Sprcial discussion: Future Roles for Tincture of Opium in Medical Intervention for Opioid Dependence Treads and Hopes

“…Opium tincture or tincture of opium (TOP), also known as Laudanum, is an alcoholic herbal preparation of opium. …”
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Suicides by opium and its derivatives, in England and Wales, 1850-1950. by Clarke, M

“…In the mid-nineteenth century opium and its derivatives, such as laudanum and morphine, were the most common poisons in suicides in England and Wales. …”

A short history of anti-rheumatic therapy - V. Analgesics by P. Marson, G. Pasero

“…In the XVI and XVII centuries opium came into the preparation of two compounds widely used for pain relief: laudanum and Dover’s powder. The analgesic properties of extracts of willow bark were then recognized and later, in the second half of the XIX century, experimental studies on chemically synthesized analgesics were planned, thus promoting the marketing of some derivatives of para-amino-phenol and pyrazole, the predecessors of paracetamol and metamizol. …”
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The Relationship between Opioid Addiction and Diameter of the Common Bile Duct by Bita Dadpour, Veda Vakili, Robabeh Parhizi, Soudabeh Jalal, Maryam Parhizkar, Abbas Esmaeelzadeh, Majid khadem Rezaiyan

“…According to the findings, 46 (92%) cases were addicted to opium and four (8%) cases to laudanum (a solution prepared from opium). Among the addicted cases, 30 (75%) used opium through inhalation, while 10 (25%) cases used it orally. …”
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