Nonuniform distribution and spectral tuning of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells of the mouse retina. by Hughes, S, Watson, T, Foster, R, Peirson, SN, Hankins, M

“…Melanopsin-expressing photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) represent a third class of retinal photoreceptor. …”

Global rise of potential health hazards caused by blue light-induced circadian disruption in modern aging societies by Megumi Hatori, Claude Gronfier, Russell N. Van Gelder, Paul S. Bernstein, Josep Carreras, Satchidananda Panda, Frederick Marks, David Sliney, Charles E. Hunt, Tsuyoshi Hirota, Toshiharu Furukawa, Kazuo Tsubota

“…Action spectra of ipRGCs and of melanopsin photopigment peak around 480 nm blue light. …”
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Inhibitory effects of fluoxetine on photosensitive retinal ganglion cells by Hughes, S, Foster, R, Peirson, S, Hankins, M

“…Retina were maintained at 34oC, and perfused with AMES media bubbled with 95% O2, 5% CO2. Melanopsin driven light responses were measured as changes in spike firing rate following stimulation with 480nm light. …”

Visual responses in mice lacking critical components of all known retinal phototransduction cascades. by Annette E Allen, Morven A Cameron, Timothy M Brown, Anthony A Vugler, Robert J Lucas

“…The mammalian visual system relies upon light detection by outer-retinal rod/cone photoreceptors and melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells. Gnat1(-/-);Cnga3(-/-);Opn4(-/-) mice lack critical elements of each of these photoreceptive mechanisms via targeted disruption of genes encoding rod α transducin (Gnat1); the cone-specific α3 cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit (Cnga3); and melanopsin (Opn4). …”
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Dataset of red light induced pupil constriction superimposed on post-illumination pupil response by Shaobo Lei, Herbert C. Goltz, Jaime C. Sklar, Agnes M.F. Wong

“…Keywords: Pupil light reflex, Chromatic pupillometry, Melanopsin, Post-illumination pupil response…”
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Blue-light stimulation of the blind-spot constricts the pupil and enhances contrast sensitivity by Tim Schilling, Mojtaba Soltanlou, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Hamed Bahmani

“…It has been shown in rodents that melanopsin is expressed in the axons of ipRGCs that bundle at the optic nerve head, which forms the perceptual blind-spot. …”
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Functional optimization of light-activatable Opto-GPCRs: Illuminating the importance of the proximal C-terminus in G-protein specificity by Siri Leemann, Sonja Kleinlogel

“…We employed rhodopsin-beta2-adrenoceptor and melanopsin-mGluR6 chimeras in second messenger assays and developed structural models of the chimeras.Results: We discovered a dominant role of the proximal C-terminus, dictating G-protein selectivity in the melanopsin-mGluR6 chimera, whereas it is the intracellular loop 3, which steers G-protein tropism in the rhodopsin-beta2-adrenoceptor. …”
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Blue-light stimulation of the blind-spot constricts the pupil and enhances contrast sensitivity. by Tim Schilling, Mojtaba Soltanlou, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Hamed Bahmani

“…It has been shown in rodents that melanopsin is expressed in the axons of ipRGCs that bundle at the optic nerve head, which forms the perceptual blind-spot. …”
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Attenuated pupillary light responses and downregulation of opsin expression parallel decline in circadian disruption in two different mouse models of Huntington’s disease by Ouk, K, Hughes, S, Pothecary, C, Peirson, S, Morton, A

“…The SCN receives input from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that express the photopigment melanopsin, but also receive input from rods and cones. …”

Blue Light Deprivation Produces Depression-Like Responses in Mongolian Gerbils by Hong Hu, Hong Hu, Chenping Kang, Chenping Kang, Xiaohong Hou, Xiaohong Hou, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Qinghe Meng, Qinghe Meng, Jianjun Jiang, Jianjun Jiang, Weidong Hao, Weidong Hao

“…Additionally, BLD affected the blue light sensitivity protein melanopsin and its pathway, with downregulation of the proteins melanopsin, PKCα, and c-Fos and the mRNA levels of c-fos and trpc3 and upregulation of the protein p-PKCα.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that BLD might produce depression-like behaviors in gerbils. …”
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PACAP-deficient mice exhibit light parameter-dependent abnormalities on nonvisual photoreception and early activity onset. by Chihiro Kawaguchi, Yasushi Isojima, Norihito Shintani, Michiyoshi Hatanaka, Xiaohong Guo, Nobuaki Okumura, Katsuya Nagai, Hitoshi Hashimoto, Akemichi Baba

“…BACKGROUND: The photopigment melanopsin has been suggested to act as a dominant photoreceptor in nonvisual photoreception including resetting of the circadian clock (entrainment), direct tuning or masking of vital status (activity, sleep/wake cycles, etc.), and the pupillary light reflex (PLR). …”
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Circadian rhythm dysfunction in glaucoma: A hypothesis by Jean-Louis Girardin, Zizi Ferdinand, Lazzaro Douglas R, Wolintz Arthur H

“…Glaucomatous damage to the ganglion cell layer might be particularly harmful to melanopsin. According to histologic and circadian data, a subset of intrinsically photoresponsive retinal ganglion cells, expressing melanopsin and cryptochromes, entrain the endogenous circadian system via transduction of photic input to the thalamus, projecting either to the suprachiasmatic nucleus or the lateral geniculate nucleus. …”
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Ultraviolet light provides a major input to non-image-forming light detection in mice. by van Oosterhout, F, Fisher, S, van Diepen, H, Watson, T, Houben, T, VanderLeest, H, Thompson, S, Peirson, S, Foster, R, Meijer, J

“…Moreover, UV light exposure induces sleep in wild-type and melanopsin-deficient (Opn4(-/-)) mice with equal efficacy. …”

Effects of artificial light with different spectral composition on eye axial growth in juvenile guinea pigs by Xinyu Xu, Jiayu Shi, Chuanwei Zhang, Lixin Shi, Yujie Bai, Wei Shi, Yuliang Wang

“…After 12 weeks of light exposure, the comparison of retinal DOPAC/DA ratio and melanopsin expression in each group was consistent with that of axial length. …”
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Immunohistochemical Characterisation of the Whale Retina by Noelia Ruzafa, Noelia Ruzafa, Xandra Pereiro, Xandra Pereiro, Elena Vecino, Elena Vecino

“…It is also noteworthy that intrinsically photosensitive RGCs, labelled with melanopsin, form an extraordinary network in the whale retina. …”
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Alterations of color vision and pupillary light responses in age-related macular degeneration by Diego Decleva, Diego Decleva, Kallene Summer Vidal, Kallene Summer Vidal, Kallene Summer Vidal, Kallene Summer Vidal, Andre Carvalho Kreuz, Paulo Augusto Hidalgo Leite de Menezes, Dora Fix Ventura, Dora Fix Ventura

“…The melanopsin function was lower in patients with NVAMD (p = 0.0290) than the control group. …”
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Rods contribute to the light-induced phase shift of the retinal clock in mammals. by Hugo Calligaro, Christine Coutanson, Raymond P Najjar, Nadia Mazzaro, Howard M Cooper, Nasser Haddjeri, Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya

“…While rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin-containing ganglion cells (ipRGCs) all drive light entrainment of the master circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, recent studies have proposed that entrainment of the mouse retinal clock is exclusively mediated by a UV-sensitive photopigment, neuropsin (OPN5). …”
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Ultraviolet light provides a major input to non-image-forming light detection in mice by Van Oosterhout, F, Fisher, S, Van Diepen, H, Watson, T, Houben, T, Vanderleest, H, Thompson, S, Peirson, SN, Foster, R, Meijer, J

“…Moreover, UV light exposure induces sleep in wild-type and melanopsin-deficient (Opn4-/-) mice with equal efficacy. …”

Comparing optogenetic approaches to visual restoration in a model of retinal degeneration by Gilhooley, MJ

“…</p> <p>Cell targeted delivery of a candidate optogenetic tool (melanopsin) using these models was compared to conventional (non-specific) AAV delivery. …”

Fundamental Spectral Boundaries of Circadian Tunability by Jeroen Cerpentier, Youri Meuret

“…The discovery of melanopsin and the non-visual impact of light, lead to a new era in lighting design. …”
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