Targeting Leukemia Stem Cells in the Bone Marrow Niche by Sarah K. Tasian, Martin Bornhäuser, Sergio Rutella

“…The bone marrow (BM) niche encompasses multiple cells of mesenchymal and hematopoietic origin and represents a unique microenvironment that is poised to maintain hematopoietic stem cells. In addition to its role as a primary lymphoid organ through the support of lymphoid development, the BM hosts various mature lymphoid cell types, including naïve T cells, memory T cells and plasma cells, as well as mature myeloid elements such as monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils, all of which are crucially important to control leukemia initiation and progression. …”
Get full text

Skeletal stem/progenitor cells provide the niche for extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen by Helen C. O’Neill, Hong Kiat Lim

“…In bone marrow, the niche which supports hematopoiesis and nurtures hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) contains perivascular reticular cells representing a subset of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs). …”
Get full text

Gene therapy and genome editing for primary immunodeficiency diseases by Zhi-Yong Zhang, Adrian J. Thrasher, Fang Zhang

“…In past two decades the gene therapy using genetic modified autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transduced with the viral vector has become a promising alternative option for treating primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). …”
Get full text

Development of functional human NK cells in an immunodeficient mouse model with the ability to provide protection against tumor challenge. by Amanda Kwant-Mitchell, Elishka A Pek, Kenneth L Rosenthal, Ali A Ashkar

“…In this study we showed that, in contrast to C57BL/6 Rag2(-/-)/gamma(c) (-/-) and NOD/Scid mice, newborn BALB/c Rag2(-/-)/gamma(c) (-/-) mice can support the development of human NK cells and CD56+ T cells after intrahepatic injection with hematopoietic stem cells. The human CD56(+) cells in BALB/c Rag2(-/-)/gamma(c) (-/-) mice were able to produce IFN-gamma in response to human IL-15 and polyI:C. …”
Get full text

Transcription Factors, R-Loops and Deubiquitinating Enzymes: Emerging Targets in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Silvia M. L. Barabino, Elisabetta Citterio, Antonella Ellena Ronchi

“…Myeloid neoplasms encompass a very heterogeneous family of diseases characterized by the failure of the molecular mechanisms that ensure a balanced equilibrium between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renewal and the proper production of differentiated cells. …”
Get full text

In vivo dynamics of hard tissue-forming cell origins: Insights from Cre/loxP-based cell lineage tracing studies by Toshihide Mizoguchi

“…Within the BM tissue, two types of stem cells play crucial roles: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (or skeletal stem cells) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These stem cells are intricately connected, where BM-MSCs give rise to bone-forming osteoblasts and serve as essential components in the BM microenvironment for sustaining HSCs. …”
Get full text

Bone marrow on-a-chip for one step recruitment and expansion of leukemic stem cells by Oo, Nwe Nwe Linn

“…The interactions between the bone marrow (BM) niche and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are known to be important for the recruitment, expansion and maintenance of the HSCs. …”
Get full text

Glycophorin C (CD236R) mediates vivax malaria parasite rosetting to normocytes. by Lee, W, Malleret, B, Lau, Y, Mauduit, M, Fong, M, Cho, J, Suwanarusk, R, Zhang, R, Albrecht, L, Costa, F, Preiser, P, Mcgready, R, Renia, L, Nosten, F, Russell, B

“…Rosetting assays using CD236R knockdown normocytes derived from hematopoietic stem cells further supports the role of glycophorin C as a receptor in P vivax rosette formation.…”

Application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology for the investigation of hematological disorders by Dolatshad, H, Tatwavedi, D, Ahmed, D, Tegethoff, J, Boultwood, J, Pellagatti, A

“…Somatic cell reprogramming has presented new routes for generating patient-derived iPSCs, which can be differentiated to hematopoietic stem cells and the various downstream hematopoietic lineages. iPSC technology shows promise in the modeling of both inherited and acquired hematological disorders. …”

Regulation of GATA-2 phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase and interleukin-3 by Towatari, M, May, G, Marais, R, Perkins, G, Marshall, C, Cowley, S, Enver, T

“…An essential role for GATA-2 in the development of hematopoietic stem cells has recently been shown in gene targeting experiments in mice. …”

Co-expression of the collagen receptors leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 and glycoprotein VI on a subset of megakaryoblasts. by Steevels, T, Westerlaken, G, Tijssen, MR, Coffer, P, Lenting, P, Akkerman, J, Meyaard, L

“…Interestingly, both in cultures from hematopoietic stem cells and primary cells obtained directly from bone marrow, we identified a subset of morphologically distinct megakaryocytes which co-express glycoprotein VI and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1. …”

Leukemia-related transcription factor TEL/ETV6 expands erythroid precursors and stimulates hemoglobin synthesis. by Eguchi-Ishimae, M, Eguchi, M, Maki, K, Porcher, C, Shimizu, R, Yamamoto, M, Mitani, K

“…Tel is essential for maintaining hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. To understand the role of TEL in erythropoiesis, we generated transgenic mice expressing human TEL under the control of Gata1 promoter that is activated during the course of the erythroid-lineage differentiation (GATA1-TEL transgenic mice). …”

Biological and molecular evidence for existence of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors. by Luc, S, Buza-Vidas, N, Jacobsen, S

“…The evidence for the existence of LSKCD34(+)FLT3(hi) lymphoid-primed MPPs (LMPPs) implicates that a strict separation into common myeloid and lymphoid pathways might not be the first lineage commitment step of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Together with the evidence for existence of common myeloid and common lymphoid progenitors (CMPs and CLPs, respectively), the identification of LMPPs also suggests that at least the granulocyte-macrophage lineage can be generated through alternative pathways. …”

GATA-2 regulates granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell function. by Rodrigues, N, Boyd, A, Fugazza, C, May, G, Guo, Y, Tipping, A, Scadden, D, Vyas, P, Enver, T

“…The zinc finger transcription factor GATA-2 has been implicated in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Herein, we explored the role of GATA-2 as a candidate regulator of the hematopoietic progenitor cell compartment. …”

Autophagy in stem cells. by Guan, J, Simon, A, Prescott, M, Menendez, J, Liu, F, Wang, F, Wang, C, Wolvetang, E, Vazquez-Martin, A, Zhang, J

“…Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in embryonic stem cells, several tissue stem cells (particularly hematopoietic stem cells), as well as a number of cancer stem cells. …”

Overexpression of IL-1 receptor accessory protein in stem and progenitor cells and outcome correlation in AML and MDS. by Barreyro, L, Will, B, Bartholdy, B, Zhou, L, Todorova, T, Stanley, R, Ben-Neriah, S, Montagna, C, Parekh, S, Pellagatti, A, Boultwood, J, Paietta, E, Ketterling, R, Cripe, L, Fernandez, H, Greenberg, P, Tallman, MS, Steidl, C, Mitsiades, C, Verma, A, Steidl, U

“…Here we used a strategy of parallel transcriptional analysis of phenotypic long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), short-term HSCs, and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors from individuals with high-risk (-7/7q-) AML and compared them with the corresponding cell populations from healthy controls. …”

Distinct myeloid progenitor differentiation pathways identified through single cell RNA sequencing by Drissen, R, Buza-Vidas, N, Woll, P, Thongjuea, S, Gambardella, A, Giustacchini, A, Mancini, E, Zriwil, A, Lutteropp, M, Grover, A, Mead, A, Sitnicka, E, Jacobsen, S, Nerlov, C

“…According to current models for hematopoiesis, lymphoid-primed multi-potent progenitors (LMPPs; Lin^– Sca-1⁺ c-Kit⁺ CD34⁺ Flt3^hi) and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs; Lin^– Sca- 1⁺ c-Kit⁺ CD34⁺ CD41^hi) establish an early branch point for separate lineage commitment pathways from hematopoietic stem cells, with the notable exception that both pathways are proposed to generate all myeloid innate immune cell types through the same myeloidrestricted pre-granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (pre-GM; Lin^– Sca-1^– c-Kit⁺ CD41^– FcγRII/III^– CD150^– CD105^– ). …”

Glycophorin C (CD236R) mediates vivax malaria parasite rosetting to normocytes by Lee, W, Malleret, B, Lau, Y, Mauduit, M, Fong, M, Cho, J, Suwanarusk, R, Zhang, R, Albrecht, L, Costa, F, Preiser, P, McGready, R, Renia, L, Nosten, F, Russell, B

“…Rosetting assays using CD236R knockdown normocytes derived from hematopoietic stem cells further supports the role of glycophorin C as a receptor inP vivaxrosette formation.…”

Transgene expression from CpG-reduced lentiviral gene delivery vectors in vitro by Low, Poh Tee, Lai, Mei I., Ngai, Siew Ching, Abdullah, Syahrilnizam

“…Here we assessed the effects of CpG motif reduction in lentiviral (LV) gene delivery context on the level and duration of reporter gene expression in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, Human Immortalized Myelogenous Leukemia (K562) cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The cells were transduced with LV carrying Zero-CpG green fluorescent protein (ZGFP) reporter gene, LV/CMV/ZGFP. …”

Less utilized prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukaemia by Abdullah, Maha

“…Aberrant expression of a third marker such as Thy-1/CD90 negativity, expression of CLL-1 and IL-3R (CD123), intermediate levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase and co-expression of common chromosomal translocation may be used to distinguish from normal hematopoietic stem cells. In vitro characteristics of AML blasts such as proliferation, survival or response to treatment are also able to predict patient response to therapy, replicative of its interaction with the microenvironment. …”
Get full text