A Novel Role for the BMP Antagonist Noggin in Sensitizing Cells to Non-canonical Wnt-5a/Ror2/Disheveled Pathway Activation by Ondrej Bernatik, Tomasz Radaszkiewicz, Martin Behal, Zankruti Dave, Florian Witte, Annika Mahl, Nicole H. Cernohorsky, Pavel Krejci, Pavel Krejci, Sigmar Stricker, Vitezslav Bryja, Vitezslav Bryja

“…Mammalian limb development is driven by the integrative input from several signaling pathways; a failure to receive or a misinterpretation of these signals results in skeletal defects. …”
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SREBP-2-deficient and hypomorphic mice reveal roles for SREBP-2 in embryonic development and SREBP-1c expression[S] by Laurent Vergnes, Robert G. Chin, Thomas de Aguiar Vallim, Loren G. Fong, Timothy F. Osborne, Stephen G. Young, Karen Reue

“…Analyses of Srebf2−/− embryos revealed a requirement for SREBP-2 in limb development and expression of morphogenic genes. We encountered only one viable Srebf2−/− mouse, which displayed alopecia, attenuated growth, and reduced adipose tissue stores. …”
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Interactive virtual reality game-based rehabilitation for cerebral palsy children using kinect by Lau, Tuck Sheng

“…The objective of this research is to provide an interactive game-based virtual reality therapy for children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) to promote upper limb development in CP children. In this research, a relationship was formed with the Persatuan Cerebral Palsy Johor therapist committee to oversee the research. …”
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Genome-wide scans for signatures of selection in Mangalarga Marchador horses using high-throughput SNP genotyping by Wellington B. Santos, Gustavo P. Schettini, Amanda M. Maiorano, Fernando O. Bussiman, Júlio C. C. Balieiro, Guilherme C. Ferraz, Guilherme L. Pereira, Welder Angelo Baldassini, Otávio R. M. Neto, Henrique N. Oliveira, Rogério A. Curi

“…Conclusions Our findings revealed evidence of signatures of selection in the MM breed that encompass genes acting on athletic performance, limb development, and energy to muscle activity, with the particular involvement of the HOX family genes. …”
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SALL1 Modulates CBX4 Stability, Nuclear Bodies, and Regulation of Target Genes by Immacolata Giordano, Lucia Pirone, Veronica Muratore, Eukene Landaluze, Coralia Pérez, Valerie Lang, Elisa Garde-Lapido, Monika Gonzalez-Lopez, Orhi Barroso-Gomila, Alfred C. O. Vertegaal, Ana M. Aransay, Ana M. Aransay, Jose Antonio Rodriguez, Manuel S. Rodriguez, James D. Sutherland, Rosa Barrio

“…Here we analyze the relationship between two key transcription factors: CBX4, a member of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), and SALL1, a member of the Spalt-like family with important roles in embryogenesis and limb development. Both proteins localize to nuclear bodies and are modified by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). …”
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Characterization of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in skin tissue between early-feathering and late-feathering chickens by Guijun Fang, Xinzheng Jia, Hua Li, Shuwen Tan, Qinghua Nie, Hui Yu, Ying Yang

“…Functional analysis revealed that the altered genes or targets of altered miRNAs were involved in multiple biological processes and pathways related to feather growth and development, such as the Wnt signalling pathway, the TGF-beta signalling pathway, the MAPK signalling pathway, epithelial cell differentiation, and limb development. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA showed that 14 pairs of miRNA-mRNA negatively interacted in the process of feather formation. …”
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Insights in the etiopathology of galactosyltransferase II (GalT-II) deficiency from transcriptome-wide expression profiling of skin fibroblasts of two sisters with compound heteroz... by Marco Ritelli, Nicola Chiarelli, Nicoletta Zoppi, Chiara Dordoni, Stefano Quinzani, Michele Traversa, Marina Venturini, Piergiacomo Calzavara-Pinton, Marina Colombi

“…Microarray-based transcriptome analysis revealed the differential expression of several genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components, including COMP, SPP1, COL5A1, and COL15A1, enzymes involved in GAG synthesis and in ECM remodeling, such as CSGALNACT1, CHPF, LOXL3, and STEAP4, signaling transduction molecules of the TGFβ/BMP pathway, i.e., GDF6, GDF15, and BMPER, and transcription factors of the HOX and LIM families implicated in skeletal and limb development. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the down-regulated expression of some of these genes, in particular of the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and osteopontin, encoded by COMP and SPP1, respectively, and showed the predominant reduction and disassembly of the heparan sulfate specific GAGs, as well as of the PG perlecan and type III and V collagens. …”
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Blood transcriptome comparison between sexes and their function in 4-week Rhode Island red chickens by Hana Kim, Hyojun Choo, Jihye Cha, Myoungjin Jang, Juhwan Son, Taejoon Jeong, Bong-Hwan Choi, Youngjo Lim, Han-Ha Chai, Jungjae Lee, Dajeong Lim, Donghyun Shin, Woncheoul Park, Jong-Eun Park

“…The gene ontology (GO) terms are significantly (p < 0.05) enriched, which were limb development, inner ear development, positive regulation of dendrite development, the KEGG pathway the TGF-beta signaling pathway, and melanogenesis (p < 0.05). …”
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Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix by David Marjanović, Michel Laurin

“…We discuss phylogeny, approaches to coding, methods of phylogenetics (Bayesian inference vs. equally weighted vs. reweighted parsimony), some character complexes (e.g. preaxial/postaxial polarity in limb development), and prospects for further improvement of this matrix. …”
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Didelphis albiventris: an overview of unprecedented transcriptome sequencing of the white-eared opossum by Íria Gabriela Dias dos Santos, Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes, Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva, Amanda Maria Sena Reis, Cláudia Barros Monteiro-Vitorello, Patricia Dayane Carvalho Schaker, Roberto Hirochi Herai, André Brait Carneiro Fabotti, Luiz Lehmann Coutinho, Erika Cristina Jorge

“…The enriched GO terms were mainly related to the immune system, blood tissue development and differentiation, vision, hearing, digestion, the CNS and limb development. Conclusions The elucidation of opossum transcriptomes provides an out-group for better understanding the distinct characteristics associated with the evolution of mammalian species. …”
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Screening and identification of miRNAs regulating Tbx4/5 genes of Pampus argenteus by Cheng Zhang, Shun Zhang, Mengdi Liu, Yajun Wang, Danli Wang, Shanliang Xu

“…Tbx4/5 genes are highly conserved regulatory factors that regulate limb development in vertebrates and are in turn regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). …”
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IHH enhancer variant within neighboring NHEJ1 intron causes microphthalmia anophthalmia and coloboma by Ohad Wormser, Yonatan Perez, Vadim Dolgin, Bahman Kamali, Jared A. Tangeman, Libe Gradstein, Yuval Yogev, Noam Hadar, Ofek Freund, Max Drabkin, Daniel Halperin, Inbar Irron, Erika Grajales-Esquivel, Katia Del Rio-Tsonis, Ramon Y. Birnbaum, Gidon Akler, Ohad S. Birk

“…The human NHEJ1 intronic variant lies within a known specifically limb-development enhancer of a neighboring gene, Indian hedgehog (Ihh), known to be involved in eye development in mice and chickens. …”
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The role of PRX1-expressing cells in periodontal regeneration and wound healing by Zhen Huang, Xu Su, Miliya Julaiti, Xiaotao Chen, Qingxian Luan

“…Post-natal cells expressing the paired-related homeobox protein 1 (PRX1 or PRRX1), a transcription factor expressed in the mesenchyme during craniofacial and limb development, have been shown to have characteristics of skeletal stem cells. …”
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Establishment of a control induced pluripotent stem cell line SMBCi018-A from a patient with congenital talipes equinovarus by Zhenzhong Han, Jing Wang, Jing Luan, Yazhou Cui, Jinxiang Han

“…According to recent studies, the PITX1-TBX4 transcriptional pathway regulatory for early limb development has identified a key developmental pathway in clubfoot etiology by the common disease-rare hypothesis. …”
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Aberrant Ras/MAPK signaling in skeletal development by Nedelcu, Simona

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Does ipsilateral corticospinal excitability play a decisive role in the cross-education effect caused by unilateral resistance training? A systematic review by D. Colomer-Poveda, S. Romero-Arenas, T. Hortobagyi, G. Márquez

“…The principal aim of this review is to determine the degree of adaptation of CSE and its possible functional association with increased strength in the untrained limb. Development: We performed a systematic literature review of studies published between January 1970 and December 2016, extracted from Medline (via PubMed), Ovid, Web of Science, and Science Direct online databases. …”
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A complex structural variant near SOX3 causes X-linked split-hand/foot malformation by Elke de Boer, Carlo Marcelis, Kornelia Neveling, Ellen van Beusekom, Alexander Hoischen, Willemijn M. Klein, Nicole de Leeuw, Tuomo Mantere, Uirá S. Melo, Jeroen van Reeuwijk, Dominique Smeets, Malte Spielmann, Tjitske Kleefstra, Hans van Bokhoven, Lisenka E.L.M. Vissers

“…SHFM is caused by failure to maintain normal apical ectodermal ridge function during limb development. Although several genes and contiguous gene syndromes are implicated in the monogenic etiology of isolated SHFM, the disorder remains genetically unexplained for many families and associated genetic loci. …”
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Construction of the axolotl cell landscape using combinatorial hybridization sequencing at single-cell resolution by Fang Ye, Guodong Zhang, Weigao E., Haide Chen, Chengxuan Yu, Lei Yang, Yuting Fu, Jiaqi Li, Sulei Fu, Zhongyi Sun, Lijiang Fei, Qile Guo, Jingjing Wang, Yanyu Xiao, Xinru Wang, Peijing Zhang, Lifeng Ma, Dapeng Ge, Suhong Xu, Juan Caballero-Pérez, Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez, Yincong Zhou, Ming Chen, Ji-Feng Fei, Xiaoping Han, Guoji Guo

“…Here the authors report a scRNA-seq method to profile neotenic, metamorphic and limb development stages, highlighting unique perturbation patterns of cell type-related gene expression throughout metamorphosis.…”
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Genome Sequencing of the Japanese Eel (<i>Anguilla japonica</i>) for Comparative Genomic Studies on <i>tbx4</i> and a <i>tbx4</i> Gene Cluster in Teleost Fishes by Weiwei Chen, Chao Bian, Xinxin You, Jia Li, Lizhen Ye, Zhengyong Wen, Yunyun Lv, Xinhui Zhang, Junmin Xu, Shaosen Yang, Ruobo Gu, Xueqiang Lin, Qiong Shi

“…Many studies have focused on limb development-related genes, of which the T-box transcription factor 4 gene (<i>tbx4</i>) has been considered as one of the most essential factors in the regulation of the hindlimb development. …”
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Femoral pseudoaneurysm as a complication of slipped capital femoral epiphysis treatment by Carlos Roberto Schwartsmann, João Pedro Farina Brunelli, Gabriel Severo da Silva, Silvio Coelho

“…This report presents a case of bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated with pinning, in which one of the limbs developed a very rare condition: the formation of a femoral pseudoaneurysm that ruptured.…”
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