Altered developmental programs and oriented cell divisions lead to bulky bones during salamander limb regeneration by Marketa Kaucka, Alberto Joven Araus, Marketa Tesarova, Joshua D. Currie, Johan Boström, Michaela Kavkova, Julian Petersen, Zeyu Yao, Anass Bouchnita, Andreas Hellander, Tomas Zikmund, Ahmed Elewa, Phillip T. Newton, Ji-Feng Fei, Andrei S. Chagin, Kaj Fried, Elly M. Tanaka, Jozef Kaiser, András Simon, Igor Adameyko

“…Normal limb development relies on synchronized formation of cartilage and bone. …”
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Runs of Homozygosity in Modern Chicken Revealed by Sequence Data by Reza Talebi, Tomasz Szmatoła, Gábor Mészáros, Saber Qanbari

“…We further revealed the ROH islands, among commercial lines overlapped with QTL related to limb development (GREM1, MEOX2), body weight (Meis2a.1, uc_338), eggshell color (GLCCI1, ICA1, UMAD1), antibody response to Newcastle virus (ROBO2), and feather pecking. …”
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Accelerated Evolution of Limb-Related Gene Hoxd11 in the Common Ancestor of Cetaceans and Ruminants (Cetruminantia) by Jun Li, Songyang Shang, Na Fang, Yubo Zhu, Junpeng Zhang, David M. Irwin, Shuyi Zhang, Zhe Wang

“…Homebox D11 (Hoxd11) is one of the important genes required for limb development in mammals. Mutations in Hoxd11 can lead to defects in particular bones of limbs, including carpus and tarsus. …”
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Variation in WNT7A is unlikely to be a cause of familial Congenital Talipes Equinovarus by Hennekam Raoul, Sahota Sukhy, Shaw Duncan, Cardy Amanda, Inglis Julie, Liu Guoqing, Sharp Linda, Miedzybrodzka Zosia

“…WNT7A is a plausible candidate gene for CTEV as it provides a signal for pattern formation during limb development, and mutation in WNT7A has been reported in a number of limb malformation syndromes.…”
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Large scale genomic reorganization of topological domains at the HoxD locus by Pierre J. Fabre, Marion Leleu, Benjamin H. Mormann, Lucille Lopez-Delisle, Daan Noordermeer, Leonardo Beccari, Denis Duboule

“…Abstract Background The transcriptional activation of HoxD genes during mammalian limb development involves dynamic interactions with two topologically associating domains (TADs) flanking the HoxD cluster. …”
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3D MRI analysis of the lower legs of treated idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot). by Suzanne L Duce, Mariella D'Alessandro, Yimeng Du, Baljit Jagpal, Fiona J Gilbert, Lena Crichton, Simon Barker, J Martin Collinson, Zosia Miedzybrodzka

“…Its exact cause is unknown, although it is related to limb development. The aim of this study was to quantify the anatomy of the muscle, subcutaneous fat, tibia, fibula and arteries in the lower legs of teenagers and young adults with CTEV using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thus to investigate the anatomical differences between CTEV participants and controls.The lower legs of six CTEV (2 bilateral, 4 unilateral) and five control young adults (age 12-28) were imaged using a 3T MRI Philips scanner. 5 of the CTEV participants had undergone soft-tissue and capsular release surgery. 3D T1-weighted and 3D magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images were acquired. …”
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Expanding the spectrum of SMAD3‐related phenotypes to agnathia‐otocephaly by Nicole Meier, Elisabeth Bruder, Peter Miny, Sevgi Tercanli, Isabel Filges

“…Variants affecting function of OTX2 and PRRX1, which together regulate the neural crest cells and the patterning of the first pharyngeal arch as well as skeletal and limb development, were identified to be causal for the anomaly in a few patients. …”
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Functional analysis of alleged NOGGIN mutation G92E disproves its pathogenic relevance. by Julia Zimmer, Sandra C Doelken, Denise Horn, Jay C Groppe, Eileen M Shore, Frederick S Kaplan, Petra Seemann

“…Interestingly, wt-NOGGIN shows different inhibition efficacies towards various Bone Morphogenetic Proteins that are known to be essential in limb development. However, comparing the biological activity of G92E-NOGGIN with wt-NOGGIN, we observed that G92E-NOGGIN inhibits activation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling with equal efficiency as wt-NOGGIN, supporting that G92E-NOGGIN does not cause pathological effects. …”
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A biallelic variant in IQCE predisposed to cause non-syndromic post-axial polydactyly type A by Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Raheel, Gul Hassan, Shah Zeb, Arif Mahmood, Zamrud Zehri, Hafiza Yasmin Manzoor, Muhammad Umair

“…Generally, it appears due to a defect in the anteroposterior patterning during limb development. Methods: Here, we present a proband having non-syndromic post-axial polydactyly (PAP) evaluated using whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing. …”
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Past energy allocation overwhelms current energy stresses in determining energy allocation trade‐offs by Blaine D. Griffen, Mikayla Bolander, April Blakeslee, Laura C. Crane, Michele F. Repetto, Carolyn K. Tepolt, Benjamin J. Toscano

“…As regenerating limbs get closer to their normal size, these historical injuries get harder to detect, despite the continued allocation of additional resources to limb development. Our results demonstrate the importance of and a method for identifying historic appendage losses and of quantifying the amount of regeneration that has already occurred, as opposed to assessing only current injury, to accurately assess the strength of energetic trade‐offs in animals recovering from nonlethal injury.…”
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Is sonic Hedgehog involved in human fracture healing? --a prospective study on local and systemic concentrations of SHH. by Stefan Eipeldauer, Anita Thomas, Leonard Hoechtl-Lee, Mathias Kecht, Harald Binder, Julia Koettstorfer, Markus Gregori, Kambiz Sarahrudi

“…Evidence exist that SHH pathway plays a significant role in vasculogenesis and limb development during embryogenesis. Some in vitro and animal studies has already proven its potential for bone regeneration. …”
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Femoral posture during embryonic and early fetal development: An analysis using landmarks on the cartilaginous skeletons of ex vivo human specimens. by Tetsuya Takakuwa, Marie Ange Saizonou, Sena Fujii, Yousuke Kumano, Aoi Ishikawa, Tomoki Aoyama, Hirohiko Imai, Shigehito Yamada, Toru Kanahashi

“…The present study aimed to establish a timeline of lower-limb development using a precise measurement of femoral posture. …”
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Tissue-specific enhancer repression through molecular integration of cell signaling inputs. by Luis Humberto Mojica-Vázquez, Mikhail H Benetah, Aissette Baanannou, Sandra Bernat-Fabre, Bart Deplancke, David L Cribbs, Henri-Marc Bourbon, Muriel Boube

“…Within the genetically interacting landscape that governs limb development, the bric-à-brac2 (bab2) gene is required for distal leg segmentation. …”
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Duplication and expression of Sox genes in spiders by Christian L. Bonatto Paese, Daniel J. Leite, Anna Schönauer, Alistair P. McGregor, Steven Russell

“…Together with the recent analysis of Sox gene expression in the embryos of other arthropods, our findings support the idea of conserved functions for some of these genes, including a potential role for SoxC and SoxD genes in CNS development and SoxF in limb development. Conclusions Our study provides a new chelicerate perspective to understanding the evolution and function of Sox genes and how the retention of duplicates of such important tool-box genes after WGD has contributed to different aspects of spider embryogenesis. …”
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Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Congenital Upper and Lower Limb Differences: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Jevan Cevik, Omar Salehi, James Gaston, Warren M. Rozen

“…These findings highlight the potential detrimental effects of smoking on foetal limb development and underscore the importance of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women to mitigate these risks.…”
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A GDF5 point mutation strikes twice--causing BDA1 and SYNS2. by Elisa Degenkolbe, Jana König, Julia Zimmer, Maria Walther, Carsten Reißner, Joachim Nickel, Frank Plöger, Jelena Raspopovic, James Sharpe, Katarina Dathe, Jacqueline T Hecht, Stefan Mundlos, Sandra C Doelken, Petra Seemann

“…Growth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is a secreted growth factor that belongs to the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family and plays a pivotal role during limb development. GDF5 is a susceptibility gene for osteoarthritis (OA) and mutations in GDF5 are associated with a wide variety of skeletal malformations ranging from complex syndromes such as acromesomelic chondrodysplasias to isolated forms of brachydactylies or multiple synostoses syndrome 2 (SYNS2). …”
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HIF-1α as a Regulator of BMP2-Induced Chondrogenic Differentiation, Osteogenic Differentiation, and Endochondral Ossification in Stem Cells by Nian Zhou, Ning Hu, Jun-Yi Liao, Liang-Bo Lin, Chen Zhao, Wei-Ke Si, Zhong Yang, Shi-Xiong Yi, Ting-Xu Fan, Wei Bao, Xi Liang, Xu Wei, Hong Chen, Cheng Chen, Qiang Chen, Xin Lin, Wei Huang

“…Methods: BMP2 was used to induce chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in stem cells and fetal limb development. After HIF-1α was added to the inducing system, any changes in the differentiation markers were assessed. …”
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Drosophila distal-less and Rotund bind a single enhancer ensuring reliable and robust bric-a-brac2 expression in distinct limb morphogenetic fields. by Aissette Baanannou, Luis Humberto Mojica-Vazquez, Gaylord Darras, Jean-Louis Couderc, David L Cribbs, Muriel Boube, Henri-Marc Bourbon

“…However, within the genetic interaction landscape governing limb development, no transcription factor directly controlling bab2 expression has been identified to date. …”
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Pathogenesis of Pregabalin-Induced Limb Defects in Mouse Embryos by Leila Etemad, Amir Hossein Jafarian, Seyed Adel Moallem

“…Both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways of cell death are important in mediating the abnormal limb development triggered by insult with the PGB. Evaluating the effect of PGB on molecules involved in the cross-talk between intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation during embryonic development can further help to identify and clarify the involved mechanisms. …”
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The scale of zebrafish pectoral fin buds is determined by intercellular K+ levels and consequent Ca2+-mediated signaling via retinoic acid regulation of Rcan2 and Kcnk5b. by Xiaowen Jiang, Kun Zhao, Yi Sun, Xinyue Song, Chao Yi, Tianlong Xiong, Sen Wang, Yi Yu, Xiduo Chen, Run Liu, Xin Yan, Christopher L Antos

“…Using the zebrafish pectoral fin bud as a model for early vertebrate fin/limb development, we found that K+ channels also scale this anatomical structure, and we determined how one K+-leak channel, Kcnk5b, integrates into its developmental program. …”
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