Genetic Disorders with Predisposition to Paediatric Haematopoietic Malignancies—A Review by Aleksandra Filipiuk, Agata Kozakiewicz, Kamil Kośmider, Monika Lejman, Joanna Zawitkowska

“…The quickest possible identification of such syndromes is of key importance, due to the possibility of early detection of neoplasms, followed by presymptomatic genetic testing of relatives, implementation of appropriate clinical procedures (e.g., avoiding radiotherapy), prophylactic surgical resection of organs at risk, or searching for donors of hematopoietic stem cells. Targetable driver mutations and corresponding signalling pathways provide a novel precision medicine strategy.Therefore, there is a need for multi-disciplinary cooperation between a paediatrician, an oncologist, a geneticist, and a psychologist during the surveillance of families with an increased cancer risk. …”
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MXRA7 is involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production by Zhenjiang Sun, Benfang Wang, Ying Shen, Kunpeng Ma, Ting Wang, Yiqiang Wang, Dandan Lin

“…Public databases showed that MXRA7 expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, suggesting that it may be involved in hematopoiesis. …”
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Pathogenic Impacts of Dysregulated Polycomb Repressive Complex Function in Hematological Malignancies by Satoshi Kaito, Atsushi Iwama

“…PRCs play a pivotal role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells through repression of target genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. …”
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Role of Macrophages and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Delayed Bone Repair Induced by Glucocorticoids in Mice by Kiyotaka Okada, Naoyuki Kawao, Daisho Nakai, Rei Wakabayashi, Yoshitaka Horiuchi, Katsumi Okumoto, Shinji Kurashimo, Yoshimasa Takafuji, Osamu Matsuo, Hiroshi Kaji

“…It also attenuated bone injury-induced decreases in the number of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow in wild-type and PAI-1-deficient mice. …”
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KCTD15 Protein Expression in Peripheral Blood and Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Giovanni Smaldone, Luigi Coppola, Mariarosaria Incoronato, Rosanna Parasole, Mimmo Ripaldi, Luigi Vitagliano, Peppino Mirabelli, Marco Salvatore

“…After their generation in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells, they maturate as granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes. …”
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Osteocytes regulate senescence of bone and bone marrow by Peng Ding, Chuan Gao, Youshui Gao, Delin Liu, Hao Li, Jun Xu, Xiaoyi Chen, Yigang Huang, Changqing Zhang, Minghao Zheng, Junjie Gao

“…The skeletal system contains a series of sophisticated cellular lineages arising from the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that determine the homeostasis of bone and bone marrow. …”
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Thymic function recovery after unrelated donor cord blood or T-cell depleted HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation correlates with leukemia relapse by Emmanuel eClave, Daniela eLisini, Corinne eDouay, Giovana eGiorgiani, Marc eBUSSON, Marco eZecca, Francesca eMoretta, Gloria eAcquafredda, Letizia Pomponia Brescia, Franco eLocatelli, Antoine eToubert

“…Use of alternative donors/sources of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), such as cord blood (CB) or HLA-haploidentical (Haplo) related donors, is associated with a significant delay in immune reconstitution after transplantation. …”
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Influence of SPIO labelling on the function of BMSCs in chemokine receptors expression and chemotaxis by Yuanchun Liu, Wanyi Huang, Huiyang Wang, Wei Lu, Jiayu Guo, Li Yu, Lina Wang

“…Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are increasingly being used in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to enable homing of the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells and suppress acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD). …”
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Intrathymic expression of Flt3 ligand enhances thymic recovery after irradiation. by Kenins, L, Gill, J, Boyd, R, Holländer, G, Wodnar-Filipowicz, A

“…Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires conditioning treatments such as irradiation, which leads to a severely delayed recovery of T cell immunity and constitutes a major complication of this therapy. …”

Stem cell therapy in dengue virus-infected BALB/C Mice improves hepatic injury by Sakinah, S., Priya, Sivan Padma, Mok, Pooi Ling, Munisvaradass, Rusheni, Teh, Seoh Wei, Sun, Zhong, Chee, Hui-Yee, Hamat, Rukman Awang, Joseph, Narcisse, Tong, Jia Bei, Kumar, S. Suresh

“…We administered a combination of hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in a DENV-infected BALB/c mouse model and found that delivery of this cell cocktail had improved their liver functions, confirmed by hematology, histopathology, and next-generation sequencing. …”

The miRNA Profile in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients with Secondary Myelodysplasia by Yuliya Andreevna Veryaskina, Sergei Evgenievich Titov, Igor Borisovich Kovynev, Tatiana Ivanovna Pospelova, Igor Fyodorovich Zhimulev

“…Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem cells and are characterized by multilineage dysplasia, ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, genetic instability and a risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. …”
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The Genetic Basis of Primary Myelofibrosis and Its Clinical Relevance by Elisa Rumi, Chiara Trotti, Daniele Vanni, Ilaria Carola Casetti, Daniela Pietra, Emanuela Sant’Antonio

“…Whilst the biological consequences of the three MPN driver gene mutations (JAK2, CALR, and MPL) have been well described, recent data has shed light on the complex and dynamic structure of PMF, that involves competing disease subclones, sequentially acquired genomic events, mostly in genes that are recurrently mutated in several myeloid neoplasms and in clonal hematopoiesis, and biological interactions between clonal hematopoietic stem cells and abnormal bone marrow niches. These observations may contribute to explain the wide heterogeneity in patients’ clinical presentation and prognosis, and support the recent effort to include molecular information in prognostic scoring systems used for therapeutic decision-making, leading to promising clinical translation. …”
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Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy for Leukemia by Michaela Allison, Joel Mathews, Taylor Gilliland, Stephen O. Mathew

“…Leukemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow and blood resulting from the abnormal differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). There are four main types of leukemia including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). …”
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A Question of Frame: The Role of the Bone Marrow Stromal Niche in Myeloid Malignancies by Chiara Tomasoni, Alice Pievani, Benedetta Rambaldi, Andrea Biondi, Marta Serafini

“…Until a few years ago, the onset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was entirely ascribed to genetic lesions in hematopoietic stem cells. These mutations generate leukemic stem cells, which are known to be the main ones responsible for chemoresistance and relapse. …”
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EFFECT OF ERYTHROPOIETIN ON CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY STEM CELLS by A. P. Lykov, M. A. Surovtseva, O. V. Poveshchenko, N. A. Bondarenko, I. I. Kim, A. M. Chernyvski, A. V. Fomichev

“…The flow cytometric assays showed that short-term incubation of BM-MNC with erythropoietin caused increased expression of the erythropoietin receptors on hematopoietic stem cells and tended to reduce the number of endothelial progenitor cells carrying the erythropoietin receptors. …”
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Plasticity of bone marrow-derived cell differentiation depending on microenvironments in the skin by Junko Okano, Takahiko Nakagawa, Hideto Kojima, Hideto Kojima

“…Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) are heterogeneous populations in which not only pluripotent stem cells, namely, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) but also endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are involved. …”
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Evaluation of apoptosis stimulating protein of TP53-1 (ASPP1/PPP1R13B) to predict therapy resistance and overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by Marcus M. Schittenhelm, Max Kaiser, Balázs Győrffy, Kerstin M. Kampa-Schittenhelm

“…It is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and together with p53 preserves the genomic integrity of the HSC pool. …”
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Generation of a new therapeutic d-peptide that induces the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells through A TLR-2 signaling pathway by Fei Yu, Yingshi Chen, Mo Zhou, Lingling Liu, Bingfeng Liu, Jun Liu, Ting Pan, Yuewen Luo, Xu Zhang, Hailan Ou, Wenjing Huang, Xi Lv, Zhihui Xi, Ruozhi Xiao, Wenyu Li, Lixue Cao, Xiancai Ma, Jingwen Zhang, Lijuan Lu, Hui Zhang

“…Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is caused by clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells. Differentiation therapy is emerging as an important treatment modality for leukemia, given its less toxicity and wider applicable population, but the arsenal of differentiation-inducing agents is still very limited. …”
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Hereditary predisposition to malignant myeloid hemopathies: Caution in use of saliva and guideline based on our experience by Alexandre Perani, Alexandre Perani, Sylvie Bourthoumieu, David Rizzo, Jasmine Chauzeix, Benjamin Dauriat, Pascal Turlure, Stéphane Girault, Léa Veyrune, Maxime Roubinet, Jean Feuillard, Catherine Yardin, Nathalie Gachard

“…Moreover, we propose hair follicles as an alternative to skin biopsy, that remains the gold standard especially in case of allogenic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Technological progresses have revolutionized the diagnosis of predisposition to solid or hematological malignancies, and it is very likely that new techniques will help to manage the familial predisposition in the future.…”
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PML/RARa Interferes with NRF2 Transcriptional Activity Increasing the Sensitivity to Ascorbate of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells by Cristina Banella, Gianfranco Catalano, Serena Travaglini, Mariadomenica Divona, Silvia Masciarelli, Gisella Guerrera, Francesco Fazi, Francesco Lo-Coco, Maria Teresa Voso, Nelida Ines Noguera

“…Resistance to ATRA/arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment is rare but grave and the metabolically-oriented treatment with high doses of ASC, which is highly effective on APL cells and harmless on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), could be of use in preventing clonal evolution and in rescuing APL-resistant patients.…”
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