The economic costs of orthopaedic services: a health system cost analysis of tertiary hospitals in a low-income country by Pakwanja Twea, David Watkins, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Boston Munthali, Sven Young, Levison Chiwaula, Gerald Manthalu, Dominic Nkhoma, Peter Hangoma

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The epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries in the fastest-paced city in China: a retrospective study by Jun-feng Zou, Jun-feng Zou, Hai-lan Fang, Jing Zheng, Yu-qiang Ma, Chu-wei Wu, Gao-jian Su, Xian-sheng Liu, Jun Liu, Jie Gao, Jie-hua Zhang, Dong-liang Zhu, Xin Shi, Xin Shi, Xian-jian Huang

“…Riders of electric bicycles (423 [29.0%]) were the most vulnerable to traffic accident-related injuries. Time greater than 50 h from injury to admission to a neurosurgical department had a significant effect on prognosis (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe epidemiological characteristics of TBI have changed significantly over the past 20 years. …”
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Fall injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of prospective injury registry from 23 health facilities in Malawi and Tanzania by Hendry R. Sawe, Wakisa Mulwafu, Linda Chokotho, Kevin Croke, Rachel Chamanga, Meyhar Mohammed, Jonna Bertfelt, Harrieth P. Ndumwa, Juma A. Mfinanga, Sveta Milusheva

“…We describe patient demographics, the causes, location, and nature of injuries, timing of arrival to hospital, and final disposition. …”
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Intra‐Operative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Patients with Thoracic Spinal Stenosis: Its Feasibility and High‐Risk Factors for New Neurological Deficit by Wanyou Liu, Yinkun Li, Junyin Qiu, Benlong Shi, Zhen Liu, Xu Sun, Zezhang Zhu, Yong Qiu

“…Objective Considering the high risk of postoperative neurological complications for patients with thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS), intra‐operative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been used for detecting possible iatrogenic injury timely. However, the IONM waveforms are often unreliable. …”
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Near‐infrared light scattering and water diffusion in newborn brains by Sachiko Iwata, Reiji Katayama, Kennosuke Tsuda, Yung‐Chieh Lin, Tsuyoshi Kurata, Masahiro Kinoshita, Koya Kawase, Takenori Kato, Shin Kato, Tadashi Hisano, Motoki Oda, Etsuko Ohmae, Sachio Takashima, Yuko Araki, Shinji Saitoh, Osuke Iwata

“…However, MRI studies are generally restricted during acute phase, resulting in uncertainty around upstream clinical events responsible for subtle cerebral injuries. Time‐resolved near‐infrared spectroscopy non‐invasively provides the reduced scattering coefficient (μs′), which theoretically reflects tissue structural complexity. …”
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Intra‐operative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Correction Surgery with Pre‐operative Neurological Deficit: Its Feasibility and High‐risk Fact... by Wanyou Liu, Yinkun Li, Junyin Qiu, Benlong Shi, Zhen Liu, Xu Sun, Yong Qiu, Zezhang Zhu

“…Objective Considering spinal deformity patients with pre‐operative neurological deficit were associated with more intra‐operative iatrogenic neurological complications than those without, intra‐operative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been used for detecting possible iatrogenic injury timely. However, the IONM waveforms are often unreliable. …”
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Hexaxial external fixator versus intramedullary nail in treating segmental tibial fractures: a retrospective study by Zhiming Zhao, Hengsheng Shu, Peng Jia, Xu Chen, Feng Guo, Yabin Liu, Bowen Shi, Guoqi Ji, Chengkuo Cai, Yidong Shen

“…The condition of vascular and neural injuries, time of full weight bearing, bone union time and infection rate were documented and analyzed between the two groups. …”
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