Optimised versus standard dosing of vancomycin in infants with Gram-positive sepsis (NeoVanc): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2b, non-inferiority trial by Hill, L, Clements, MN, Turner, MA, Dona, D, Lutsar, I, Jacqz-Aigrain, E, Heath, P, Roilides, E, Rawcliffe, L, Alonso-Diaz, C, Baraldi, E, Dotta, A, Ilmoja, M-L, Mahaveer, A, Metsvaht, T, Mitsiakos, G, Papevangelou, V, Sarafidis, K, Walker, AS, Sharland, M

“…Group allocation was not masked to local investigators or parents. The primary endpoint was success at the test of cure visit (10 ± 1 days after the end of actual vancomycin therapy) in the per-protocol population, where success was defined as the participant being alive at the test of cure visit, having a successful outcome at the end of actual vancomycin therapy, and not having a clinically or microbiologically significant relapse or new infection requiring antistaphylococcal antibiotics for more than 24 h within 10 days of the end of actual vancomycin therapy. …”

Daily testing for contacts of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection and attendance and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in English secondary schools and colleges: an open-label, cluster-ran... by Young, BC, Eyre, DW, Peto, TEA, Kendrick, S, White, C, Smith, S, Beveridge, G, Nonnenmacher, T, Ichofu, F, Hillier, J, Oakley, S, Diamond, I, Rourke, E, Dawe, F, Day, I, Davies, L, Staite, P, Lacey, A, McCrae, J, Jones, F, Kelly, J, Bankiewicz, U, Tunkel, S, Ovens, R, Chapman, D, Bhalla, V, Marks, P, Hicks, N, Fowler, T, Hopkins, S, Yardley, L

“…Group assignment was not masked during procedures or analysis. Coprimary outcomes in all students and staff were COVID-19-related school absence and symptomatic PCR-confirmed COVID-19, adjusted for community case rates, to estimate within-school transmission (non-inferiority margin <50% relative increase). …”

Prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and associated risk factors: Cross-sectional and case-control studies by Ngugi, A, Bottomley, C, Kleinschmidt, I, Wagner, R, Kakooza-Mwesige, A, Ae-Ngibise, K, Owusu-Agyei, S, Masanja, H, Kamuyu, G, Odhiambo, R, Chengo, E, Sander, J, Newton, C

“…For each case, an age-matched control individual was randomly selected from the relevant centre's census database. Fieldworkers masked to the status of the person they were interviewing administered questionnaires to individuals with active convulsive epilepsy and control individuals to assess sociodemographic variables and historical risk factors (perinatal events, head injuries, and diet). …”

Single dose primaquine for clearance of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in children with uncomplicated malaria in Uganda: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, dose-ranging tri... by Eziefula, A, Bousema, T, Yeung, S, Kamya, M, Owaraganise, A, Gabagaya, G, Bradley, J, Grignard, L, Lanke, K, Wanzira, H, Mpimbaza, A, Nsobya, S, White, N, Webb, E, Staedke, S, Drakeley, C

“…Study staff who provided care or assessed outcomes and the participants remained masked to the intervention group after assignment. …”

In vitro and in vivo investigation into the role of lysine specific demethylases in the molecular circadian oscillator by Shepherd, H

“…<em>Kdm1a</em>^{<em>E440G/E440G</em>} animals displayed a deficit in circadian masking but a normal phase response to nocturnal light pulses and normal pupillary constriction. …”

Mercaptopurine versus placebo to prevent recurrence of Crohn's disease after surgical resection (TOPPIC): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial by Mowat, C, Arnott, I, Cahill, A, Smith, M, Ahmad, T, Subramanian, S, Travis, S, Morris, J, Hamlin, J, Dhar, A, Nwokolo, C, Edwards, C, Creed, T, Bloom, S, Yousif, M, Thomas, L, Campbell, S, Lewis, S, Sebastian, S, Sen, S, Lal, S, Hawkey, C, Murray, C, Cummings, F, Goh, J, Lindsay, J, Arebi, N, Potts, L, McKinley, A, Thomson, J, Todd, J, Collie, M, Dunlop, M, Mowat, A, Gaya, D, Winter, J, Naismith, G, Ennis, H, Keerie, C, Lewis, S, Prescott, R, Kennedy, N, Satsangi, J, TOPPIC Study Group

“…Patients and their carers and physicians were masked to the treatment allocation. Patients were followed up for 3 years. …”

Production and characterization of biochar derived from oil palm wastes, and optimization for zinc adsorption by Zamani, Seyed Ali

“…After that by rising pH, precipitation and hydroxyl formation occurred which masked the true adsorption. Biochar dosage and heavy metal concentration also influenced the removal of zinc and the optimum values were found to be 10 g/l and 80 mg/l respectively. …”
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Development of herbal-based orally disintegrating tablets from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves by Ali, Muhammad Azhar

“…The excipients, such as microcrystalline celelluose (MCC), mannitol, aspartame and vanilla were selected as binder, sweeteners and falvouring agents on the basis of their flowability, hardness and taste masking properties. Simplex Lattice Design of Design of Expert® 8.0 software was used to formulate mixtures of Moringa orally disintegrating tablets. …”
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Precision of CT-derived alveolar recruitment assessed by human observers and a machine learning algorithm in moderate and severe ARDS by Ludmilla Penarrubia, Aude Verstraete, Maciej Orkisz, Eduardo Davila, Loic Boussel, Hodane Yonis, Mehdi Mezidi, Francois Dhelft, William Danjou, Alwin Bazzani, Florian Sigaud, Sam Bayat, Nicolas Terzi, Mehdi Girard, Laurent Bitker, Emmanuel Roux, Jean-Christophe Richard

“…The average symmetric surface distance between lung segmentation masks was significatively lower in intra-observer comparisons (0.8 mm [interquartile range (IQR) 0.6–0.9]) as compared to human–human (1.0 mm [IQR 0.8–1.3] and human–machine inter-observer comparisons (1.1 mm [IQR 0.9–1.3]). …”
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Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial by Luke Sheridan Rains, Louise Marston, Mark Hinton, Steven Marwaha, Thomas Craig, David Fowler, Michael King, Rumana Z. Omar, Paul McCrone, Jonathan Spencer, Joanne Taylor, Sophie Colman, Catherine Harder, Eleanor Gilbert, Amie Randhawa, Kirsty Labuschagne, Charlotte Jones, Theodora Stefanidou, Marina Christoforou, Meghan Craig, John Strang, Tim Weaver, Sonia Johnson

“…Primary outcome data were collected from patient records at 18 months post-consent by assessors masked to allocation. The trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN33576045. …”
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Knowledge, risk perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency setting, Northeast Nigeria by Saheed Gidado, Melton Musa, Ahmed Ibrahim Ba’aba, Mark Rohit Francis, Lilian Akudo Okeke, Fatima Lawan Bukar, Patrick M. Nguku, Idris Suleman Hadejia, Isa Ali Hassan, Ibrahim Muhammad Bande, Martins Onuoha, Rabi Usman, Gideon Ugbenyo, Ntadom Godwin, Elsie Ilori, Aisha Aliyu Abulfathi, Lawi Auta Mshelia, Abede Momoh Mohammed, Muhammad Maijawa Abdullahi, Mohammed Isa Bammami, Pekka Nuorti, Salla Atkins

“…Furthermore, high risk perception was significantly associated with wearing face masks (χ2 = 106.32, p-value < .001), practicing hand hygiene (χ2 = 162.24, p-value < .001), physical distancing (χ2 = 60.84, p-value < .001) and vaccination uptake (χ2 = 46.85, p-value < .001). …”
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CAR-Ts redirected against the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen CD176 mediate specific elimination of malignant cells from leukemia and solid tumors by Anna Christina Dragon, Luca Marie Beermann, Melina Umland, Agnes Bonifacius, Chiara Malinconico, Louisa Ruhl, Patrik Kehler, Johanna Gellert, Lisa Weiß, Sarah Mayer-Hain, Katharina Zimmermann, Sebastian Riese, Felicitas Thol, Gernot Beutel, Britta Maecker-Kolhoff, Fumiichiro Yamamoto, Rainer Blasczyk, Axel Schambach, Michael Hust, Michael Hudecek, Britta Eiz-Vesper

“…Since both CD176-CAR-Ts did not react towards CD176- control cells, their response proved to be target-specific.DiscussionGenetically engineered CD176-CAR-Ts specifically recognize CD176 which is widely expressed on cancer cells. Since CD176 is masked on most healthy cells, this antigen and the corresponding CAR-Ts represent a promising approach for the treatment of various blood and solid cancers while avoiding “on-target/off-tumor” cytotoxicity.…”
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Effect of a novel vital sign device on maternal mortality and morbidity in low-resource settings: a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial by Nicola Vousden, MBBS, Elodie Lawley, BSc, Hannah L Nathan, PhD, Paul T Seed, CSTAT, Muchabayiwa Francis Gidiri, FRCOG, Shivaprasad Goudar, ProfMD, Jane Sandall, PhD, Lucy C Chappell, ProfFRCOG, Andrew H Shennan, ProfFRCOG, Monice Kachinjika, Doreen Bukani, Jane Makwakwa, Grace Makonyola, Adrian Brown, Paul Toussaint, Adeline Vixama, Grace Greene, Carwyn Hill, Emily Nakiriija, Doreen Birungi, Noela Kalyowa, Dorothy Namakula, Josaphat Byamugisha, Annettee Nakimuli, Nathan Mackayi Odeke, James Ditai, Julius Wandabwa, Fatmata Momodou, Margaret Sesay, Patricia Sandi, Jeneba Conteh, Jesse Kamara, Matthew Clarke, Rebecca Best, Josephine Miti, Mercy Kopeka, Bellington Vwalika, Martina Chima, Thokozile Musonda, Christine Jere, Sebastian Chinkoyo, Violet Mambo, Yonas Guchale, Lomi Yadeta, Feiruz Surur, Geetanjali M Mungarwadi, Sphoorthi S Mastiholi, Chandrappa C Karadiguddi, Umesh Charantimath, Mrutyunjaya Bellad, Natasha Hezelgrave, Kate E Duhig

“…Because of the nature of the intervention, this trial was not masked. Data were gathered monthly, with 20 time periods of 1 month. …”
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Seasonal Variation and Geographical Distribution of COVID-19 across Nigeria (March 2020–July 2021) by Jude Eguolo Moroh, David Chinaecherem Innocent, Uchechukwu Madukaku Chukwuocha, Advait Vasavada, Ramesh Kumar, Mohammad Arham Siddiq, Mohammed Amir Rais, Ali A. Rabaan, Wafa M. Alshehri, Areej M. Alharbi, Mohammed A. Binateeq, Muhammad A. Halwani, Tareq Al-Ahdal, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Ranjit Sah

“…It is imperative to ensure strict and controlled application of social measures, such as social distancing, mandatory wearing of non-medical masks to prevent droplets from entering the respiratory tract, screening of affected patients along with quarantine is essential to defeat and improve infection control.…”
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Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North Atlantic Ocean by S. Kirschler, S. Kirschler, C. Voigt, C. Voigt, B. E. Anderson, G. Chen, E. C. Crosbie, R. A. Ferrare, V. Hahn, V. Hahn, J. W. Hair, S. Kaufmann, S. Kaufmann, R. H. Moore, D. Painemal, C. E. Robinson, K. J. Sanchez, A. J. Scarino, T. J. Shingler, M. A. Shook, K. L. Thornhill, E. L. Winstead, L. D. Ziemba, A. Sorooshian, A. Sorooshian

“…Ice and liquid precipitation, often masked in cloud statistics by a high abundance of liquid clouds, is often observed throughout the cloud. …”
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The impact of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery on picture naming and its relationship to network metric change by Lawrence Peter Binding, Peter Neal Taylor, Aidan G. O'Keeffe, Davide Giampiccolo, Marine Fleury, Fenglai Xiao, Lorenzo Caciagli, Jane de Tisi, Gavin P. Winston, Anna Miserocchi, Andrew McEvoy, John S. Duncan, Sjoerd B. Vos

“…Methods: White matter fibre tractography was performed on preoperative diffusion MRI of 44 left lateralised and left resection individuals with TLE to reconstruct the preoperative structural network. Resection masks, drawn on co-registered pre- and post-operative T1-weighted MRI scans, were used as exclusion regions on pre-operative tractography to estimate the post-operative network. …”
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In-Vitro and In-Vivo Tools in Drug Delivery Research for Optimum Clinical Outcomes / by Misra, Ambikanandan, editor, Shahiwala, Aliasgar, editor

Comparison of hyperpolarized 3He-MRI, CT based parametric response mapping, and mucus scores in asthmatics by Katherine J. Carey, Katherine J. Carey, Katherine J. Carey, Peter Hotvedt, David G. Mummy, David G. Mummy, Kristine E. Lee, Loren C. Denlinger, Mark L. Schiebler, Ronald L. Sorkness, Nizar N. Jarjour, Charles R. Hatt, Charles R. Hatt, Craig J. Galban, Sean B. Fain

“…Segmental and lobar lung masks were obtained from CT and registered to HP 3He MRI in order to localize ventilation defect percent (VDP), at the lobar and segmental level, to regions of fSAD and mucus plugging. …”
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Molecular and Serological Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Positive Samples with Very Low or Undetectable Levels of HBV Surface Antigen by Mary C. Kuhns, Vera Holzmayer, Mark Anderson, Anne L. McNamara, Silvia Sauleda, Dora Mbanya, Pham T. Duong, Nguyen T. T. Dung, Gavin A. Cloherty

“…The lack of detection may be due to HBsAg levels below current assay detection limits, mutations affecting HBsAg assays or HBsAg levels, or the masking of HBsAg by antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). …”
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Mechanistic Model and Optimization of the Diclofenac Degradation Kinetic for Ozonation Processes Intensification by Bryan Acosta-Angulo, Jose Lara-Ramos, Jennyfer Diaz-Angulo, Miguel Angel Mueses, Fiderman Machuca-Martínez

“…Although the models’ prediction described a good agreement with the experimental data (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.3</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), the optimization algorithm was likely to have masked the rate constants as they had highly deviated from already reported values.…”
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