A comparative analysis of vitrification and two slow freezing methods for gonocyte-containing neonatal calf testicular tissue and subsequent in vitro culture by Tang, S, Jones, C, Davies, J, Lane, S, Coward, K

“…No significant differences were observed in the proportion of seminiferous tubules containing PGP9.5-positive germ cells when compared between the three methods. Comparable densities of germ cells per unit area were observed in the controlled/uncontrolled slow freezing groups, and the vitrification group (7.89 ± 1.83, 7.75 ± 1.75, and 7.92 ± 1.23/104 µm2 , respectively). …”

Entanglement in smart hydrogels: fast response time, anti-freezing and anti-drying by Feng, Yuqin, Wang, Shancheng, Li, Yaqin, Ma, Wenxia, Zhang, Gang, Yang, Ming, Li, Haibo, Yang, Yongsheng, Long, Yi

“…Different from the conventional methods which hinder the movement of the polymer network, through entanglement with HPC fibers, the composite hydrogel shows both improved Young's modulus and toughness and more importantly improved smart functionalities including response speed, anti-drying, and anti-freezing capabilities and cycle stability. …”
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Evaluating Adaptive Layer Freezing through Hyperparameter Optimization for Enhanced Fine-Tuning Performance of Language Models by Figueroa, Reinaldo

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Optimization of a Luteolin-loaded Tpgs/poloxamer 407 nanomicelle: the effects of copolymers, hydration temperature and duration, and freezing temperature on encapsulation efficienc... by Mod Razif, Muhammad Redza Fahmi, Chan, Siok Yee, Widodo, Riyanto Teguh, Chew, Yik-Ling, Hassan, Masriana, Ahmad Hisham, Shairyzah, Abdul Rahman, Shamima, Ming, Long Chiau, Tan, Ching Siang, Lee, Siew-Keah, Liew, Kai Bin

“…This study aimed to develop and optimize vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407 micelles loaded with luteolin through investigating certain factors that can affect the encapsulation efficiency and particle size of the micelle. Methods: A micelle was prepared using the film hydration method, and the micellar solution was lyophilized. …”
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EtOH-LN cryoembedding workflow to minimize freezing artifact in frozen tissues: A pilot study in preparing tissues compatible with mass spectrometry-based spatial proteomics applic... by Tan, Yong Chiang, Mustangin, Muaatamarulain, Rosli, Nurwahyuna, Wan Ahmad Kammal, Wan Syahira Ellani, Md Isa, Nurismah, Low, Teck Yew, Lee, Pey Yee, Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar, Jarmin, Razman, Zuhdi, Zamri, Azman, Azlanudin, Ian, Chik, Mohamed Yusof, Nursuhadah, Lim, Lay Cheng

“…We have modified a previously reported morphology restoration method to incorporate the EtOH-LN workflow, which successfully restored the tissue architecture from freezing artifacts (p < 0.05). …”
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Thermal conductivity variations with composition of gelatin-silica aerogel-sodium dodecyl sulfate with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube doping in their composites by Mahesh, Sachithanadam, Joshi, Sunil Chandrakant

“…This paper discusses the variations in thermal conductivity of a binder-treated gelatin silica aerogel-sodium dodecyl sulfate (GSA-SDS) composite blocks doped with COOH group functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (FMWNT) prepared via freeze drying and frothing methods. The thermal conductivity of GSA-SDS and GSA-SDS/FMWNT composites was evaluated with several mass ratios of the composite mix for 1-D steady-state heat transfer at mean temperature, Tm (300-370K), using Lee’s Disc method. …”
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Effect of different drying methods on retention of colour, total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in Pereskia bleo leaves by Nurain Nabilah Zulkipli, Iman Nur Sabrina Norasmadi, Suhaizan Lob, Wan Zaliha Wan Sembok, Nurud Iliani Suhaimi, Aidilla Mubarak

“…The tested drying methods include shade, oven, microwave, and freeze-drying. …”
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Conserving goat sperm post-thawed gene expression and cellular characteristics using the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 supplementation by Oktanella, Yudit, Mustofa, Imam, An-Haru, Fahrunnisak Al-Firda Razak, Putri, Desinta Dwi Melati, Hendrawan, Viski Fitri, Susilowati, Suherni, Degu, Nurhusien Yimer, Hernawati, Tatik

“…Materials and Methods: CoQ10 was added to sperm at six different concentrations: 0 mg/dL (P0), 6.25 mg/dL (P1), 12.5 mg/dL (P2), 25 mg/dL (P3), 50 mg/dL (P4), and 100 mg/dL (P5). …”
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Study on the lead cooled fast reactor (LFR) design by Quek, Ernest Tze Yeor

“…On the contrary, its melting point of 327.4 is considered to be too high which requires new innovative methods to counter the coolant from freezing and blockage of the circulation throughout the core. …”
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Phase Change Dispersion Made by Condensation–Emulsification by Fischer, Ludger J., Dhulipala, Somayajulu, Varanasi, Kripa K.

“…For cooling processes below 0 °C, water has to be diluted with organic liquids to prevent freezing, with the undesired effect of reduced specific heat capacity. …”
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Ocular delivery of predatory bacteria with cryomicroneedles against eye infection by Cui, Mingyue, Zheng, Mengjia, Wiraja, Christian, Chew, Sharon Wan Ting, Mishra, Arti, Mayandi, Venkatesh, Lakshminarayanan, Rajamani, Xu, Chenjie

“…However, there is a lack of suitable methods for the delivery of predatory bacteria into ocular tissue. …”
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Investigation on frosting and defrosting performance of superhydrophobic metal additively manufactured materials by Yew, Yun Chian

“…To enhance the anti-frosting capabilities of both metal alloys, chemical etching using hydrochloric acid and boehmitization were used as methods to form micro/nanostructures on the surface of the tubes. …”
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Incremental learning technologies for semantic segmentation by Yang, Yizhuo

“…In addition, other incremental learning technologies - knowledge distillation, replay and parameter freezing are also applied to the proposed method to further assist the model in overcoming catastrophic forgetting. …”
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Nonequilibrium hyperuniform fluids by Lei, Yusheng

“…In Chapter 4, we explore the discontinuous freezing transition in barrier-controlled nonequilibrium reactive particle systems by molecular dynamics simulations. …”
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Novel plant-derived macroporous scaffolds by Mohammed Shahrudin Ibrahim

“…The ability of pollen microgels to form 3D porous sponges via freeze-drying and the various factors that influence the sponge characteristics were investigated. …”
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Cryogelation of human hair keratins by Chua, Huei Min

“…Nonetheless, conventional methods to translate HHK proteins into meaningful three-dimensional (3D) constructs often require chemical modifications or cross-linking additives. …”
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Urine osmolality assessment through the integration of urea hydrolysis and impedance measurement by Kong, Tian Fook, Shen, Xinhui, Sim, Mei Yi, Yong, Jin, Ng, Tze Kiat, Chong, Tsung Wen, Marcos

“…The urine osmolality of a urine sample can be estimated by determining the concentrations of the conductive solutes and urea, which make up approximately 94% of the urine composition. Our method utilizes impedance measurements to determine the conductive solutes and urea after hydrolysis with urease enzyme. …”
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Multi-objective optimization design and performance evaluation of a novel multi-stream intermediate fluid vaporizer with cold energy recovery by Wang, Zhe, Cai, Wenjian, Hong, Wei, Shen, Suping, Yang, Huizhu, Han, Fenghui

“…In this ingenious design, the self-evaporating gas of cryogenic liquid is adopted as the intermediate medium of IFV so that the equipment freezing can be effectively avoided under large flow conditions. …”
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Okara extract as a potential platform for micronutrients encapsulation in food fortification by Theniko, Nasya Martin

“…The efficacy of extraction process was investigated in varying acidic/alkaline conditions, followed by two different drying methods; freeze-drying and spray-drying. The extracts were tested with FTIR, TGA, DSC, and SEM analysis for material characterization and the extracts were then used to encapsulate β-carotene. …”
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Recent microencapsulation trends for enhancing the stability and functionality of anthocyanins: a review by Ijod, Giroon, Mohamed Nawawi, Nur Izzati, Anwar, Farooq, Abd Rahim, Muhamad Hafiz, Ismail-Fitry, Mohammad Rashedi, Mohd Adzahan, Noranizan, Mohamad Azman, Ezzat

“…This review also covers functional food and nutraceutical applications and introduces novel encapsulation methods, such as freeze-drying, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), coacervation, drum drying, and electrospraying, highlighting their potential in improving the utility of ACNs-rich fruit extracts.…”