Influence of model resolution on bomb cyclones revealed by HighResMIP-PRIMAVERA simulations by Gao Jiaxiang, Minobe Shoshiro, Malcolm J Roberts, Rein Haarsma, Dian Putrasahan, Christopher D Roberts, Enrico Scoccimarro, Laurent Terray, Benoît Vannière, Pier Luigi Vidale

“…Bomb cyclones are explosively intensifying extratropical cyclones that can cause severe damage to life and property. …”
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Developing and evaluating week 2 and weeks 3-4 outlook tools for extratropical storminess by Edmund K. M. Chang, Yutong Pan, Yutong Pan, Wanqiu Wang, Cheng Zheng

“…Extratropical cyclones give rise to most of the high impact weather in the mid-to high-latitudes during the cool seasons, including heavy precipitation and strong winds. …”
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Coastal sea levels and wind-waves in the Mediterranean Sea since 1950 from a high-resolution ocean reanalysis by Tim Toomey, Angel Amores, Marta Marcos, Marta Marcos, Alejandro Orfila

“…In the Mediterranean Sea, coastal extreme sea levels are mainly caused by storm surges driven by atmospheric pressure and surface winds from extratropical cyclones. In addition, wind-waves generated by the same atmospheric perturbations may also contribute to coastal extremes through wave setup (temporal rise above the mean sea level due to dissipation and breaking of waves in shallow waters close to the shore). …”
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Stratospheric influence on the winter North Atlantic storm track in subseasonal reforecasts by H. Afargan-Gerstman, D. Büeler, C. O. Wulff, M. Sprenger, D. I. V. Domeisen, D. I. V. Domeisen

“…Such changes in the storm track position and associated extratropical cyclone frequency over the North Atlantic and Europe can increase the risk of extreme windstorm, flooding or heavy snowfall over populated regions. …”
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Warm conveyor belt activity over the Pacific: modulation by the Madden–Julian Oscillation and impact on tropical–extratropical teleconnections by J. F. Quinting, C. M. Grams, E. K.-M. Chang, S. Pfahl, H. Wernli

“…<p>Research in the last few decades has revealed that rapidly ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones – so-called warm conveyor belts (WCBs) – play an important role in extratropical atmospheric dynamics. …”
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East Asian Monsoon controls on the inter-annual variability in precipitation isotope ratio in Japan by N. Kurita, Y. Fujiyoshi, T. Nakayama, Y. Matsumi, H. Kitagawa

“…In the winter, storm tracks are the dominant driver of storm-to-storm isotopic variation and relatively low isotopic values occur when a cold frontal rainband associated with extratropical cyclones passes off to the south of the Japan coast. …”
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Potential vorticity structure of embedded convection in a warm conveyor belt and its relevance for large-scale dynamics by A. Oertel, M. Boettcher, H. Joos, M. Sprenger, H. Wernli

“…<p>Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are important airstreams in extratropical cyclones. They can influence large-scale flow evolution by modifying the potential vorticity (PV) distribution during their cross-isentropic ascent. …”
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The three-dimensional life cycles of potential vorticity cutoffs: a global and selected regional climatologies in ERA-Interim (1979–2018) by R. Portmann, M. Sprenger, H. Wernli

“…Type III cutoffs preferentially form due to cyclonic Rossby wave breaking within extratropical cyclones in the storm track regions. We show that important track characteristics (speed, travel distance, frequency of decay and reabsorption, isentropic levels) differ between the categories, while lifetime is similar in all categories. …”
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Performance and process-based evaluation of the BARPA-R Australasian regional climate model version 1 by E. Howard, C.-H. Su, C. Stassen, R. Naha, R. Naha, H. Ye, A. Pepler, S. S. Bell, A. J. Dowdy, S. O. Tucker, C. Franklin

“…While generally well represented, convection-related features such as tropical cyclones, the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the Northwest Cloudband, and the monsoon westerlies show more divergence from observations and internal interannual variability than mid-latitude phenomena such as the westerly jets and extratropical cyclones. Having simulated a realistic Australasian climate, the BARPA-R framework will be used to downscale two climate change scenarios from seven CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs).…”
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The role of cyclones and potential vorticity cutoffs for the occurrence of unusually long wet spells in Europe by M. Röthlisberger, B. Scherrer, A. J. de Vries, A. J. de Vries, R. Portmann

“…Four case studies reveal distinct archetypal synoptic storylines for long wet spells: (a) a 7 d wet spell near Moscow, Russia, is associated with a single slow-moving cutoff–cyclone couple; (b) a 15 d wet spell in Norway features a total of nine rapidly passing extratropical cyclones and illustrates serial cyclone clustering as a second storyline; (c) a 12 d wet spell in Tuscany, Italy, is associated with a single but very large cutoff complex, which is replenished multiple times by a sequence of recurrent anticyclonic wave breaking events over the North Atlantic and western Europe; and (d) a 17 d wet spell in the Balkans features intermittent periods of diurnal convection in an environment of weak synoptic forcing and recurrent passages of cutoffs and thus also highlights the role of diurnal convection for long wet spells over land. …”
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Interaction of microphysics and dynamics in a warm conveyor belt simulated with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model by A. Oertel, A. K. Miltenberger, C. M. Grams, C. Hoose

“…<p>Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) produce a major fraction of precipitation in extratropical cyclones and modulate the large-scale extratropical circulation. …”
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Categorisation of northern California rainfall for periods with and without a radar brightband using stable isotopes and a novel automated precipitation collector† by Tyler B. Coplen, Paul J. Neiman, Allen B. White, F. Martin Ralph

“…During landfall of extratropical cyclones between 2005 and 2011, nearly 1400 precipitation samples were collected at intervals of 30-min time resolution with novel automated collectors at four NOAA sites in northern California [Alta (ATA), Bodega Bay (BBY), Cazadero (CZD) and Shasta Dam (STD)] during 43 events. …”
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Climatologia de ciclones explosivos para a área ciclogenética da América do Sul Climatology of explosive cyclones over cyclogenetic area of South America by Daniel Pires Bitencourt, Márcia Vetromilla Fuentes, Camila de Souza Cardoso

“…Além disso, os ciclones explosivos geram ventos médios de até 60 % mais intensos que os demais ciclones.<br>Extratropical cyclones are defined as "explosive" when their deepening rate is maintained at 1 hPa h-1 during a 24-h period. …”
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Estimated Impacts of Climate Change on Eddy Meridional Moisture Transport in the Atmosphere by Sergei Soldatenko

“…Baroclinic instability, a specific type of dynamical instability of the zonal atmospheric flow, is the principal mechanism by which extratropical cyclones form and evolve. It is expected that, due to global warming, the two most fundamental dynamical quantities that control the development of baroclinic instability and the overall global atmospheric dynamics&#8212;the parameter of static stability and the meridional temperature gradient (MTG)&#8212;will undergo certain changes. …”
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On tropospheric rivers by Hu, Yuanlong, 1964-

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MSDM v1.0: A machine learning model for precipitation nowcasting over eastern China using multisource data by D. Li, Y. Liu, C. Chen

“…Due to its special geographical location and climate, eastern China is affected by different weather systems, such as monsoons, shear lines, typhoons, and extratropical cyclones. In the near future, the rainfall rate becomes difficult to predict precisely due to these systems. …”
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Convection‐Permitting Simulations With the E3SM Global Atmosphere Model by P. M. Caldwell, C. R. Terai, B. Hillman, N. D. Keen, P. Bogenschutz, W. Lin, H. Beydoun, M. Taylor, L. Bertagna, A. M. Bradley, T. C. Clevenger, A. S. Donahue, C. Eldred, J. Foucar, J.‐C. Golaz, O. Guba, R. Jacob, J. Johnson, J. Krishna, W. Liu, K. Pressel, A. G. Salinger, B. Singh, A. Steyer, P. Ullrich, D. Wu, X. Yuan, J. Shpund, H.‐Y. Ma, C. S. Zender

“…In addition, the new model is able to capture the frequency and structure of important weather events (e.g., tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones including atmospheric rivers, and cold air outbreaks). …”
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Detection of atmospheric rivers with inline uncertainty quantification: TECA-BARD v1.0.1 by T. A. O'Brien, T. A. O'Brien, M. D. Risser, B. Loring, A. A. Elbashandy, H. Krishnan, J. Johnson, C. M. Patricola, C. M. Patricola, J. P. O'Brien, J. P. O'Brien, A. Mahesh, Prabhat, S. Arriaga Ramirez, S. Arriaga Ramirez, A. M. Rhoades, A. Charn, A. Charn, H. Inda Díaz, H. Inda Díaz, W. D. Collins, W. D. Collins

“…There are similar examples from the literature on extratropical cyclones and tropical cyclones. It is therefore imperative to develop detection techniques that explicitly quantify the uncertainty associated with the detection of events. …”
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Lagrangian matches between observations from aircraft, lidar and radar in a warm conveyor belt crossing orography by M. Boettcher, A. Schäfler, M. Sprenger, H. Sodemann, S. Kaufmann, C. Voigt, C. Voigt, H. Schlager, D. Summa, D. Summa, P. Di Girolamo, D. Nerini, U. Germann, H. Wernli

“…<p>Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are important airstreams in extratropical cyclones, often leading to the formation of intense precipitation and the amplification of upper-level ridges. …”
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Observations and simulation of intense convection embedded in a warm conveyor belt – how ambient vertical wind shear determines the dynamical impact by A. Oertel, A. Oertel, M. Sprenger, H. Joos, M. Boettcher, H. Konow, M. Hagen, H. Wernli

“…<p>Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are dynamically important, strongly ascending and mostly stratiform cloud-forming airstreams in extratropical cyclones. Despite the predominantly stratiform character of the WCB's large-scale cloud band, convective clouds can be embedded in it. …”
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