Carbon Nanocomposites in Aerospace Technology: A Way to Protect Low-Orbit Satellites by Janith Weerasinghe, Karthika Prasad, Joice Mathew, Eduardo Trifoni, Oleg Baranov, Igor Levchenko, Kateryna Bazaka

“…Recent advancements in space technology and reduced launching cost led companies, defence and government organisations to turn their attention to low Earth orbit (LEO) and very low Earth orbit (VLEO) satellites, for they offer significant advantages over other types of spacecraft and present an attractive solution for observation, communication and other tasks. …”
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Performance analysis of LEO mobile satellite systems with DS-CDMA and FDMA/TDMA by Fu, Hongyi.

“…In a comparison of the satellite systems adopting geostationary and non-geostationary orbits, low earth orbit (LEO) constellations have attracted greater attention because of their small propagation delay and high link margin. …”
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Comparison of cubesat and microsat catastrophic failures in function of radiation and debris impact risk by Isabel Lopez-Calle, Alexander I. Franco

“…Abstract Occurrence level comparison of catastrophic failures due to radiation effects on electronic components or collision with space debris are studied in two types of satellites: cubesats and microsats. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) case studies are proposed, and the level of catastrophic failure occurrence is quantified for the same mission duration. …”
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Editorial to the Special Issue: “Dysregulation of Human Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms Resulting in Oxidative Stress and Damage Generation in the Space Environment” by Thomas J. Goodwin, Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou

“…Commercial space industries are emergent, bolstered by new exciting rocket systems, orbital and landing vehicles, the creation of multi-country orbital platforms, satellite technology, the renewed promise of low Earth orbit (LEO) business opportunities, as well as promised planetary exploration [...]…”
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Space Telescopes and Observatories (Astronomical Instruments) / by Chiu, Glinda, author 648061

“…It was deployed in low earth orbit at 450 km (280 miles) to avoid the Van Allen radiation belt. …”
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Encyclopedia of Human Spaceflight Programs / by Scott, Alize 648049

“…Under the Bush administration, the Constellation program included plans for canceling the Shuttle and replacing it with the capability for spaceflight beyond low Earth orbit. In the 2011 United States federal budget, the Obama administration proposed canceling Constellation. …”
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Exposure to multiple ion beams, broadly representative of galactic cosmic rays, causes perivascular cardiac fibrosis in mature male rats. by Marek Lenarczyk, Amy Kronenberg, Marylou Mäder, Richard Komorowski, John W Hopewell, John E Baker

“…Such missions will require humans to live for prolonged periods beyond low earth orbit where astronauts will be continuously exposed to high energy galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). …”
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Exposure to multiple ion beams, broadly representative of galactic cosmic rays, causes perivascular cardiac fibrosis in mature male rats by Marek Lenarczyk, Amy Kronenberg, Marylou Mäder, Richard Komorowski, John W. Hopewell, John E. Baker

“…Such missions will require humans to live for prolonged periods beyond low earth orbit where astronauts will be continuously exposed to high energy galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). …”
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Lyapunov-Based Control via Atmospheric Drag for Tetrahedral Satellite Formation by Mikhail Ovchinnikov, Yaroslav Mashtakov, Sergey Shestakov

“…The problem of small tetrahedral satellite formation maintenance in a Low Earth Orbit is being considered. The main purpose is to develop a simple algorithm for tetrahedron control via atmospheric drag. …”
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THE EFFECT OF SPACE ENVIRONMENTS FACTORS ON SPACECRAFT STRUCTURE by Adnan N. Jamil, Muhsin J. Jweeg, Mahmod F. Edan, Safeen Y. Az-deen

“…The satellite operates on a low earth orbit at circular (500,500) km, and subjected to different torques in space environments.The purpose of this paper is to develop the satellite structure design and test it to obtain the mechanical behaviour of structure. …”
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Dose Limits and Countermeasures for Mitigating Radiation Risk in Moon and Mars Exploration by Daria Boscolo, Marco Durante

“…After decades of research on low-Earth orbit, national space agencies and private entrepreneurs are investing in exploration of the Solar system. …”
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Space agency-specific standards for crew dose and risk assessment of ionising radiation exposures for the International Space Station by Mark Shavers, Edward Semones, Leena Tomi, Jing Chen, Ulrich Straube, Tatsuto Komiyama, Vyacheslav Shurshakov, Chunsheng Li, Werner Rühm

“…Missions to remote destinations well beyond low Earth orbit (BLEO) are upcoming and bestow additional challenges that shape design and radiation protection needs. …”
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Hadronic Energy Scale Calibration of Calorimeters in Space Using the Moon’s Shadow by Alberto Oliva

“…Calorimetric experiments in space of the current and of the next generation measure cosmic rays directly above TeV on satellites in low Earth orbit. A common issue of these detectors is the determination of the absolute energy scale for hadronic showers above TeV. …”
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GNSS Radio Occultation in Advanced Numerical Weather Prediction Models by Guillermo Bosch

“…GPS-Radio Occultation (GPS-RO), and generally, Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO), is a technique that measures the refractivity of the Earth’s atmosphere as a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite listens to the radio signal of a GNSS satellite. …”
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GNSS Radio Occultation in Advanced Numerical Weather Prediction Models by Guillermo Bosch

“…GPS-Radio Occultation (GPS-RO), and generally, Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO), is a technique that measures the refractivity of the Earth's atmosphere as a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite listens to the radio signal of a GNSS satellite. …”
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Telecommunication Systems for Small Satellites Operating at High Frequencies: A Review by Alessandra Babuscia

“…However, as small satellite missions become more ambitious in terms of destinations to reach (from Low Earth Orbit to interplanetary) and in terms of the amount of data to transmit, new technologies need to be developed to provide adequate telecommunication support. …”
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Solid-Fuel Rockets & Rocket Engines / by Willey, Deshaun, author 648353

“…Solid rockets are used as light launch vehicles for low Earth orbit ( LEO ) payloads under 2 tons or escape payloads up to 1000 pounds…”
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Design of a radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) I²C controller by Ng, Wei Yet

“…The primary objective of this final year project is to design an RHBD I²C Controller for low earth orbit satellites based on a 65nm CMOS fabrication process. …”
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A Flexible Ephemeris Representation for GNSS and Alternative PNT Signal Sources Using B-Splines by Mikaela Dobbin, Penina Axelrad

“…We also demonstrate the applicability of this approach for a PNT satellite in low Earth orbit.…”
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Modeling and simulation analysis of Starlink constellation communication by LI Yuanlong, LI Zhiqiang

“…Starlink is the only giant constellation in low Earth orbit currently being rapidly deployed. This paper analyzes the advantages and characteristics of low orbit satellite communication and summarizes Starlink construction and system architecture. …”
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