Bioenergetics and Biomechanics of Handcycling at Submaximal Speeds in Athletes with a Spinal Cord Injury by Gabriela Fischer, Pedro Figueiredo, Luca Paolo Ardigò

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Different cadences and resistances in sub-maximal synchronous handcycling in able-bodied men: Effects on efficiency and force application. by Cassandra Kraaijenbrink, Riemer J K Vegter, Alexander H R Hensen, Heiko Wagner, Lucas H V van der Woude

“…With the introduction of an add-on handcycle, a crank system that can be placed in front of a wheelchair, handcycling was made widely available for daily life. …”
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Effect of three different grip angles on physical parameters during laboratory test in handcycling in able-bodied participants by Thomas eAbel, Brendan eBurkett, Barbara eThees, Stefan eSchneider, Christopher eAskew, Heiko K. Stueder

“…Introduction: Handcycling is a relatively new wheelchair sport that has gained increased popularity for people with lower limb disabilities. …”
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Handcycling with concurrent lower body low-frequency electromyostimulation significantly increases acute oxygen uptake: implications for rehabilitation and prevention by Ludwig Rappelt, Steffen Held, Lars Donath

“…Method Twenty-six healthy young adults (13 female, age: 23.4 ± 4.5 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass: 71.7 ± 16.7 kg) completed 4 ×10 minutes of sitting (SIT), sitting with concurrent EMS (EMS_SIT), handcycling (60 rpm, 1/2 bodyweight as resistance in watts) (HANDCYCLE) and handcycling with concurrent EMS of the lower extremities (EMS_HANDCYCLE). …”
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Biomechanical and physiological differences between synchronous and asynchronous low intensity handcycling during practice-based learning in able-bodied men by Cassandra Kraaijenbrink, Riemer J. K. Vegter, Alexander H. R. Hensen, Heiko Wagner, Lucas H. V. van der Woude

“…Abstract Background Originally, the cranks of a handcycle were mounted with a 180° phase shift (asynchronous). …”
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Assessment of peak oxygen uptake during handcycling: Test-retest reliability and comparison of a ramp-incremented and perceptually-regulated exercise test. by Michael J Hutchinson, Thomas A W Paulson, Roger Eston, Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey

“…The 95% LoA were -1.9 ± 4.1 (-9.9 to 6.2) ml·kg-1·min-1.The PRETmax can be used as a reliable test to measure [Formula: see text] during handcycle exercise in recreationally active participants. …”
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Crank fore-aft position alters the distribution of work over the push and pull phase during synchronous recumbent handcycling of able-bodied participants. by Riemer J K Vegter, Barry S Mason, Bastiaan Sporrel, Benjamin Stone, Lucas H V van der Woude, Vicky L Goosey-Tolfrey

“…These findings may help handcyclists to optimize their recumbent handcycle configuration.…”
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Handbike for Daily Use, Sport, and Rehabilitation Purposes: A Literature Review of Actuation and Technical Characteristics by Michele Sanguinetta, Giovanni Incerti, Cinzia Amici, Giovanni Legnani

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Assessment of the Relationship between Selected Factors and Stress-Coping Strategies in Handcyclists—A Preliminary Study by Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska, Wioletta Pawlukowska, Aleksandra Szylińska, Natalia Tomska, Anna Mikołajczyk-Kocięcka, Magdalena Ptak, Grażyna Dutkiewicz, Iwona Rotter

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Effects of Upper Body Exercise Training on Aerobic Fitness and Performance in Healthy People: A Systematic Review by Natalie Marterer, Hendrik Mugele, Sarah K. Schäfer, Martin Faulhaber

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Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion in upper body exercise. by Ulric S Abonie, Marloes Oldenburg, Lucas van der Woude, Florentina J Hettinga

“…Eight rowers completed an incremental cycling test (CY), and incremental handcycle (HC) tests before (HCpre) and after three weeks of handcycle training (HCpost). …”
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Design and prototyping of a retrofittable motorized module for hand powered tricycles for Developing countries by Wang, Nathan Philip

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Case Report: Training Monitoring and Performance Development of a Triathlete With Spinal Cord Injury and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia During a Paralympic Cycle by Oliver J. Quittmann, Oliver J. Quittmann, Benjamin Lenatz, Patrick Bartsch, Frauke Lenatz, Tina Foitschik, Thomas Abel, Thomas Abel

“…The wheelchair category stands out from other paratriathlon categories, since competing in swimming, handcycling, and wheelchair racing entails substantial demands on the upper extremity. …”
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