Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion by Md. M. Haque, Md. M. Haque, Md. M. Haque, K. Kawamura, D. K. Deshmukh, C. Fang, C. Fang, W. Song, W. Song, B. Mengying, B. Mengying, Y.-L. Zhang, Y.-L. Zhang

“…The most abundant classes of compounds were <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span>-alkanes (mean concentration of 205&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), followed by fatty acids (76.3&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 64.3&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), anhydrosugars (56.3&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), fatty alcohols (40.5&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>) and phthalate esters (15.2&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), whereas hydroxy-/polyacids (8.33&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), aromatic acids (7.35&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), hopanes (4.19&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), primary sugars and sugar alcohols (4.15&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), lignin and resin products (2.94&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>), and steranes (2.46&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>) were less abundant. …”
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Source apportionment study on particulate air pollution in two high-altitude Bolivian cities: La Paz and El Alto by V. Mardoñez, V. Mardoñez, M. Pandolfi, L. J. S. Borlaza, J.-L. Jaffrezo, A. Alastuey, J.-L. Besombes, I. Moreno R., N. Perez, G. Močnik, G. Močnik, G. Močnik, P. Ginot, R. Krejci, V. Chrastny, A. Wiedensohler, P. Laj, P. Laj, M. Andrade, M. Andrade, G. Uzu

“…This is one of the first source apportionment studies in South America that incorporates an extensive suite of organic markers, including levoglucosan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and alkanes, alongside inorganic species. …”
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Secondary organic aerosol formation from in situ OH, O₃, and NO₃ oxidation of ambient forest air in an oxidation flow reactor by B. B. Palm, P. Campuzano-Jost, D. A. Day, A. M. Ortega, J. L. Fry, S. S. Brown, K. J. Zarzana, W. Dube, N. L. Wagner, D. C. Draper, L. Kaser, W. Jud, T. Karl, A. Hansel, C. Gutiérrez-Montes, J. L. Jimenez

“…These measurements of SOA formation provide the first direct comparison of SOA formation potential and chemical evolution from OH, O₃, and NO₃ oxidation in the real atmosphere and help to clarify the oxidation processes that lead to SOA formation from biogenic hydrocarbons.…”
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Reductions in aircraft particulate emissions due to the use of Fischer–Tropsch fuels by A. J. Beyersdorf, M. T. Timko, L. D. Ziemba, D. Bulzan, E. Corporan, S. C. Herndon, R. Howard, R. Miake-Lye, K. L. Thornhill, E. Winstead, C. Wey, Z. Yu, B. E. Anderson

“…Conversion efficiencies of up to 2.8% were measured for the partitioning of gas-phase precursors (unburned hydrocarbons and SO₂) to form volatile aerosols. …”
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A miniature Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) for real-driving monitoring of motorcycles by M. Vojtisek-Lom, M. Vojtisek-Lom, A. A. Zardini, M. Pechout, L. Dittrich, F. Forni, F. Montigny, M. Carriero, B. Giechaskiel, G. Martini

“…It measures the exhaust gas concentrations of hydrocarbons and carbon mono- and dioxide with a nondispersive infrared method and nitrogen mono- and dioxides and oxygen using an electrochemical cell. …”
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Improving the smoking process of kitoza, a traditional Malagasy meat product by Angela Ratsimba, Danielle Rakoto, Elodie Arnaud, Thierry Goli, Julien Ricci, Victor Jeannoda, Dominique Pallet, M. Rivier

“…Meat smoking can lead to contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydro­carbons (PAH) which are carcinogenic compounds (6). …”
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GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE MIDDLE MAGDALENA BASIN, COLOMBIA by J. C RAMON, L DZOU, B GIRALDO

“…The composition of some oils (e.g., La Cira, Infantas, Conde and Bonanza) is unusual in that gas chromatographic data contains an n-alkane and isoprenoid distribution normally associated with moderately degraded oils, but they also contain a relatively high abundance of gasoline hydrocarbons. This particular gas chromatographic pattern may be explained by the addition of migrant gas/ condensate to the "in situ" biodegraded oils. …”
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Study of the orthopolyphosphate specimen "SeaQuest Liquid" for anticorrosion and stabilization water treatment by M. I. Romashchenko, O. V. Kovalenko, E. M. Matselyuk, D. V. Charny, V. A. Prokopov

“…The results of the research showed that for all ways to use of "SeaQuest Liquid" spicemen in the water of all sampling points there were no deviations from the standards of basic physicochemical parameters: the average pH of water was 7,67 ± 0.01, total water hardness was 4,3 ± 0,03, total alkalinity - 4,4 ± 0,05 mmol/dm,3 calcium content - 58,6 ± 0,7 mg/dm3, magnesium - 16,1 ± 0.2 mg/dm3, hydrocarbons - 261,4 ± 4,8 mg/dm3, manganese <0,01 mg/dm3, sulfates - 21,9 ± 1,2 mg/dm3, chlorides - 44,3 ± 1,4 mg/dm3, sodium and potassium - 44,0 ± 2,0 mg/dm3, residual chlorine - 0,35 ± 0,02 mg/dm3, ammonium - 0,2 ± 0.01 mg/dm3, permanganate oxidation - 2,3 ± 0,1 mgО2/dm3, nitrites - 0,09 ± 0,01 mg/dm3, nitrates - 1,53 ± 0,14 mg/dm3, total mineralization - 459,9 ± 15,1 mg/dm3. …”
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Les nouveaux systèmes de propulsion envisageable pour les véhicules urbains Potential New Proplusion Systems for Urban Vehicles by Salé B., Bréelle Y.

“…Thermomechanical systems, including explosion engines, have the advantage of having both a high weight-power ratio and a high energy-per-weight ratio as the result of the storag e possibilities inherent in light hydrocarbons. Under such conditions, it has seemed like a good idea, at leost in an initial phase, ta adapt conventional explosion engines ta the new environmental and economical requirements, especially since such engines, at present and for several more years, cover almost all of the automotives vehicles in service. …”
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HYDROGEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY OF THE «KAMENSKOE» FIELD OF RADON-RICH WATERS (NOVOSIBIRSK) by Dmitry A. Novikov, Anna F. Sukhorukova, Tatyana V. Korneeva, Rositza M. Kamenova-Totzeva, Anastasia A. Maksimova, Anton S. Derkachev, Fedor F. Dultsev, Anatoliy V. Chernykh

“…The chemical forms of migration of heavy metals (nickel and copper) are presented in the form of free cations (Ni2+, Cu2+), hydrocarbonate (NiHCO3–, CuHCO3–) and carbonate (NiCO30, CuCO30) complexes. …”
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Toxic Effects of Acute Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure on Blood Clam Tegillarca granosa and Its Potential Coping Mechanism by Zhongtian XU, Zhenyu DONG, Jiji LI, Pengzhi QI, Baoying GUO

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds with the most significant toxic environmental effects. …”
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Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoemulsion of Citrus paradisi Essential Oil Against Pathogenic Microorganisms: In Vitro Study by H. Zanganeh, F. Shahidi, S.A. Mortazavi, B. Alizadeh Behbahani

“…Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel and fruit contain active ingredients such as acids, flavonoids, vitamin C, and potassium, and its essential oil is composed of terpenic hydrocarbons, such as citral, limonene, citronelal, and geraniol. …”
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Understanding aerosol composition in a tropical inter-Andean valley impacted by agro-industrial and urban emissions by L. Mateus-Fontecha, A. Vargas-Burbano, R. Jimenez, N. Y. Rojas, G. Rueda-Saa, D. van Pinxteren, M. van Pinxteren, K. W. Fomba, H. Herrmann

“…A sampling campaign was carried out at a representative site in the CRV region, where daily averaged mass concentrations of PM<span class="inline-formula">_2.5</span> and the concentrations of water-soluble ions, trace metals, organic and elemental carbon, and various fractions of organic compounds (carbohydrates, <span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i></span> alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – PAHs) were measured. The mean PM<span class="inline-formula">_2.5</span> was <span class="inline-formula">14.4±4.4</span> <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula">⁻³</span>, and the most abundant constituent was organic material (52.7 % <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 18.4 %), followed by sulfate (12.7 % <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 2.8 %), and elemental carbon (7.1 % <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 2.5 %), which indicates the presence of secondary aerosol formation and incomplete combustion. …”
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Estimation of emissions from biomass burning in China (2003–2017) based on MODIS fire radiative energy data by L. Yin, P. Du, M. Zhang, M. Liu, T. Xu, Y. Song

“…The estimated average annual emission ranges, with a 90&thinsp;% confidence interval, were 91.4 (72.7–108.8)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;<span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span>&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 5.0 (2.3–7.8) &thinsp;Tg&thinsp;CO&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 0.24 (0.05–0.48)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;<span class="inline-formula">CH₄</span>&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 1.43 (0.53–2.35)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;NMHC&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 0.23 (0.05–0.45)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;<span class="inline-formula">NO_<i>x</i></span>&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 0.09 (0.02–0.17)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;<span class="inline-formula">NH₃</span>&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 0.03 (0.01–0.05)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;<span class="inline-formula">SO₂</span>&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 0.04 (0.01–0.08)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;BC&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 0.27 (0.07–0.49)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;OC yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 0.51 (0.19–0.84)&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;PM<span class="inline-formula">_2.5</span>&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, 0.57 (0.15–1.05)&thinsp;Tg PM<span class="inline-formula">₁₀</span>&thinsp;yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, where NMHC, BC, and OC are nonmethane hydrocarbons, black carbon, and organic carbon, respectively. …”
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Organic synthesis in suppercritical carbon dioxide by Weinstein, Randy D. (Randy David), 1971-

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Investigations on the synthesis of natural allenic and acetylenic systems by Jones, J

“…Attempted coupling of both the free acid (I; R=R′=H) and the protected acid (I; R=2′-tetrahydropyranyl; R′=H), as the bromo-magnesium derivatives, with the bromide (II; X=Br) in the presence of cuprous chloride gave none of the required product (III) even though model work on hydrocarbons had been successful.</p> <p>Attention was then focussed on an alternative preparative route to the ≡C.CH₂.C≡ system which incorporated the reaction of an acetylenic Grignard reagent with a βγ-acetylenic sulphonate. …”

Generation of meaty flavoring using chicken feather keratin hydrolysate-glucose interaction model by Opeyemi, Lasekan Adeseye

“…Ten categories of volatiles were identified namely aldehydes, hydrocarbons, acids,ketones, thiophenes, furans, pyrazines, alcohols, phenols and esters. …”
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Elucidation of the anti-inflammatory compound present in Jatropha curcas Linn Root and its mode of action by Othman, Ahmad Razi

“…Further analysis conducted by using NuclearMagnetic Resonance (NMR) showed that this active compound was a long chain of hydrocarbons with a carboxylic group attached at the end, thus confirming that the active compound belonged to octadecanoic acid group. …”
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Biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene using bacteria isolated from used vehicle lubricant-contaminated soil by Darma, Umar Zubairu

“…Used vehicle lubricant oil being a petroleum product portrays dangerous impact on the environment as it generates hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through incomplete combustion. The rampant discharge of this oil in Malaysia causes serious environmental concern as PAHs are dangerous organic pollutants that cause mutation and cancer to living cells. …”
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Antibacterial and sporicidal activity of Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp. and Oenanthe javanica (Blume) dc. against Bacillus sp. by Atrash, Khaled Abdusalam. B. A

“…From the GCMS analysis, a total of 33 and 29 compounds could be putatively identified in the S. grande and O. javaneca hexane fractions, respectively, which included hydrocarbons, fatty acid, diterpenoids and triterpenoids. …”
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