Correlation Between IFNγ+ and CTLA-4+ Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes In Luminal And Non-Luminal Breast Carcinoma by Irene Lingkan Parengkuan, Sjahjenny Mustokoweni, Nila Kurniasari

“…CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocyte Associated Protein-4) suppresses immune system function including the activity of IFN-γ as an important molecule in anti-tumor immunity and forms an immunosuppressive and pro-tumor microenvironment. Different level of expressions of IFNγ+ (p=0.001) and CTLA-4 + (p=0.001) TIL were proven to be related to the molecular subtype of breast carcinoma (rs=-0.683, p=0.001; rs=0,501, p=0.001, respectively). …”
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REACTIVATION OF HEPATITIS B IN A PATIENT WITH UNTREATED CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA by Sinan Demircioğlu, Atakan Tekinalp, Ali Demir

“…Therefore, individuals with a history of HBV infection receiving immunosuppressive therapy are at risk for HBV reactivation. …”
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Obesity as a Risk Factor of Severe Outcome of COVID-19: A Pair-Matched 1:2 Case–Control Study by Antonio Russo, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Verdiana Zollo, Salvatore Martini, Paolo Maggi, Fabio Giuliano Numis, Ivan Gentile, Nadia Sangiovanni, Anna Maria Rossomando, Vincenzo Bianco, Giosuele Calabria, Raffaella Pisapia, Alessio Vinicio Codella, Alfonso Masullo, Elio Manzillo, Grazia Russo, Roberto Parrella, Giuseppina Dell’Aquila, Michele Gambardella, Antonio Ponticiello, Lorenzo Onorato, Nicola Coppola

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Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID among adults in Scotland using electronic health records: a national, retrospective, observational cohort studyResearch in context by Karen Jeffrey, Lana Woolford, Rishma Maini, Siddharth Basetti, Ashleigh Batchelor, David Weatherill, Chris White, Vicky Hammersley, Tristan Millington, Calum Macdonald, Jennifer K. Quint, Robin Kerr, Steven Kerr, Syed Ahmar Shah, Igor Rudan, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Colin R. Simpson, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Chris Robertson, Lewis Ritchie, Aziz Sheikh, Luke Daines

“…Compared with the general population, a higher proportion of people with long COVID were female (65.1% versus 50.4%), aged 38–67 (63.7% versus 48.9%), overweight or obese (45.7% versus 29.4%), had one or more comorbidities (52.7% versus 36.0%), were immunosuppressed (6.9% versus 3.2%), shielding (7.9% versus 3.4%), or hospitalised within 28 days of testing positive (8.8% versus 3.3%%), and had tested positive before Omicron became the dominant variant (44.9% versus 35.9%). …”
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Engineering kinetics of immunotherapies and vaccines by Bhagchandani, Sachin Haresh

“…Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that IMD-BPDs promote dendritic cell activation and reduce immunosuppressive macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, changes that free TLR7/8 agonists were unable to achieve. …”
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Investigating isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in cancer using new metabolomics methods by Walsby-Tickle, J

“…The alteration of immunosuppressive metabolites such as kynurenine also provides a possible explanation for different median survival times of patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation positive and wild type tumours, and their distinct responses to treatment.…”

Poultry viruses: from threat to therapy by Omar, Abdul Rahman

“…In many situations, immunosuppressive agents, primarily the MDV, IBDV and chicken anemia virus play an important role in increasing the susceptibility of chickens to opportunistic infections and/or suppressing effective vaccine induced responses. …”
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Challenges in controlling viral diseases of poultry by Omar, Abdul Rahman

“…In many situations, immunosuppressive agents primarily MDV, IBDV, and chicken anemia virus play an important role in increasing the susceptibility of chickens to opportunistic infections and/or suppressing effective vaccine induced responses.There is no doubt diagnostic tools, vaccines and vaccination equipment have improved over the years. …”
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Immunomodulatory and gene expression characterisation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic cartilage by Al-Graittee, Satar Jabbar Rahi

“…Additionally, human OA C-MSCs also demonstrated slower growth kinetics, prolonged doubling time, increased susceptibility to senescence especially at late passages, reduced proliferation and poor immunosuppressive ability against T cells. It was also observed that during the in vitro culture expansion, the human OA C-MSCs underwent escalated level of cellular senescence in late passage (80%), apoptosis (i.e. 18.33±0.1% early apoptosis, 6.46±0.2% late apoptosis at passage 3 and 20.09±0.1% early apoptosis, 8.42±0.2% late apoptosis at passage 6), exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest (i.e. 78.68±3.17% of cells in G0/G1 phase, at passage 3 while passage 6 had 93.23±2.64% of cells in G0/G1 phase) with a secretome profile that reveals the downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10, as well as aberrations in gene expression. …”
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Sintilimab plus bevacizumab, oxaliplatin and capecitabine as first-line therapy in RAS-mutant, microsatellite stable, unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: an open-label, sing... by Xuefeng Fang, Ning Zhu, Chenhan Zhong, Liuhong Wang, Jun Li, Shanshan Weng, Hanguang Hu, Caixia Dong, Dan Li, Yongmao Song, Dong Xu, Jianwei Wang, Lifeng Sun, Jian Wang, Zhanhuai Wang, Hongfeng Cao, Xiujun Liao, Ningjuan Yu, Qian Xiao, Mi Mi, Suzhan Zhang, Kefeng Ding, Ying Yuan

“…Summary: Background: Microsatellite stable (MSS) and RAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients are characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a low response rate to immunotherapy. …”
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Serum-derived extracellular vesicles from breast cancer patients contribute to differential regulation of T-cell-mediated immune-escape mechanisms in breast cancer subtypes by Rosalind Graham, Patrycja Gazinska, Patrycja Gazinska, Patrycja Gazinska, Birong Zhang, Atousa Khiabany, Shubhankar Sinha, Thanussuyah Alaguthurai, Thanussuyah Alaguthurai, Fabian Flores-Borja, Jose Vicencio, Fabienne Beuron, Ioannis Roxanis, Rafal Matkowski, Rafal Matkowski, Revadee Liam-Or, Andrew Tutt, Andrew Tutt, Tony Ng, Tony Ng, Tony Ng, Khuloud T. Al-Jamal, You Zhou, Sheeba Irshad, Sheeba Irshad, Sheeba Irshad

“…Studies using the MDA-231 TNBC breast cancer cell-line derived EVs provided further support that TNBC EVs induced the most immunosuppressive response within PBMCs.DiscussionOur study supports further investigations into how tumour derived EVs are a mechanism that cancers can exploit to promote immune suppression; and breast cancer subtypes produce EVs with differing immunomodulatory capabilities. …”
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Abrocitinib, tralokinumab and upadacitinib for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis by Steven J Edwards, Charlotta Karner, Tracey Jhita, Samantha Barton, Gemma Marceniuk, Zenas Z N Yiu, Miriam Wittmann

“…Objectives To appraise the clinical and cost effectiveness of abrocitinib, tralokinumab and upadacitinib within their marketing authorisations as alternative therapies for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis compared to systemic immunosuppressants (first-line ciclosporin A or second-line dupilumab and baricitinib). …”
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H3K4me3-related lncRNAs signature and comprehensive analysis of H3K4me3 regulating tumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma by Tao Fan, Mingchuang Zhu, Shan Muhammad, Chu Xiao, Shuofeng Li, He Tian, Yu Liu, Liyan Xue, Bo Zheng, Chunxiang Li, Jie He

“…Characterized by immunosuppressive and increased TGFβ-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), patients with high H3K4me3-lncRNA score had a poor overall survival and decreased H3K4me3 score. …”
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Tratamiento de osteomielitis vertebral por Candida spp. con caspofungina. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía by Arocha Francisco, Espinoza Fabiola, Lizcano Pastor, Parra Katynna, Bracho, Annelly

“…Abstract: Introduction: Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) by non-albicans Candida species is an infrequent type of osteomyelitis, however, its incidence has increased due to the increasing number of immunosuppressed patients and invasive procedures. Candida spp is more frequently resistant to azole antifungal drugs, such as fluconazole, than Candida albicans. …”
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Interferon gamma release assays for Diagnostic Evaluation of Active tuberculosis (IDEA): test accuracy study and economic evaluation by Yemisi Takwoingi, Hilary Whitworth, Melanie Rees-Roberts, Amarjit Badhan, Christopher Partlett, Nathan Green, Aime Boakye, Heather Lambie, Luigi Marongiu, Mark Jit, Peter White, Jonathan J Deeks, Onn Min Kon, Ajit Lalvani

“…Future work: The novel assays require evaluation in distinct clinical settings and in immunosuppressed patient groups. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK.…”
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THE IMPORTANCE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF RITUXIMAB IN PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS by O. A. Koneva, O. V. Desinova, L. P. Ananyeva, N. V. Kovaleva

“…During the follow-up period, the patients were treated with rituximab (RTM) at a mean total dose of 2.5±1.3 g (500 mg to 5 g) in combination with glucocorticoids at a mean dose of 11.7±3.9 mg calculated with reference to prednisolone; 10 (24%) patients also received immunosuppressants.Chest MSCT data were analyzed at 5 levels. …”
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Placebo response and remission rates in randomised trials of induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis by Jairath, V, Zou, GY, Parker, CE, MacDonald, JK, AlAmeel, T, Beshir, M, Almadi, MA, Al-Taweel, T, Atkinson, NS, Biswas, S, Chapman, T, Dulai, PS, Glaire, MA, Hoekman, DR, Koutsoumpas, A, Minas, E, Mosli, MH, Samaan, M, Khanna, R, Travis, S, D'Haens, G, Sandborn, WJ, Feagan, BG

“…Reference lists and conference proceedings of major gastroenterology meetings were also handsearched to identify additional studies.Placebo-controlled RCTs of adult patients with UC treated with corticosteroids, aminosalicylates, immunosuppressives or biologics were eligible, provided enrolment and outcome assessment was conducted using the Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index (UCDAI) or the Mayo Clinic Score. …”

Immune system regulation and response during infectious bursal disease virus and Newcastle disease virus infections in chickens by Pirozyan, Mehdi Rasoli

“…Hence, the disease has been considered to have the most impact due to its immunosuppressive effects in young birds. However, the effects of the virus on non B lymphocytes functions and secretion of cytokines and chemokines are poorly characterized. …”
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Consenso sobre prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la infección por Clostridium difficile by A.T. Abreu y Abreu, J.A. Velarde-Ruiz Velasco, M.R. Zavala-Solares, J.M. Remes-Troche, R.I. Carmona-Sánchez, J.M. Aldana-Ledesma, A. Camacho-Ortiz, R. Contreras-Omaña, R. Díaz-Seoane, C.T. Elizondo-Vázquez, E. Garza-González, G. Grajales-Figueroa, O. Gómez-Escudero, J.S. Jacobo-Karam, M. Morales-Arámbula, L.O. Olivares-Guzmán, J. Sifuentes-Osornio, A.G. Siu-Moguel, R. Soto-Solís, L.R. Valdovinos-García, M.A. Valdovinos-Díaz, G. Vázquez-Elizondo, S.A. Lazo-de la Vega Jasso

“…Among them, it was recognized that CDI should be suspected in subjects with diarrhea that have a history of antibiotic and/or immunosuppressant use, but that it can also be a community-acquired infection. …”
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Inflamación relacionada con angiopatía amiloide: características clínicas y respuesta al tratamiento en una serie de casos by P. Martín-Jiménez, M. Sánchez-Tornero, S. Llamas-Velasco, M.P. Guerrero-Molina, M. González-Sánchez, A. Herrero-San Martín, V. Blanco-Palmero, P. Calleja-Castaño, J. Francisco-Gonzalo, A. Hilario, A. Ramos, E. Salvador, Ó. Toldos, A. Hernández-Lain, D.A. Pérez-Martínez, A. Villarejo-Galende

“…All patients received immunosuppressive therapy. An initially favourable clinical-radiological response was observed in all cases, with 2 patients presenting radiological recurrence after treatment withdrawal, with a subsequent improvement after treatment was resumed. …”
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