Subgroup analysis of large trials can guide further research: a case study of vitamin E and pneumonia by Harri Hemilä, Jaakko Kaprio

“…In the present study, we tested the uniformity of vitamin E effect on the risk of hospital-treated pneumonia (898 cases) by adding a dummy variable to allow each subgroup its own vitamin E effect in a Cox model covering all participants.Results: Vitamin E effect was not uniform over eight subgroups defined by baseline smoking (5–19 vs ≥20 cigarettes per day), age of smoking initiation (≤20 vs ≥21 years), and exercise during leisure time (yes vs no). …”
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Challenges of correlating pH change with relief of clinical symptoms in gastro esophageal reflux disease: a phase III, randomized study of Zegerid versus Losec. by Dave Walker, Richard Ng Kwet Shing, Deborah Jones, Hans-Jurgen Gruss, Jarosław Reguła

“…This Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized study assessed the clinical superiority of Zegerid versus Losec for rapid relief of heartburn associated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). …”
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Correlation of predictions to get a new dental caries with residence area and parental socio-economic conditions in adolescents in Sleman DIY by Bambang Priyono, Hari Kusnanto, Al Supartinah Santoso, Dibyo Pramono

“…A multiple regression analysis with dummy variables was used to analyses the correlation between the independent and dependent variables at a confidence level of 95%. …”
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Application of Regression Models on Panel Data in the Regional Analysis of Water Consumption by А. М. Yerina, M. P. Ukrainets

“…The specific conditions of the business operation in some regions of the Dnieper basin are represented in the model by dummy variables. By the model of water intensity of GDP, the largest one is the impact from industrial specialization of a region (especially Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv and Kherson regions), the existence of water recycling systems at industrial enterprises, scopes of water drainage and capacities of sewage treatment plants. …”
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Presence of Three-Dimensional Sound Field Facilitates Listeners’ Mood, Felt Emotion, and Respiration Rate When Listening to Music by Yuuki Ooishi, Maori Kobayashi, Maori Kobayashi, Makio Kashino, Kanako Ueno, Kanako Ueno

“…Music in the 3D-SF condition was binaurally recorded through a dummy head in the BoSC reproduction room and reproduced with headphones in the HD condition. …”
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Radiographic Position of the Electrode as a Predictor of the Outcome of InterStim Therapy by Abdullah Ahmed Gahzi, Mai Ahmed Banakhar, Dean S. Elterman, Magdy Hassouna

“…The univariate analysis did not show any correlation between SNM response and the electrode position or angle. Dummy regression analysis using response to implantation as the dependent outcome variable did not show any significance for any of the predictors. …”
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Assessing digital advertising exposure using a virtual experimental protocol by Jennifer Cantrell, Jeffrey Bingenheimer, Shreya Tulsiani, Elizabeth Hair, Donna Vallone, Sarah Mills, Raquel Gerard, William D. Evans

“…Participants were randomized to view between 0 and 6 exposures of ads from an e-cigarette prevention campaign; respondents viewed a total of 2 ads per session, with 0 to 2 of those ads being non-skippable digital video ads from the campaign and/or a dummy ad. The video ads played prior to short YouTube videos. …”
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A gamma generalised linear model as an alternative to log linear real estate price functions by Dane Bax, Temesgen Zewotir, Delia North

“…An added benefit of this model is that the estimates were kept on the original scale, avoiding the need for back transformation which is an appealing feature of any model. A dummy locational variable was shown to account for the spatial dependency in the data. …”
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A randomized, double-blind study of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer with oral fluconazole compared with oral fluconazole alone in the treatment of fingernail onychomycosis by Somodyuti Chandra, Karan Sancheti, Indrashis Podder, Anupam Das, Tushar Kanti Sarkar, Moitreyee Chowdhury, Amrita Sil, Susmita Bhattacharya, Nilay Kanti Das

“…Methodology: In this double-blind trial (CTRI/2015/02/005369), patients were randomized (1:1) into amorolfine 5% nail lacquer + fluconazole and dummy lacquer + fluconazole. Treatment was given for 3 months with monthly follow-ups. …”
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Patient and treatment characteristics associated with patient activation in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study by Liesbet Van Bulck, Kathleen Claes, Katrien Dierickx, Annelies Hellemans, Sofie Jamar, Sven Smets, Gijs Van Pottelbergh

“…Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses with dummy variables were conducted to investigate the associations between the independent variables and patient activation. …”
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Determinants of micro, small, and medium-scale enterprise performers’ income during the Covid-19 pandemic era by Suminah Suminah, Suwarto Suwarto, Sugihardjo Sugihardjo, Sapja Anantanyu, Dwiningtyas Padmaningrum

“…The results of multiple regression data analysis using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and dummy variables indicate that the factors of age, number of workers, length of business, empowerment, human capital, type of business and production technology have a significant effect on income. …”
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Widespread violations of point-of-sale advertisements of tobacco products law around schools in India by Tshering Bhutia, Abhiram Mehendale, Narayan Lad, Rajashree Kadam

“…Masking the health warnings on tobacco products, use of dummy packages for display, hanging displays of smokeless tobacco products, selling surrogate products having brand names of tobacco products were the other marketing strategies observed to target children and youth. …”
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Islamic Finance and Indonesia's Economy: An Empirical Analysis by Ghina Sakinah, Rahmatina A Kasri, Nurkholis Nurkholis

“…The dependent variable is Indonesia’s Growth Domestic Product (GDP), while the independent variables are macroeconomic variables (gross fixed capital formation, trade openness and inflation), Islamic finance (Islamic banking, capital market and Sukuk) and a Covid-19 dummy variable. Findings – The study found a one-way causal relationship between Islamic finance and Indonesia’s economy. …”
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Urbanization shapes bird communities and nest survival, but not their food quantity by Kornélia Kurucz, Jenő J. Purger, Péter Batáry

“…Additionally, potential food sources (arthropods captured by sticky traps) and consumption rates by insectivorous birds (predation on dummy caterpillars) were compared along the gradient. …”
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<i>k</i>-NDDP: An Efficient Anonymization Model for Social Network Data Release by Shafaq Shakeel, Adeel Anjum, Alia Asheralieva, Masoom Alam

“…An extensive empirical study shows that for different values of <i>k</i>, the divergence produced by <i>k</i>-NDDP for CC, BW and APL is not more than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.8</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, also added dummy links are <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>60</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> less, as compared to <i>k</i>-NMF approach, thereby it validates that the proposed <i>k</i>-NDDP approach provides strong privacy while maintaining the usefulness of data.…”
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Pregabalin versus gabapentin in the treatment of sciatica: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial (PAGPROS) by Kelvin Robertson, Laurence A. G. Marshman, Maria Hennessy, Linton Harriss, David Plummer

“…Methods/design We are conducting a prospective, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy cross-over study. Included patients will be over 18 years old and have unilateral CS with radiological confirmation of corresponding neural compression/irritation. …”
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THE TRAINING PROCESS AS A CONTINUOUS METHOD OF INCREASING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDURANCE by Andreea ANDREI, Bianca CHERA FERRARIO

“…Objectives: Studying evolution of strength and resistance of athletes in specific actions in freestyle wrestling, Analysing training organisation through effort methods, Studying and analysing execution techniques in sessions against the clock Methods: Dummy throws; going into the bridge position, duration. …”
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What empowers Egyptian women: resources versus social constrains? by Hanan Nazier, Racha Ramadan

“…Forth, the macro level differences in women’s status are tackled through using location dummy variables. Finally, given the important correlation between wealth level and women empowerment, the paper is considered a first attempt to analyze such impact by including a variable that captures the wealth level of the woman’s household as one determinant of empowerment.…”
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Structural change in feedlot cattle death loss rates by Mark Buda, Kellie Curry Raper, John Michael Riley, Derrell S. Peel

“…Such increases in death loss rates impact feedlot cost and thus profitability.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study is to examine whether feedlot death loss rates in cattle have changed over time, to analyze the nature of any identified structural change, and to identify possible catalysts for that change.MethodsData from the Kansas Feedlot Performance and Feed Cost Summary from 1992 through 2017 is used to model feedlot death loss rate as a function of feeder cattle placement weight, days on feed, time, and seasonality in the form of monthly dummy variables. Commonly used tests of structural change, including the CUSUM, CUSUMSQ, and Bai and Perron methods, are implemented to examine the existence and nature of any structural changes in the proposed model. …”
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Molecular Imprinting of Benzylpiperazine: A Comparison of the Self-Assembly and Semi-Covalent Approaches by Kathleen M. Wright, Michael C. Bowyer, Adam McCluskey, Clovia I. Holdsworth

“…By virtue of its modest selectivity against the test illicit drugs, <b>1</b>-MIPs could potentially be used as a dummy MIP for the broad-based capture and enrichment of illicit drug blends for subsequent laboratory analysis.…”
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