Toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on reproduction in mammals by Fan Minghui, Sun Ran, Jiang Yuxue, Sheng Minjia

“…The oxidative stress response in germ cells, irregular cell apoptosis, inflammation, genotoxicity and hormone synthesis disorder are the main mechanisms of nano-TiO2 toxicity. …”
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The influence of learning ability of irradiated and intact rats-parents on higher brain function of their offspring by V. V. Panfilova, O. I. Kolganova, O. F. Chibisova, L. P. Zhavoronkov

“…The expediency of such a previously not used approach is demonstrated on the model of irradiation in a small dose (0.5 Gy) of male germ cells. It is established that the intensity of the radiation effect on this criterion can vary significantly with different approaches to the formation of groups of parents.…”
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Mutations and Antimutagens in Emergency Medicine by V. V. Moroz, S. G. Smirnova, O. V. Ivanova, G. G. Poroshenko

“…Unfortunately, we do not know whether there are available special studies analyzing the frequency of mutations in the germ cells of experimental animals or humans. But those in the somatic cells were reported in various publications more than 30 years ago. …”
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Plant meiosis: the means to 1N. by Bhatt, A, Canales, C, Dickinson, H

“…However, unlike animals, plant meiocytes do not differentiate from a pool of primordial germ cells, but rather arise de novo from a germline formed from sub-epidermal cells in the anthers and ovules. …”

Aspects of cells in Biology / by Perales, Malia, author 648711

“…In order to reproduce, true multicellular organisms must solve the problem of regenerating a whole organism from germ cells (i.e. sperm and egg cells), an issue that is studied in developmental biology. …”
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Spermiogenesis, Stages of Seminiferous Epithelium and Variations in Seminiferous Tubules during Active States of Spermatogenesis in Yangzhou Goose Ganders by Muhammad Faheem Akhtar, Ejaz Ahmad, Sheeraz Mustafa, Zhe Chen, Zhendan Shi, Fangxiong Shi

“…The present study was conducted with the aim to add a contribution in the goose industry and research by the histological visualizing step wise development of germ cells during spermatogenesis by microscopy and a histological technique. …”
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Transcription factor E4F1 dictates spermatogonial stem cell fate decisions by regulating mitochondrial functions and cell cycle progression by Rong-Ge Yan, Zhen He, Fei-Chen Wang, Shuang Li, Qin-Bang Shang, Qi-En Yang

“…Deletion of p53 in E4f1-deficient germ cells only temporarily prevented spermatogonial loss but did not rescue the defects in SSC maintenance. …”
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Overexpression of lncRNA-Gm2044 in spermatogonia impairs spermatogenesis in partial seminiferous tubules by Ke Hu, Yuanyuan Gao, Yifan Xu, Chaofan He, Kaixian Wang, Leina Li, Yaping Liao, Xiaohua Liu, Meng Liang

“…Then, transcriptome sequencing was executed to find the potential signaling pathway repressing spermatogenesis in germ cells of lncRNA-Gm2044 transgenic mice. Through quantitative analysis of differentially expressed genes, 442 upregulated mRNAs and 147 downregulated mRNAs were displayed in male germ cells of Gm2044-transgenic mice (Gm2044-Tg) compared with non-transgenic mice (Non-Tg). …”
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The Cytogenetic Effects of Dexamethazone Drug Sperm on Musmusculus by Safa S. Salman, Amer H. Abbas, Abbas A. Mohammad

“…The first was the negative control group while the second was treated with MMC as positive control, and the three groups (45 mice) treated with three doses (0.02, 0.04 ,0.08mg/kg.bw) from dexamethasone drug.The result refer that the dexamethasone cause increasing in many kind of head sperm abnormality (p<0.01).Which indicate the high side effect of this drug on germ cells so we can conclude that this drug may permanently sterilize in the mice.…”
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The evolutionary ecology of pre- and post-meiotic sperm senescence. by Pizzari, T, Dean, R, Pacey, A, Moore, H, Bonsall, M

“…Two pathways mediate sperm senescence: pre-meiotic senescence of somatic and germ cells of the ageing male, and post-meiotic ageing of the spermatozoon. …”

Protocol for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to study spermatogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans by Peng Wang, Zheng Cao, Qiushi Wang, Xiaojing Ma, Ning Wang, Lianwan Chen, Yanmei Zhao, Long Miao

“…Summary: Gene silencing by P-element-induced wimpy testis-interacting RNAs is a mechanism to maintain genome integrity in germ cells. Here, we present a protocol for knockin or knockout editing of male germline genome mediated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology in Caenorhabditis elegans. …”
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Crosstalk between Stress Granules, Exosomes, Tumour Antigens, and Immune Cells: Significance for Cancer Immunity by Vinoth Kumar Kothandan, Sangeetha Kothandan, Do Hee Kim, Youngro Byun, Yong-kyu Lee, In-Kyu Park, Seung Rim Hwang

“…Meanwhile, developmental cancer/testis (CT) antigens that are normally sequestered in male germ cells of the testes, but which are overexpressed in malignant tumour cells, can function as tumour antigens triggering immune responses. …”
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EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF MOBILE PHONES (1745 MHZ) ON BLOOD AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALE RATS by G. G. Vereschako, N. V. Chueshova, V. I. Shalatonin, D. V. Suchareva

“…By the 30th day revealed changes in the parameters studied mostly normalized, with the exception of significant fall viability of mature germ cells at 60-day and the number of granulocytes in the 90-day exposure.…”
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A way for in vitro/ex vivo egg production in mammals by Kanako MOROHAKU

“…Eggs are female germ cells that are required for producing offspring through sexual reproduction. …”
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Precise Genome Editing in Poultry and Its Application to Industries by Jin Se Park, Kyung Youn Lee, Jae Yong Han

“…In particular, these techniques have been combined with cultured primordial germ cells (PGCs) and viral vector systems to generate a valuable genome-edited avian model for a variety of purposes. …”
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Ultrastructural Evaluation of the Human Oocyte at the Germinal Vesicle Stage during the Application of Assisted Reproductive Technologies by Maria Grazia Palmerini, Sevastiani Antonouli, Guido Macchiarelli, Sandra Cecconi, Serena Bianchi, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Stefania Annarita Nottola

“…After the discovery of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) such as <i>in vitro</i> maturation (IVM), <i>in vitro</i> fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), its developing potential was explored, and recognized as an important source of germ cells, especially in the case of scarce availability of mature oocytes for pathological/clinical conditions or in the case of previous recurrent implantation failure. …”
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Viral infection of spermatozoa. Part 1. Hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus (review) by E. E. Bragina

“…Intragametal viral infection of spermatozoa can cause true vertical transmission of viruses through germ cells. Currently, human papilloma-virus, including oncogenic risk strains, and hepatitis B virus, have been detected in spermatozoa. …”
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Cancer-testis antigen MAGE-C1/ CT7 in multiple myeloma: literature review by E. A. Makunina

“…Group of tumor-associated antigens, which is normally expressed in placental cells and testicular germ cells, is called cancer-testis antigens. To date, more than 40 gene families have been identified that encode cancer-testis antigens, and their expression has been studied in many types of malignant diseases. …”
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CURRENT STATUS OF GERMLINE STEM CELLS IN ADULT MAMMALIAN OVARY by Kenan Kirteke, Enes Taylan, Yodo Sugishita

“…For more than five decades, it has been believed that females are born with a fixed number of germ cells that constitute ovarian follicle reserve and depletion of this reserve causes menopause. …”
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The DNA Damage Response in Fully Grown Mammalian Oocytes by Alexandros Pailas, Konstantina Niaka, Chrysoula Zorzompokou, Petros Marangos

“…Mammalian oocytes, the female germ cells, are produced before birth, remaining arrested at the prophase stage of meiosis over a long period of time. …”
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