Enrichment and Diversification of the Wheat Genome via Alien Introgression by Jeffrey Boehm, Xiwen Cai

“…The ancestral species share one or more homologous genomes with wheat, which can be utilized in breeding efforts through typical meiotic homologous recombination. Additionally, genome introgressions of distant relatives can be moved into wheat using chromosome engineering-based approaches that feature induced meiotic homoeologous recombination. …”
Get full text

<i>BRCA1</i> and Metastasis: Outcome of Defective DNA Repair by Rehna Krishnan, Parasvi S. Patel, Razqallah Hakem

“…<i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> (<i>BRCA1/2</i>) are both important for homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. The link between <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutations and high susceptibility to breast cancer is well established. …”
Get full text

Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Essential Virulence Factor Capsular Polysaccharide of <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> by Gregg S. Pettis, Aheli S. Mukerji

“…One mechanism for generating acapsular variants likely involves homologous recombination between repeat sequences flanking the <i>wzb</i> phosphatase gene within the Group 1 CPS biosynthetic and transport operon. …”
Get full text

Construction of Candidate <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Vaccine Strains with Reduced Reactogenicity by S. A. Ageev, R. Z. Shaikhutdinova, I. V. Bakhteeva, G. M. Titareva, T. I. Kombarova, S. V. Dentovskaya, A. P. Anisimov

“…It included direct site-specific mutagenesis, cloning of mutant ∆lpxM::cat allele in pCVD442 suicide vector, homologous recombination in vivo and deletion of the antibiotic resistance cassette. lpxM gene knockout mutant created on the basis of vaccine Y. pestis EV NIIEG strain lacking antibiotic resistance markers synthesized a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with reduced ability to stimulate TNF-α production. …”
Get full text

The Next Frontier in Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting the Tumor Immune Milieu and Molecular Pathways by Chao Yin, Ali Alqahtani, Marcus S. Noel

“…We also expand on principles of DNA homologous recombination repair and highlight opportunities to use agents, such as PARP inhibitors, that exploit deficiencies in DNA repair pathways. …”
Get full text

Beclin 1 and UVRAG confer protection from radiation-induced DNA damage and maintain centrosome stability in colorectal cancer cells. by Jae Myung Park, David Tougeron, Shengbing Huang, Koichi Okamoto, Frank A Sinicrope

“…Furthermore, knockdown of Beclin 1, UVRAG or ATG5 increased the percentage of irradiated cells with nuclear foci expressing 53BP1, a marker of nonhomologous end joining but not RAD51 (homologous recombination), compared to control siRNA. Beclin 1 siRNA was shown to attenuate UVRAG expression. …”
Get full text

Post-therapy emergence of an NBN reversion mutation in a patient with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma by Meredith S. Pelster, Ian M. Silverman, Joseph D. Schonhoft, Adrienne Johnson, Pier Selenica, Danielle Ulanet, Victoria Rimkunas, Jorge S. Reis-Filho

“…Abstract Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) is a rare form of pancreatic cancer that commonly harbors targetable alterations, including activating fusions in the MAPK pathway and loss-of-function (LOF) alterations in DNA damage response/homologous recombination DNA repair-related genes. Here, we describe a patient with PACC harboring both somatic biallelic LOF of NBN and an activating NTRK1 fusion. …”
Get full text

Contribution of GalU to biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic and serum resistance, and pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium by Lili Guo, Huilin Dai, Saixiang Feng, Yongda Zhao

“…MethodsA galU gene mutant was successfully constructed by red homologous recombination technology, and biological characteristics were studied.ResultsThe galU mutant strain had a rough phenotype;was defective in biofilm formation, autoagglutination, and motility; exhibited greater sensitivity to most antibiotics, serum, and egg albumen; and had lowercapacity for adhesion to chicken embryo fibroblasts cell line (DF-1). …”
Get full text

A metal ion-dependent mechanism of RAD51 nucleoprotein filament disassembly by Robert Appleby, Daniel Bollschweiler, Dimitri Y. Chirgadze, Luay Joudeh, Luca Pellegrini

“…Summary: The RAD51 ATPase polymerizes on single-stranded DNA to form nucleoprotein filaments (NPFs) that are critical intermediates in the reaction of homologous recombination. ATP binding maintains the NPF in a competent conformation for strand pairing and exchange. …”
Get full text

Double-Stranded Break Repair in Mammalian Cells and Precise Genome Editing by Akhtar Ali, Wei Xiao, Masroor Ellahi Babar, Yanzhen Bi

“…In mammalian cells, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired predominantly by error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), but less prevalently by error-free template-dependent homologous recombination (HR). DSB repair pathway selection is the bedrock for genome editing. …”
Get full text

Inhibition of p53 and ATRX increases telomeric recombination in primary fibroblasts by Ion Udroiu, Jessica Marinaccio, Antonella Sgura

“…Nonetheless, TP53 is also deficient in most ALT cell lines, and previous works showed that it is an inhibitor of homologous recombination (HR). Despite this, the role of p53 as an ALT repressor has not been previously examined. …”
Get full text

Distinct and Common Features of Numerical and Structural Chromosomal Instability across Different Cancer Types by Xiaoxiao Zhang, Maik Kschischo

“…By analysing tumour genomic data from 33 cancer types, we show that the majority of tumours with high levels of W-CIN underwent whole genome doubling, whereas S-CIN levels are strongly associated with homologous recombination deficiency. Both CIN phenotypes are prognostic in several cancer types. …”
Get full text

Update on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors resistance in ovarian cancer by Ruihong Dong, Ruihong Dong, Ting Ding, Ting Ding, Zhengyu Li, Zhengyu Li

“…PARPi takes PARP as a target to kill tumor cells, especially for tumors with homologous recombination (HR) dysfunction. Currently, PARPi has been widely used in clinical practice, mainly for the maintenance of advanced ovarian epithelial cancer. …”
Get full text

Genetic Predictors of Malignancy: a Literature Review by A. V. Pushkarev, M. G. Galeev, V. A. Pushkarev, A. V. Sultanbaev

“…The treatment choice and efficacy in BC and OC depends on homologous recombination defects in tumour cells usually imposed by damaged BRCA1/2 genes. …”
Get full text

PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: From Scientific Rationale to Clinical Development by Whi-An Kwon

“…PARP inhibitors (PARPi) induce breaks in single-stranded and/or double-stranded DNA, resulting in synthetic lethality in cancer cells lacking functional homologous recombination genes. Around 20% to 25% of patients with metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer harbor mutations in DNA damage repair genes, either somatic or germline. …”

Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for successful immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma by David Cibula, Iva Truxova, Radek Špíšek, Jitka Fucikova

“…Despite improvements in medical therapies, particularly with the implementation of novel drugs targeting homologous recombination deficiency, the survival rates of patients with EOC remain low. …”
Get full text

BRCA1 and Its Network of Interacting Partners by Kyriacos Kyriacou, Charita M. Christou

“…The association of BRCA1 with ATM/ATR, CHK2 and Aurora A protein kinases regulates cell cycle progression, whilst its association with RAD51 has a direct impact on the repair of double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). BRCA1 interactions with the MRN complex of proteins, with the BRCC complex of proteins that exhibit E3 ligase activity and with the phosphor proteins CtIP, BACH1 (BRIP1) and Abraxas (CCDC98) are also implicated in DNA repair mechanisms and cell cycle checkpoint control. …”
Get full text

Long-read sequence analysis of MMEJ-mediated CRISPR genome editing reveals complex on-target vector insertions that may escape standard PCR-based quality control by Yuki Higashitani, Kyoji Horie

“…Nanopore sequencing of these bands revealed complex vector insertions mediated not only by MMEJ but also by non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination in at least 17% of the clones. A new band appeared upon improving the PCR conditions, suggesting the presence of unintentionally modified alleles that escape standard PCR screening. …”
Get full text

Single molecule PCR reveals similar patterns of non-homologous DSB repair in tobacco and Arabidopsis. by Andrew H Lloyd, Dong Wang, Jeremy N Timmis

“…These potentially lethal DNA lesions are repaired efficiently by two major DSB repair pathways: homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). …”
Get full text

DNA damage is overcome by TRIP13 overexpression during cisplatin nephrotoxicity by Taketsugu Hama, Prashanth K.B. Nagesh, Pallabita Chowdhury, Bob M. Moore II, Murali M. Yallapu, Kevin R. Regner, Frank Park

“…Following cisplatin treatment, double-stranded DNA repair pathways were inhibited using selective blockers to proteins involved in either homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining. This led to increased blood markers of acute kidney injury (AKI) (creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin), tubular damage, activation of DNA damage marker (γ-H2AX), elevated appearance of G2/M blockade (phosphorylated histone H3 Ser10 and cyclin B1), and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3). …”
Get full text