan, Wenming Wu, Ruidong Yang, Sicong Liu, Liang Zhang, Xiong Wan

“…Meteorites are an essential reference for human exploration of the universe and its cosmic evolution and an essential research object for searching for extraterrestrial life. Ways to quickly identify and screen suspected meteorite samples have become the foundation and prerequisite for research on high-value meteorite samples. …”
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Determination of Elemental Composition and Content in Stream Sediments by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy by Hongpeng Wang, Xinru Yan, Yingjian Xin, Peipei Fang, Yian Wang, Sicong Liu, Jianjun Jia, Liang Zhang, Xiong Wan

“…In addition, for the application scenario of exploring extraterrestrial life, biominerals represented by stromatolite phosphorite (SP) are easy to form sand and enter into SS under weathering. …”
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Applying Novel Techniques from Physical and Biological Sciences to Life Detection by Tony Z. Jia, Chaitanya Giri, Andrea Aldaba, Ilknur Bahcivan, Nipun Chandrasiri, Ilankuzhali Elavarasan, Kashish Gupta, Sakshi P. Khandare, Christos Liaconis, Arpita Saha, Orlando J. Solórzano, Paola Ines Tiranti, Aivaras Vilutis, Graham E. Lau

“…As astrobiology is a truly interdisciplinary field within the realm of space exploration with major contributions from physical and biological sciences (among others), recently there has been development of a number of relevant techniques from scientific fields that have yet to be fully applied to extraterrestrial life detection. As a culmination of the 2021 Blue Marble Space Institute of Science (BMSIS) Young Scientist Program (YSP), we present a number of techniques drawn from various fields (including, but not limited to, chemistry, materials science, biology, nanotechnology, medical science, astrophysics, and more) that either have been or have the potential to be applied to life detection research. …”
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Multibeam Blind Search of Targeted SETI Observations toward 33 Exoplanet Systems with FAST by Xiao-Hang Luan, Zhen-Zhao Tao, Hai-Chen Zhao, Bo-Lun Huang, Shi-Yu Li, Cong Liu, Hong-Feng Wang, Wen-Fei Liu, Tong-Jie Zhang, Vishal Gajjar, Dan Werthimer

“…The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is to search for technosignatures associated with extraterrestrial life, such as engineered radio signals. …”
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Genome-guided prediction of acid resistance mechanisms in acidophilic methanotrophs of phylogenetically deep-rooted Verrucomicrobia isolated from geothermal environments by Gonzalo Neira, Eva Vergara, Eva Vergara, David S. Holmes, David S. Holmes

“…This novel group could be of interest for studies about the emergence of life on Earth and to astrobiologists as homologs for possible extraterrestrial life. In this paper, we describe predicted mechanisms for survival of this clade at low pH and suggest its possible evolutionary trajectory from an inferred neutrophilic ancestor. …”
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Microbial Metabolism of Amino Acids—Biologically Induced Removal of Glycine and the Resulting Fingerprint as a Potential Biosignature by Petra Schwendner, Petra Schwendner, Andreas Riedo, Daniel J. Melton, Peter Horvath, Robert Lindner, Pascale Ehrenfreund, Pascale Ehrenfreund, Kristina Beblo-Vranesevic, Petra Rettberg, Elke Rabbow, Frances Westall, Alexandra Bashir, Christine Moissl-Eichinger, Laura Garcia-Descalzo, Felipe Gomez, Ricardo Amils, Viggó Þór Marteinsson, Nicolas Walter, Charles S. Cockell

“…The identification of reliable biomarkers, such as amino acids, is key for the search of extraterrestrial life. A large number of microorganisms metabolize, synthesize, take up and excrete amino acids as part of the amino acid metabolism during aerobic and/or anaerobic respiration or in fermentation. …”
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Onboard Science Instrument Autonomy for the Detection of Microscopy Biosignatures on the Ocean Worlds Life Surveyor by Mark Wronkiewicz, Jake Lee, Lukas Mandrake, Jack Lightholder, Gary Doran, Steffen Mauceri, Taewoo Kim, Nathan Oborny, Thomas Schibler, Jay Nadeau, James K. Wallace, Eshaan Moorjani, Chris Lindensmith

“…The quest to find extraterrestrial life is a critical scientific endeavor with civilization-level implications. …”
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Computationally Efficient Optimization of Formation Flying Trajectories, with Solar Radiation Pressure, near Lagrange Points by Hettrick, Hailee E.

“…One of three main goals established by the National Academy of Sciences in the 2020 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey is the investigation of exoplanets residing in habitable zones to help further the understanding of the universe by searching for extraterrestrial life. While indirect detection methods have identified a vast quantity of exoplanets in habitable zones, such methods are inadequate for characterizing exoplanets. …”
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A Simultaneous Dual-site Technosignature Search Using International LOFAR Stations by Owen A. Johnson, Vishal Gajjar, Evan F. Keane, David J. McKenna, Charles Giese, Ben McKeon, Tobia D. Carozzi, Cloe Alcaria, Aoife Brennan, Bryan Brzycki, Steve Croft, Jamie Drew, Richard Elkins, Peter T. Gallagher, Ruth Kelly, Matt Lebofsky, Dave H. E. MacMahon, Joseph McCauley, Imke de Pater, Shauna Rose Raeside, Andrew P. V. Siemion, S. Pete Worden

“…The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence aims to find evidence of technosignatures, which can point toward the possible existence of technologically advanced extraterrestrial life. Radio signals similar to those engineered on Earth may be transmitted by other civilizations, motivating technosignature searches across the entire radio spectrum. …”
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