New methods for the quantification of mixed chimerism in transplantation by Christophe Picard, Christophe Picard, Coralie Frassati, Nicem Cherouat, Sandrine Maioli, Philippe Moskovtchenko, Mathilde Cherel, Jacques Chiaroni, Jacques Chiaroni, Pascal Pedini, Pascal Pedini

“…Historically, chimerism has been quantified from genomic DNA, but with technological advances, chimerism from donor-derived cell-free DNA seems particularly relevant in solid organ transplantation.MethodsThe reference method was until recently the short tandem repeat technique, but new innovative techniques as digital PCR (dPCR) and NGS, have revolutionized the quantification of chimerism, such as the so-called microchimerism analysis. After a short review of chimerism methods, a comparison of chimerism quantification data for two new digital PCR systems (QIAcuity™ dPCR (Qiagen®) and QuantStudio Absolute Q (ThermoFisher®) and two NGS-based chimerism quantification methods (AlloSeq HCT™ (CareDx®) and NGStrack™ (GenDX®)) was performed.ResultsThese new methods were correlated and concordant to routinely methods (r²=0.9978 and r²=0.9974 for dPCR methods, r²=0.9978 and r²=0.9988 for NGS methods), and had similar high performance (sensitivity, reproductibility, linearity).ConclusionFinally, the choice of the innovative method of chimerism within the laboratory does not depend on the analytical performances because they are similar but mainly on the amount of activity and the access to instruments and computer services.…”
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Memory T Cells in Pregnancy by Tom E. C. Kieffer, Anne Laskewitz, Sicco A. Scherjon, Marijke M. Faas, Jelmer R. Prins

“…The maternal immune system is continuously exposed to paternal-fetal antigens; through semen exposure from before pregnancy, through fetal cell exposure in pregnancy, and through microchimerism after pregnancy. This results in the generation of paternal-fetal antigen specific memory T cells. …”
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Impact of transfusion of blood components on the recipient immune system by T. V. Glazanova, E. R. Shilova, A. V. Chechetkin, L. N. Bubnova

“…The role of plasma factors, microparticles, platelets and erythrocytes, HLA sensitization and microchimerism in the development of TRIM is highlighted, the data on occurrence and clinical features of TRIM in perioperative period are presented. …”
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Meiotic drive in chronic lymphocytic leukemia compared with other malignant blood disorders by Viggo Jønsson, Haneef Awan, Neil Deaton Jones, Tom Børge Johannesen, Klaus Thøgersen, Bjarni á Steig, Gudrid Andorsdottir, Geir Erland Tjønnfjord

“…The inheritance is non-Mendelian, a combination of genomic parental imprinting and feto-maternal microchimerism. There is significantly more segregation in maternal than in paternal lines, predominance of mother-daughter combinations in maternal lines, and father-son combinations in paternal lines. …”
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High Dose Versus Low Dose Syngeneic Hepatocyte Transplantation in <i>Pex1</i>-G844D NMRI Mouse Model is Safe but Does Not Achieve Long Term Engraftment by Tanguy Demaret, Jonathan Evraerts, Joachim Ravau, Martin Roumain, Giulio G. Muccioli, Mustapha Najimi, Etienne M. Sokal

“…No liver nor spleen microchimerism was detected after 7, 14 and 30 days. Future optimizations are required to improve hepatocyte engraftment in <i>Pex1</i>-G844D NMRI mouse liver. …”
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The Value of Parental Karyotyping in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Lies in Individual Risk Assessments by Gabriela Popescu-Hobeanu, Simona Serban Sosoi, Mihai Cucu, Ioana Streață, Amelia Dobrescu, Răzvan Pleșea, Anca Lelia Costache, Andreea Iordache, Bianca Petre-Mandache, Ștefania Tudorache, Alexandru Comănescu, Dominic Iliescu, Florin Burada

“…Genetic factors linked to RPL include parental karyotype abnormalities (e.g., translocations, inversions, copy number variants), an increase in sperm aneuploidy, fetal microchimerism, severe skewing of X chromosome inactivation, and various gene polymorphisms. …”
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Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in Stevens–Johnson syndrome-like acute graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation: A case report by Yi-Teng Hung, Yi-Teng Hung, Yau-Ren Chang, Hsuan-Ning Wang, Hsuan-Ning Wang, Hsuan-Ning Wang, Wei-Chen Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Chen-Fang Lee, Chen-Fang Lee, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Bing Chen

“…After assessment of the scoring criteria for drug causality of drug allergy, histopathological findings of skin biopsy, lymphocyte activation test of the potential offending drug, and microchimerism study, the diagnosis was in favor of aGVHD mimicking SJS/TEN. …”
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Donor-Specific Blood Transfusion in Lung Transplantation by Xin Jin, Xin Jin, Jacques Pirenne, Jacques Pirenne, Robin Vos, Robin Vos, Charlotte Hooft, Janne Kaes, Jan Van Slambrouck, Jan Van Slambrouck, Phéline Kortleven, Christelle Vandervelde, Christelle Vandervelde, Hanne Beeckmans, Hanne Beeckmans, Pieterjan Kerckhof, Marianne S. Carlon, Dirk Van Raemdonck, Dirk Van Raemdonck, Mark R. Looney, Mark R. Looney, Bart M. Vanaudenaerde, Laurens J. Ceulemans, Laurens J. Ceulemans

“…Associations with regulatory/helper T cells, modulation of mononuclear phagocytic cells or microchimerism have been suggested. While numerous (pre-)clinical studies have explored its application in solid organ transplants like liver, kidney, and intestine, limited attention has been given to the setting of lung transplantation. …”
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Development and comparison of immunologic assays to detect primary RSV infections in infants by Larry J. Anderson, Larry J. Anderson, Samadhan J. Jadhao, Samadhan J. Jadhao, Laila Hussaini, Laila Hussaini, Binh Ha, Binh Ha, Courtney E. McCracken, Theda Gibson, Theda Gibson, Inci Yildirim, Inci Yildirim, Jumi Yi, Jumi Yi, Kathy Stephens, Kathy Stephens, Chelsea Korski, Chelsea Korski, Carol Kao, Carol Kao, Heying Sun, Heying Sun, Chun Yi Lee, Chun Yi Lee, Anna Jaunarajs, Christina A. Rostad, Christina A. Rostad, Evan J. Anderson, Evan J. Anderson, Evan J. Anderson

“…Unexpectedly, the EliSpot assay was positive in 9/15 (60%) of PBMC specimens from infants not exposed to an RSV season, possibly from maternal microchimerism. The Lysate and F EIAs provide good options to reliably detect RSV antibodies in young children for epidemiologic studies and vaccine trials.…”
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IN UTERO HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (IUHSCT) by Aurelio Maggio, Maria Concetta Renda

“…Useful levels of chimerism has not been achieved in non-immunodeficiency diseases, and&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;a detectable engrafment , was&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;reported only in one case&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;of&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ß-thalassemia transplanted at 12 weeks of gestation&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;by fetal liver cells&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"&gt;In one &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"&gt;-thalassemia case, where &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"&gt;-globin-dependent hemoglobin production and anemia are present during fetal period, microchimerism&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;and tolerance were suggested&lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;. …”
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Mother and child T cell receptor repertoires: deep profiling study by Ekaterina V Putintseva, Olga V Britanova, Dmitriy B Staroverov, Ekaterina M Merzlyak, Maria A Turchaninova, M eShugay, Dmitriy A Bolotin, Mikhail V Pogorelyy, Ilgar Z Mamedov, Vlasta eBobrynina, Mikhail eMaschan, Yuri B Lebedev, Dmitriy M Chudakov, Dmitriy M Chudakov

“…The achieved depth of TCR profiling also allowed us to test the hypothesis that mature T cells transferred across the placenta during pregnancy can expand and persist as functional microchimeric clones in their new host, using characteristic TCR beta CDR3 variants as clonal identifiers.…”
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