Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities by Ze‐Yu Lu, Peng‐Bo Chen, Qing‐Yin Xu, Bo Li, Sheng‐Dan Jiang, Lei‐Sheng Jiang, Xin‐Feng Zheng

“…With the development of science and technology, constitutive gene knockout mice can be constructed using homologous recombination, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator‐like effector nuclease technology and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, and conditional gene knockout mice can be constructed using the Cre/LoxP system. …”
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Hepatoid adenocarcinoma in ureter with next-generation sequencing: A case report and literature review by Mengxin Lu, Yueying Li, Dongliang Hu, Jingtian Yu, Hang Zheng, Tongzu Liu

“…Three driver somatic mutations in cancer were identified by NGS testing, including: TP53D281H, KMT2DL1211Ifs*2, KMT2DT1843Nfs*5, demonstrating that ureteral HAC has the similar mutational features to upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Homologous-recombination deficiency (HRD) was positive in this tumor with no mutations in HRD-related genes, which was possibly induced by the copy number deletion of SETD2 gene. …”
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Gastric Cancer Risk and Pathogenesis in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Carriers by Kole H. Buckley, Blake A. Niccum, Kara N. Maxwell, Bryson W. Katona

“…While the pathogenesis of GC among <i>BRCA1/2</i> PV carriers remains unclear, increasing evidence reveals that GCs are often enriched with mutations in homologous recombination-associated genes such as <i>BRCA1/2</i>, and that GC prognosis and response to certain therapies can depend on BRCA1/2 expression. …”
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Heterologous expression of Cysteine Protease 8 from Trichomonas foetus in Pichia pastoris by Karli Geethanjali, Polavarapu Rathnagiri, Varada Kalarani

“…A 960 bp Tf CP8 gene was cloned into methylotrophic Pichia pastoris X-33 by homologous recombination using a pPICZαA vector for recombinant protein expression. …”
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Epigenetic reshaping through damage: promoting cell fate transition by BrdU and IdU incorporation by Chuang Li, Xiaoduo Xu, Shuyan Chen, Anchun Xu, Tongxing Guan, Haokaifeng Wu, Duanqing Pei, Jing Liu

“…Meanwhile, we found that homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway causes an overall epigenetic reshaping of cells and enabling them to overcome greater barriers. …”
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Transcriptomic changes across the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi II by Lissa Cruz-Saavedra, Gustavo A. Vallejo, Felipe Guhl, Juan David Ramírez

“…However, the role of autophagy in the entire life cycle of T. cruzi and the presence of processes such as meiosis and homologous recombination in MTs (where the expressions of SPO11 and Rad51 plays a role) are crucial. …”
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Expansion of human centromeric arrays in cells undergoing break-induced replication by Soyeon Showman, Paul B. Talbert, Yiling Xu, Richard O. Adeyemi, Steven Henikoff

“…We find that the homologous recombination protein RAD52 and the helicase PIF1 are required for extensive array change, suggesting that centromere sequence evolution can occur via break-induced replication.…”
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Structural basis for the coiled-coil architecture of human CtIP by C. R. Morton, N. J. Rzechorzek, J. D. Maman, M. Kuramochi, H. Sekiguchi, R. Rambo, Y. C. Sasaki, O. R. Davies, L. Pellegrini

“…The DNA repair factor CtIP has a critical function in double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination, promoting the assembly of the repair apparatus at DNA ends and participating in DNA-end resection. …”
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Reversion mutations in germline BRCA1/2-mutant tumors reveal a BRCA-mediated phenotype in non-canonical histologies by Yonina R. Murciano-Goroff, Alison M. Schram, Ezra Y. Rosen, Helen Won, Yixiao Gong, Anne Marie Noronha, Yelena Y. Janjigian, Zsofia K. Stadler, Jason C. Chang, Soo-Ryum Yang, Diana Mandelker, Kenneth Offit, Michael F. Berger, Mark T. A. Donoghue, Chaitanya Bandlamudi, Alexander Drilon

“…Mutations in BRCA1/2 are associated with a homologous recombination deficiency phenotype in BRCA-associated cancers. …”
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Quercetin inhibits DNA damage responses to induce apoptosis via SIRT5/PI3K/AKT pathway in non-small cell lung cancer by Baochen Zhou, Ye Yang, Xuemeng Pang, Jingjing Shi, Ting Jiang, Xin Zheng

“…The present study revealed that quercetin directly binds to SIRT5 and inhibits the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT through the interaction between SIRT5 and PI3K, thus inhibiting the repair process of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) in NSCLC, which raise mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. …”
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A Zebrafish Acromegaly Model Elevates DNA Damage and Impairs DNA Repair Pathways by Abdalla Elbialy, Shuichi Asakawa, Shugo Watabe, Shigeharu Kinoshita

“…Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we found that the acromegaly zebrafish model had impaired DNA repair pathways in the liver, such as double-strand break (DSB), homologous recombination repair (HRR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and translesion synthesis (TLS). …”
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The Remarkable Evolutionary Plasticity of Coronaviruses by Mutation and Recombination: Insights for the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future Evolutionary Paths of SARS-CoV-2 by Grigorios D. Amoutzias, Marios Nikolaidis, Eleni Tryfonopoulou, Katerina Chlichlia, Panayotis Markoulatos, Stephen G. Oliver

“…In this review, we focus on studies over the last two years that reveal the impact of point mutations, insertions/deletions, and intratypic/intertypic homologous and non-homologous recombination events on the evolution of CoVs. We discuss whether the next generations of CoV vaccines should be directed against other CoV proteins in addition to or instead of spike. …”
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RNA Sequencing Reveals the Differentially Expressed circRNAs between Stable and Unstable Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques by Xueguang Lin, Ying Deng, Lujuan Ye, Bo Chen, Jindong Tong, Weijun Shi, Bo Wang, Bo Yu, Jingdong Tang

“…KEGG analysis revealed that the host genes of the upregulated circRNAs were primarily associated with protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, lysine degradation, homologous recombination, epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, and yersinia infection. …”
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Targeted gene deletions in the dimorphic fungal pathogen Histoplasma using an optimized episomal CRISPR/Cas9 system by Chad A. Rappleye

“…ABSTRACT The rapid development of CRISPR/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems has revolutionized the ability to produce genetic mutations in a desired locus, particularly in organisms with low rates of homologous recombination. Histoplasma is an important respiratory and systemic fungal pathogen that has few reverse genetic options. …”
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Breast Cancer Predisposition Genes and Synthetic Lethality by Hannah E. Neiger, Emily L. Siegler, Yihui Shi

“…These genes are essential for DNA double-strand break repair via homologous recombination (HR), which is a virtually error-free DNA repair mechanism. …”
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Polymerase θ Coordinates Multiple Intrinsic Enzymatic Activities during DNA Repair by Karl E. Zahn, Ryan B. Jensen

“…Cancer cells with compromised homologous recombination, or other DNA repair defects, over-utilize end-joining by polymerase θ and often over-express the <i>POLQ</i> gene. …”
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Massive integration of large gene libraries in the chromosome of Escherichia coli by Lidia Cerdán, Beatriz Álvarez, Luis Ángel Fernández

“…MAIN uses a thermosensitive integrative plasmid that is linearized in vivo to promote extensive integration of the gene library via homologous recombination. Positive and negative selections efficiently remove bacteria lacking gene integration in the target site. …”
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A GMC Oxidoreductase GmcA Is Required for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae by Qian Zou, Sha Luo, Hetao Wu, Donglan He, Xiaohua Li, Guojun Cheng

“…A mutation in the Rhizobium leguminosarum gmcA gene was generated by homologous recombination. The mutation in gmcA did not affect the growth of R. leguminosarum, but it displayed decreased antioxidative capacity at H2O2 conditions higher than 5 mM. …”
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The potential of PARP inhibitors in targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy by Jaromir Hunia, Karol Gawalski, Karol Gawalski, Aleksandra Szredzka, Marcin J. Suskiewicz, Dominika Nowis, Dominika Nowis

“…Inhibition of efficient PARP1/2-dependent DDR is fatal for tumor cells with homologous recombination deficiencies (HRD), especially defects in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein 1 or 2 (BRCA1/2)-dependent pathway, while allowing healthy cells to survive. …”
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Chromatin landscape, DSB levels, and cKU-70/80 contribute to patterning of meiotic DSB processing along chromosomes in C. elegans. by Laura I Lascarez-Lagunas, Marina Martinez-Garcia, Saravanapriah Nadarajan, Brianna N Diaz-Pacheco, Elizaveta Berson, Mónica P Colaiácovo

“…Taken together, our data supports a model by which regulation of the chromatin landscape, DSB levels, and DSB detection by cKU-70/80 collaborate to promote DSB processing by homologous recombination at off-center regions of the chromosomes in C. elegans.…”
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