The effect of dietary carbohydrate and calorie restriction on weight and metabolic health in overweight/obese individuals: a multi-center randomized controlled trial by Jia Sun, Yuting Ruan, Ningning Xu, Peili Wu, Nie Lin, Kun Yuan, Shengli An, Pei Kang, Shu Li, Qiya Huang, Yingzhang, Yuzhong Li, Jialin Su, Wenjun Ma, Bo Chen, Xiuwei Zhang, Xiaoming Chen, Yongqian Liang, Zeyuan Lu, Guobao Deng, Zhen Zhang, Yuqin Wang, Weiheng Wen, Huijie Zhang, Hong Chen

“…Serum triglycerides were significantly reduced in the LC + CR diet group compared with the LC or CR diet alone. Plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and cholesterol concentrations (total, LDL, and HDL) did not change significantly between the groups during the 12-week intervention. …”
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Evaluating the correlation of sclerostin levels with obesity and type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic population living in Kuwait by Tahani Alramah, Preethi Cherian, Irina Al-Khairi, Mohamed Abu-Farha, Mohamed Abu-Farha, Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj, Ahmed N. Albatineh, Fayez Safadi, Fayez Safadi, Hamad Ali, Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Heikki A. Koistinen, Heikki A. Koistinen, Heikki A. Koistinen, Fahd Al-Mulla, Fahd Al-Mulla, Jehad Abubaker

“…Furthermore, SOST levels showed a significant positive correlation with gender, age, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, ALT, and AST (p-Value ≥0.05). …”
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Enhancing Metabolic Efficiency through Optimizing Metabolizable Protein Profile in a Time Progressive Manner with Weaned Goats as a Model: Involvement of Gut Microbiota by Jian Wu, Xiaoli Zhang, Min Wang, Chuanshe Zhou, Jinzhen Jiao, Zhiliang Tan

“…Here, using weaned goats as a model, we report that animals adapted to high rumen-undegradable protein diet in a dynamic manner by enriching fecal community that could effectively move toward and scavenge nutrients such as glucose and amino acids and, thereafter, elicit butyrate and BCAA production. …”
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Cumulative Lactation and Clinical Metabolic Outcomes at Mid-Life among Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes by Pandora L. Wander, Stefanie N. Hinkle, Daniel A. Enquobahrie, Jing Wu, Sylvia H. Ley, Louise G. Grunnet, Jorge E. Chavarro, Mengying Li, Anne A. Bjerregaard, Aiyi Liu, Peter Damm, Seth Sherman, Shristi Rawal, Yeyi Zhu, Liwei Chen, James L. Mills, Frank B. Hu, Allan Vaag, Sjurdur F. Olsen, Cuilin Zhang

“…Using data from the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study (2012–2014; <i>n</i> = 577), a longitudinal cohort of women with past GDM from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002), we assessed associations of cumulative lactation duration (none, <6 months, 6–12 months, ≥12–24 months, and ≥24 months) with clinical metabolic outcomes (including type 2 diabetes [T2D], prediabetes, and obesity) and cardiometabolic biomarkers (including biomarkers of glucose/insulin metabolism, fasting lipids, inflammation, and anthropometrics) 9–16 years after enrollment when women were at mid-life. …”
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Chemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Fucoidan from <i>Sargassum hemiphyllum</i> by Rui Li, Qing-Ling Zhou, Shu-Tong Chen, Min-Rui Tai, Hong-Ying Cai, Rui Ding, Xiao-Fei Liu, Jian-Ping Chen, Lian-Xiang Luo, Sai-Yi Zhong

“…The SHF, with a molecular weight of 1166.48 kDa (44.06%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), consisted of glucose (32.68%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), galactose (24.81%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), fucose (20.75%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), xylose (6.98%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), mannose (2.76%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), other neutral monosaccharides, and three uronic acids, including glucuronic acid (5.39%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), mannuronic acid (1.76%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), and guronuronic acid (1.76%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>). …”
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Melatonin ameliorates serobiochemical alterations and restores the cardio-nephro diabetic vascular and cellular alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Khalaf F. Alsharif, Khalaf F. Alsharif, Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy, Mohamed A. Alblihd, Mohamed A. Alblihd, Asmaa A. Hamad, Asmaa A. Hamad, Nani Nasreldin, Walaa Alsanie, Ahmad Majed Aljoudi, Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni, Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni, Osama M. Al-Amer, Osama M. Al-Amer, Alaa Jameel A. Albarakati, Maha S. Lokman, Maha S. Lokman, Ashraf Albrakati, Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali

“…The serum biochemical analysis of diabetic STZ rats showed a significant (P &lt; 0.05) increase in the concentrations of blood glucose, total oxidative capacity (TOC), CK-MB, endothelin-1, myoglobin, H-FABP, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine as compared to control rats. …”
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A Novel Sulfated Glycoprotein Elicitor Extracted from the Moroccan Green Seaweed <i>Codium decorticatum</i> Induces Natural Defenses in Tomato by Meriem Aitouguinane, Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi, Halima Rchid, Imen Fendri, Slim Abdelkafi, Mohamed Didi Ould El-Hadj, Zakaria Boual, Pascal Dubessay, Philippe Michaud, Didier Le Cerf, Christophe Rihouey, Guillaume Pierre, Cédric Delattre, Cherkaoui El Modafar

“…The AGB and AGP extracts contained 37.67% and 48.38% of the total carbohydrates, respectively, and were mainly composed of galactose, glucose, arabinose, and a minor amount of xylose and rhamnose. …”
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Clinical Features of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Non-Lean Population by Min-ran Li, Jin-Zhong Li, Jie-ying Li, Cun-chuan Wang, Rui-kun Yuan, Li-hong Ye, Yun-yan Liu, Xu-jing Liang, Hai-cong Zhang, Zhi-quan Liu, Dong-yu Zeng, Xue-dong Zhang, De-hua Wang, Jun-qing Li, Tao-yuan Li, Liu Yang, Yang Cao, Yun Pan, Xun-ge Lin, Calvin Q Pan, Er-hei Dai, Zhi-yong Dong

“…Patients in the obesity group had a significantly lower level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, higher levels of platelet, glucose, prothrombin time, and more common of moderate to severe inflammatory activity when compared to those in the overweight group. …”
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Diabetes Mellitus in Prader-Willi Syndrome: Natural History during the Transition from Childhood to Adulthood in a Cohort of 39 Patients by Alice Clerc, Muriel Coupaye, Héléna Mosbah, Graziella Pinto, Virginie Laurier, Fabien Mourre, Christine Merrien, Gwenaëlle Diene, Christine Poitou, Maithé Tauber

“…These results underline the need for early identification of patients at risk, prevention of obesity, and repeated blood glucose monitoring during the transition period.…”
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Effects of PPM1K rs1440581 and rs7678928 on serum branched-chain amino acid levels and risk of cardiovascular disease by Wen Hu, Ziyu Liu, Weinan Yu, Surong Wen, Xiaoqing Wang, Xing Qi, Hairong Hao, Yanwen Lu, Jing Li, Shayan Li, Hongwen Zhou

“…Lifestyle intervention had little influence on the serum levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), TG, HDL-c, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST and creatinine (CREA) in subjects with rs1440581 CC genotype or rs7678928 TT genotype (p> .05). …”
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Real-World Treatment Patterns according to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: Multicenter, Retr... by Ye Seul Yang, Nam Hoon Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jang Won Son, Seung-Hwan Lee, Sang Youl Rhee, Soo-Kyung Kim, Tae Seo Sohn, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Chong Hwa Kim, Keeho Song, Eun-Jung Rhee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur

“…Background Recent diabetes management guidelines recommend that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with proven cardiovascular benefits should be prioritized for combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). …”
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Metabolic risk in schoolchildren is associated with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and parents’ nutritional profile by Pâmela Ferreira Todendi, Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Elza Daniel de Mello, Anelise Reis Gaya, Miria Suzana Burgos

“…The metabolic risk profile was calculated by summing the standardized values of high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose and systolic blood pressure. The parents’ nutritional status was evaluated by self-reported weight and height data, for body mass index calculating. …”
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Therapeutic mechanism of baicalein in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritoneal fibrosis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation by Xiaohui Lu, Xiaohui Lu, Kefei Wu, Kefei Wu, Simin Jiang, Simin Jiang, Yi Li, Yi Li, Yating Wang, Yating Wang, Hongyu Li, Hongyu Li, Guanglan Li, Guanglan Li, Qinghua Liu, Qinghua Liu, Yi Zhou, Yi Zhou, Wei Chen, Wei Chen, Haiping Mao, Haiping Mao

“…Importantly, using a mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis by intraperitoneally injecting 4.25% glucose dialysate, we found that baicalein treatment significantly attenuated peritoneal fibrosis, as evident by decreased collagen deposition, protein expression of α-SMA and fibronectin, and peritoneal thickness, at least, by reducing the expression of MMP2, suggesting that baicalein may have therapeutic potential in suppressing peritoneal dialysis-related fibrosis.…”
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Predicting hypertension by obesity- and lipid-related indices in mid-aged and elderly Chinese: a nationwide cohort study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study by Yuqing Li, Jiaofeng Gui, Xiaoyun Zhang, Ying Wang, Yujin Mei, Xue Yang, Haiyang Liu, Lei-lei Guo, Jinlong Li, Yunxiao Lei, Xiaoping Li, Lu Sun, Liu Yang, Ting Yuan, Congzhi Wang, Dongmei Zhang, Huanhuan Wei, Jing Li, Mingming Liu, Ying Hua, Lin Zhang

“…We examined 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices, including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), lipid accumulation product index (LAP), conicity index (CI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG-index) and their combined indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR). …”
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The F-actin modifier villin regulates insulin granule dynamics and exocytosis downstream of islet cell autoantigen 512 by Hassan Mziaut, Bernard Mulligan, Peter Hoboth, Oliver Otto, Anna Ivanova, Maik Herbig, Desiree Schumann, Tobias Hildebrandt, Jaber Dehghany, Anke Sönmez, Carla Münster, Michael Meyer-Hermann, Jochen Guck, Yannis Kalaidzidis, Michele Solimena

“…Moreover, in cells depleted either of villin or Ica512 F-actin cages restraining cortical SGs were enlarged, basal secretion was increased while glucose-stimulated insulin release was blunted. The latter changes were reverted by overexpressing villin in Ica512-depleted cells, but not vice versa. …”
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Dietary N-carbamylglutamate and L-arginine supplementation improves redox status and suppresses apoptosis in the colon of intrauterine growth-retarded suckling lambs by Hao Zhang, Yi Zheng, Xia Zha, Xiaoyun Liu, Yi Ma, Juan J. Loor, Mabrouk Elsabagh, Mengzhi Wang, Hongrong Wang, Honghua Jiang

“…Both mRNA and protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein 10 (CHOP10), B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 2 (Bcl-2) -associated X protein (Bax), apoptosis antigen 1 (Fas), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), caspase 3, and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were lower (P < 0.05) while glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), Bcl-2 and catalase (CAT) levels were higher (P < 0.05) in colonic tissue for IUGR + Arg and IUGR + NCG lambs compared with IUGR lambs. …”
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Is exercise a medicine or a vaccine adjuvant? A Look at Obesity and Covid-19 by Shahram Manoochehry, Fatemeh Rostamkhani, Hossein Shirvani, Yosef Ebrahimpour

“…These include reducing the incidence of a number of different cancers, lowering the risk of excessive weight gain (along with related health problems as well as diabetes), and improving cardiovascular health (as well as reducing the risk of high blood pressure in addition to heart stroke) (Ghardashi-Afousi et al., 2018).The acute effect of exercise has been shown to lead to a transient decrease in triglyceride levels, an increase in HDL cholesterol levels, a decrease in blood pressure, a decrease in insulin resistance, and an improvement in glucose control. Regular exercise increases blood flow and oxygen to the brain which improves memory and mental function. …”
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Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Its Correlation with Cardiometabolic Index in Xinjiang Region by LI Xing, YANG Yining

“…In the comparison between the HUA group and non-HUA group, there was no statistically significant difference in stroke history and HDL-C levels (P&gt;0.05) ; the differences in gender, age, ethnicity, history of coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) , systolic blood pressure (SBP) , urea nitrogen (UN) , blood uric acid (SUA) , creatinine, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , triacylglycerol (TG) , total cholesterol (TC) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) , and CMI were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) . …”
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RFX6 facilitates aerobic glycolysis‐mediated growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting PGAM1 by Zhiyu Qiu, Chenwei Wang, Pinzhu Huang, Yichuan Yuan, Yunxing Shi, Zhu Lin, Zhenkun Huang, Dinglan Zuo, Jiliang Qiu, Wei He, Jingxian Shen, Yi Niu, Yunfei Yuan, Binkui Li

“…Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells undergo reprogramming of glucose metabolism to support uncontrolled proliferation, of which the intrinsic mechanism still merits further investigation. …”
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Corni Fructus extracts ameliorate Streptozotocin-Induced diabetes in mice via regulating AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 signaling pathway by Xiaolin Yang, Yujing Wang, Xueqi Tang, Junfeng Wei, Xiaobo Yu, Jiefang Kang, Yong Xi, Xiaochang Xue

“…The results showed that CF can inhibit the body weight loss, decrease blood glucose and regulate serum lipid contents in T2DM mice. …”
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