R-loop landscape in mature human sperm: Regulatory and evolutionary implications by Maurice Scheuren, Jonas Möhner, Hans Zischler

“…To potentially harness transcription-coupled repair mechanisms in the germline, nearly the entire genome is expressed during the early stages of male gametogenesis in mammals, providing ample opportunity for the formation of a transcriptome-dependent R-loop landscape in male germ cells. In this study, our data demonstrated the presence of R-loops in fully mature human and bonobo sperm heads and their partial correspondence to transcribed regions and chromatin structure, which is massively reorganized from mainly histone to mainly protamine-packed chromatin in mature sperm. …”
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Xenoestrogens diethylstilbestrol and zearalenone negatively influence pubertal rat's testis. by Katarzyna Marchlewska, Anna Guminska, Elzbieta Oszukowska, Renata Walczak-Jedrzejowska, Eliza Filipiak, Krzysztof Kula, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer

“…The negative influence of E on germ cells was less pronounced. The negative effect of ZEA was seen only after administration of the higher dose on spermatogonia number, while DES and E decreased A/In/B number more evidently. …”
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Role of SOX Protein Groups F and H in Lung Cancer Progression by Mateusz Olbromski, Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów, Piotr Dzięgiel

“…Another SOX family protein, the SOX30 transcription factor, is responsible for the development of male germ cells. Additionally, recent studies have shown its proapoptotic character in non-small cell lung cancer cells. …”
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CPEB1 deletion is not a common explanation for premature ovarian insufficiency in a Chinese cohort by Wenlin Jiao, Shidou Zhao, Ran Liu, Ting Guo, Yingying Qin

“…Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) is a post-transcriptional regulatory protein that is highly expressed in germ cells and promotes oocytes maturation, and several studies have found microdeletions of chromosome 15q25.2, which contains the CPEB1 gene, in POI patients. …”
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RFX2 Is a Major Transcriptional Regulator of Spermiogenesis. by W Stephen Kistler, Dominique Baas, Sylvain Lemeille, Marie Paschaki, Queralt Seguin-Estevez, Emmanuèle Barras, Wenli Ma, Jean-Luc Duteyrat, Laurette Morlé, Bénédicte Durand, Walter Reith

“…Spermatogenesis consists broadly of three phases: proliferation of diploid germ cells, meiosis, and finally extensive differentiation of the haploid cells into effective delivery vehicles for the paternal genome. …”
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Histomorphometric and Histopathological Alterations of Rat Testis Following Exposure to Hydrogen ‎Peroxide: Protective Role of Resveratrol Supplement by Jasim M Abdulla, Baraa N Al-Okaily

“…Our results showed that administration ‎of H2O2 caused a significant histomorphometric with histopathological changes in the form of a ‎thickness of fibrous tunica albuginea, disarrangement of germ cells, necrosis of spermatogonia, ‎edema, and loss of sperms as compared to other groups. …”
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Dynamics of hydraulic and contractile wave-mediated fluid transport during Drosophila oogenesis by Imran Alsous, Jasmin, Romeo, Nicolas, Jackson, Jonathan A, Mason, Frank M, Dunkel, Jörn, Martin, Adam C

“…From insects to mice, oocytes develop within cysts alongside nurse-like sister germ cells. Prior to fertilization, the nurse cells’ cytoplasmic contents are transported into the oocyte, which grows as its sister cells regress and die. …”
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Studies of piRNA synthesis by Wang, M

“…RNA silencing is a form of post-transcriptional gene regulation, in which a small RNA guides a member of the Argonaute protein family in an effector complex to repress target gene expression. piRNAs, found in germ cells, are the most recently discovered major subset of small RNAs. …”

Genetic and molecular studies of early embryogenesis in Drosophila by Kidd, T

“…Investigation of such genes requires the generation of homozygous mutant germ cells in chimeric females, and analysis of their embryos. …”

Determining the optimal time interval between sample acquisition and cryopreservation when processing immature testicular tissue to preserve fertility by Tang, S, Jones, CH, Davies, J, Lane, S, Mitchell, RT, Coward, K

“…The expression of genes related to germ cells, spermatogenesis (STRA8, PLZF, GFRα-1, C-KIT, THY1, UCHL-1, NANOG, OCT-4, CREM), and apoptosis (HSP70-2) remained stable over 48 h. …”

Division of labour and the evolution of complex groups by Cooper, G

“…For example, the division of labour between reproductive germ cells and sterile somatic cells facilitated the evolution of obligate multicellular organisms. …”

The fatty acid synthase gene is a conserved p53 family target from worm to human. by D'Erchia, A, Tullo, A, Lefkimmiatis, K, Saccone, C, Sbisà, E

“…Of relevant importance is that fasn-1 is the first CEP-1 direct target gene identified so far in C. elegans and our results suggest a new CEP-1 role in cellular proliferation and development, besides the one already described in apoptosis of germ cells. These data confirm the hypothesis that the ancestral functions of the single invertebrate gene may have been spread out among the three vertebrate members, each of them have acquired specific role in cell cycle regulation.…”

Providing recurrence risk counselling for parents after diagnosis of a serious genetic condition caused by an apparently de novo mutation in their child: a qualitative investigatio... by Kay, AC, Wells, J, Hallowell, N, Goriely, A

“…Although DNMs usually arise as one-off events, they can also originate through the process of mosaicism in either parent; in this instance, the DNM is present in multiple germ cells and the actual recurrence risk could theoretically be as high as 50%.…”

Studies of the murine homolog of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene, men1. by Bassett, J, Rashbass, P, Harding, B, Forbes, SA, Pannett, A, Thakker, R

“…In situ hybridization confirmed an early ubiquitous expression in whole mount mouse embryos and adult tissues, but in the latter, different levels of cellular expression were observed, e.g., men1 expression was higher in testicular Sertoli cells than in germ cells. Thus, the mouse men1 gene and the basis of alternative transcripts have been defined, and these will help to facilitate studies of a mouse model.…”

Genetic evidence for differential functions of figla and nobox in zebrafish ovarian differentiation and folliculogenesis by Kun Wu, Yue Zhai, Mingming Qin, Cheng Zhao, Nana Ai, Jianguo He, Wei Ge

“…In this study, we attenuated the male-promoting pathway by deleting dmrt1, a key male-promoting gene, in figla-/- and nobox-/- fish, which allows a sufficient display of defects in folliculogenesis. Germ cells in figla-/-;dmrt1-/- double mutant remained in cysts without forming follicles. …”
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Loss of Cx43 in Murine Sertoli Cells Leads to Altered Prepubertal Sertoli Cell Maturation and Impairment of the Mitosis-Meiosis Switch by Erika Hilbold, Ottmar Distl, Martina Hoedemaker, Sandra Wilkening, Rüdiger Behr, Aleksandar Rajkovic, Marion Langeheine, Kristina Rode, Klaus Jung, Julia Metzger, Ralph H. J. Brehm

“…Expression of the gap junction protein Cx43 between adjacent SCs as well as between SCs and germ cells (GCs) is known to be essential for the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in different species and men. …”
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Three‐dimensional genome structure shapes the recombination landscape of chromatin features during female germline stem cell development by Geng G. Tian, Changliang Hou, Jing Li, Ji Wu

“…Methods The high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture technique was used to probe the 3D structure of chromatin in mouse germ cells at each stage of FGSC development. Results The global 3D genome was dramatically reorganized during FGSC development. …”
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Spermatogonia Cells by Ana Rita Pinho, Filipa Martins, M. Elisabete V. Costa, Ana M. R. Senos, Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Sandra Rebelo

“…In previous studies, ZnO NPs have been identified as a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic inducer in testis and male germ cells. However, the consequences for the first cell stage of spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, have never been evaluated. …”
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Exploring the environmental factor fulvic acid attenuates the ecotoxicity of graphene oxide under food delivery exposure by Xun Luo, Yajun Zhang, Yun Wang, Qianduo Chen, Junfang Tu, Mei He, Jiaming Zhang, Yu Wu

“…More importantly, GO and the resulting injurious effects of germ cells could be transferred to the next generation, indicating that GO exposure could cause genetic damage across generations. …”
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Origanum majorana essential oil improves the rat’s sexual behavior and testicular oxidative damage induced by imidacloprid via modulating the steroidogenesis pathways by Sally Mehanna, Marwa Y. Issa, Neven H. Hassan, Ahmed M. Hussien, Marwa A. Ibrahim, Eman I. Hassanen

“…Histopathological examination showed severe degeneration and necrosis in both germ cells and Leydig cells with atrophy in most of the seminiferous tubules. …”
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