The age of North America’s youngest Paleozoic continental vertebrates: a review of data from the Middle Permian Pease River (Texas) and El Reno (Oklahoma) Groups by Laurin Michel, Hook Robert W.

“…This true void in the late Kungurian was first reported a half century ago but has not been recognized in recent biochronology studies. …”
Get full text

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes iNOS/NO and Influences Inflammation in the Development of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Ashim K. Bagchi, Akshi Malik, Gauri Akolkar, Davinder S. Jassal, Pawan K. Singal

“…Despite extensive studies over the past half century, the subcellular basis of Dox-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) is still elusive. …”
Get full text

Cost analysis of stratospheric albedo modification delivery systems by Justin McClellan, David W Keith, Jay Apt

“…We conclude that (a) the basic technological capability to deliver material to the stratosphere at million tonne per year rates exists today, (b) based on prior literature, a few million tonnes per year would be sufficient to alter radiative forcing by an amount roughly equivalent to the growth of anticipated greenhouse gas forcing over the next half century, and that (c) several different methods could possibly deliver this quantity for less than $8B per year. …”
Get full text

Memoir and the Re-reading of Fiction: Rudy Wiebe’s of this earth and Peace Shall Destroy Many by Paul Tiessen

“…That early novel was a caustic work notoriously controversial especially among Mennonite readers in Canada when it appeared almost a half-century ago. The 2006 memoir—with intertextual allusion—invites readers to recall especially one layer of that early novel barely noticed by readers, a layer eclipsed and partially hidden by the dominant narrative. …”
Get full text

A fluorescence-based high-throughput screening method for cytokinin translocation mutants by Mengyuan Zhang, Bingli Ding, Jiangzhe Zhao, Penghong Zhang, Yujia Li, Guodong Yang, Kewei Zhang

“…Abstract Background Cytokinins are one kind of phytohormones essential for plant growth, development and stress responses. In the past half century, significant progresses have been made in the studies of cytokinin signal transduction and metobolic pathways, but the mechanism of cytokinin translocation is poorly understood. …”
Get full text

Advancements in Microprocessor Architecture for Ubiquitous AI—An Overview on History, Evolution, and Upcoming Challenges in AI Implementation by Fatima Hameed Khan, Muhammad Adeel Pasha, Shahid Masud

“…The buzz around AI is not new, as this term has been widely known for the past half century. In the 1960s, scientists began to think about machines acting more like humans, which resulted in the development of the first natural language processing computers. …”
Get full text

Sources and sinks of bottom water oxygen in a seasonally hypoxic fjord by Subhadeep Rakshit, Andrew W. Dale, Douglas W. Wallace, Christopher Kenneth Algar

“…Deoxygenation of the ocean has been occurring over the last half century, particularly in poorly ventilated coastal waters. …”
Get full text

Functional analysis of host factors that mediate the intracellular lifestyle of Cryptococcus neoformans. by Qing-Ming Qin, Jijing Luo, Xiaorong Lin, Jianwu Pei, Lei Li, Thomas A Ficht, Paul de Figueiredo

“…Despite more than a half-century of investigation into host-Cn interactions, host factors that mediate infection by this fungal pathogen remain obscure. …”
Get full text

Climate-driven shifts in continental net primary production implicated as a driver of a recent abrupt increase in the land carbon sink by W. Buermann, C. Beaulieu, B. Parida, D. Medvigy, G. J. Collatz, J. Sheffield, J. L. Sarmiento

“…The world's ocean and land ecosystems act as sinks for anthropogenic CO₂, and over the last half century their combined sink strength grew steadily with increasing CO₂ emissions. …”
Get full text

Trends of extramarital births in Serbia in the second half of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century in the wider European context by Stanković Biljana, Penev Goran

“…Great changes that European countries have been undergoing in the last half-century related to fertility and family forms were also followed by an intense increase in the share of extramarital births. …”
Get full text

Anthropogenic Influence on Recent Bathymetric Change in West-Central San Francisco Bay by Patrick Barnard, Rikk Kvitek

“…Sediment loss in the entire San Francisco Bay Coastal System during the last half-century, as estimated from a series of bathymetric change studies, is 240 million cubic meters, and most of this is believed to be coarse sediment (i.e., sand and gravel) from Central Bay and the San Francisco Bar, which is likely to limit the sand supply to adjacent, open-coast beaches. …”
Get full text

Efficiently Secure Architecture for Future Network by YANG Xin, LI Hui, QUE Jianming, MA Zhentai, LI Gengxin, YAO Yao, WANG Bin, JIANG Fuli

“…Traditional IP-based Internet offers an end-to-end data transport service and has developed rapidly in the past half-century.However,serious security incidents emerged from attacks based on traditional networks.Traditional security mechanisms(e.g.,firewalls,intrusion detection systems) enhance security.However,most of them only provide some remedial strategies rather than solve the address-security problem radically due to the lack of change in network design.The overall in-depth security of the networked system cannot be guaranteed without a fundamental change.In order to meet the development requirements of the next generation of an endogenous security network,one of the future networks,the multi-identifier network(MIN),is introduced as our research background.This paper proposes an efficient scheme in hieratical architecture that provides comprehensive protection by addressing the security aspects pertaining to the network and application layers.At the network layer,the proposed architecture develops a multi-identifier routing scheme with embedded identity-based authentication and packet signature mechanisms to provide data tamper-resistance and traceability.At the application layer,the proposed architecture designs a mimic defensive scheme combined with weighted network centrality measures.This scheme focuses on protecting the core components of the whole network to improve the service's robustness and efficiently resist potential attacks.This paper tests and evaluates the proposed scheme from a theoretical and practical perspective.An analytical model is built based on the random walk for theoretical evaluation.In experiments,the proposed scheme is developed in MIN as MIN-VPN.Then considering IP-VPN as a baseline,anti-attack tests are conducted on IP-VPN and MIN-VPN.The results of theoretical evaluations and experiments show that the proposed scheme provides excellent transmission performance and successful defense against various TCP/IP-based attacks with acceptable defensive cost,demonstrating this security mechanism's effectiveness.In addition,after long-period penetration testing in three international elite security contests,the proposed method is effectively immune to all TCP/IP-based attacks from thousands of professional teams,thus verifying its strong security.…”
Get full text

The Future of Reef Ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico: Insights From Coupled Climate Model Simulations and Ancient Hot-House Reefs by Sylvia G. Dee, Mark A. Torres, Rowan C. Martindale, Anna Weiss, Kristine L. DeLong

“…Shallow water coral reefs and deep sea coral communities are sensitive to current and future environmental stresses, such as changes in sea surface temperatures (SST), salinity, carbonate chemistry, and acidity. Over the last half-century, some reef communities have been disappearing at an alarming pace. …”
Get full text

Exciting perspectives for Translational Myology in the Abstracts of the 2018Spring PaduaMuscleDays: Giovanni Salviati Memorial – Chapter II - Abstracts of March 15, 2018 by Ugo Carraro

“…Myologists working in Padua (Italy) were able to continue a half-century tradition of studies of skeletal muscles, that started with a research on fever, specifically if and how skeletal muscle contribute to it by burning bacterial toxin. …”
Get full text

Source apportionment and source-specific risk evaluation of potential toxic elements in oasis agricultural soils of Tarim River Basin by Yizhen Li, Jilili Abuduwaili, Long Ma, Wen Liu, Tao Zeng

“…Abstract As rapidly developing area of intensive agriculture during the past half century, the oases in the source region of the Tarim River have encountered serious environmental challenges. …”
Get full text

Drivers of peat accumulation rate in a raised bog: impact of drainage, climate, and local vegetation composition by N. Stivrins, I. Ozola, M. Gałka, E. Kuske, T. Alliksaar, T.J. Andersen, M. Lamentowicz, S. Wulf, T. Reitalu

“…Although the peat accumulation rate has been affected by drainage over the last half-century, it is still 2.8 mm per year. There was no strong correlation with the historical climate record, suggesting that the bog area has buffered the influence of climate change over the last 150 years.…”
Get full text

ADT: The automatic weather station data tool by Rija Faniriantsoa, Tufa Dinku

“…However, in many parts of Africa, weather stations are sparse, and their numbers have been declining over the last half-century. Moreover, the distribution of existing meteorological stations is uneven, with most weather stations located in towns and cities along the main roads. …”
Get full text

Detection and Attribution of Runoff Reduction of Weihe River over Different Periods during 1961–2016 by Shuai Yang, Tingting Kang, Jingyi Bu, Jiahao Chen, Zhipeng Wang, Yanchun Gao

“…An obvious decline in runoff of the Weihe River has been detected during the last half-century. Climate change and human activity acted as two major factors inducing the reduction. …”
Get full text

Modelling Acacia saligna invasion on the Adriatic coastal landscape: An integrative approach using LTER data by Flavio Marzialetti, Manuele Bazzichetto, Silvia Giulio, Alicia T.R. Acosta, Angela Stanisci, Marco Malavasi, Maria Laura Carranza

“…Acacia saligna is an Australian vascular plant introduced into Europe during the last half century and is one of the most aggressive IAS in the Mediterranean basin. …”
Get full text

Iconography of Beans and Related Legumes Following the Columbian Exchange by James R. Myers, Alice K. Formiga, Jules Janick

“…The illustration of common bean recognized as the first in Europe is in Fuchs’ Di Historias Stirpium, published in 1542 and a half-century after beans were observed in the Caribbean. …”
Get full text