THE FIRST DEGREE MURDER IN A CRUEL MANNER by Jelena Jarić

Subjects: “…criminal offence of the first degree murder…”
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Juror decision-making and biracial targets by Susan Yamamoto, Susan Yamamoto, Evelyn M. Maeder

“…We also tested whether encouraging mock jurors not to endorse racial essentialism (belief that racial groups have inborn, immutable traits that influence behavior) would mitigate bias.MethodsCanadian jury-eligible participants (N = 326) read a fabricated first-degree murder of a police officer case (involving a Black, White, or photo-morphed Black-White Biracial defendant), then made verdict decisions, completed a heuristics questionnaire, and answered racial categorization questions.ResultsWhile there were no significant effects on verdicts, those higher in heuristic thinking tended to estimate a lower percentage of European ancestry for a Biracial defendant when the defense lawyer drew attention to race.ConclusionsFindings suggest that individual differences such as the tendency to rely on heuristic thinking may alter how racially ambiguous targets are perceived.…”
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Mens rea of Murder in the Islamic Penal Code (2012) by Hasan Moradi, Ali Shahbazi

“…Hence, there are some issues which shall be rethought about them including: murder by omission, attention to leaving an action in murdering, affirmation of the action purpose done on victim as the authentication of intention in crime, voluntarily behavior in murder and also making difference between first degree murder (premeditated killing) and second degree murder (non-premeditated killing).…”
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