Cell of Origin and Genetic Alterations in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma by Benjamin G. Barwick, Benjamin G. Barwick, Vikas A. Gupta, Vikas A. Gupta, Paula M. Vertino, Lawrence H. Boise, Lawrence H. Boise

“…This pre-malignant state, referred to as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or MGUS, provides the opportunity for further genetic and epigenetic alterations eventually resulting in a progressive disease that becomes symptomatic. …”
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Frequent occurrence of highly expanded but unrelated B-cell clones in patients with multiple myeloma. by Jitra Kriangkum, Sarah N Motz, Carina S Debes Marun, Sandrine T Lafarge, Spencer B Gibson, Christopher P Venner, James B Johnston, Andrew R Belch, Linda M Pilarski

“…Molecularly-defined second clones are infrequent in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, 1/43 individuals or 2%), suggesting that they may arise at relatively late stages of myelomagenesis. …”
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Serum BCMA levels predict outcomes in MGUS and smoldering myeloma patients by A. Visram, C. Soof, S. V. Rajkumar, S. K. Kumar, S. Bujarski, T. M. Spektor, R. A. Kyle, J. R. Berenson, A. Dispenzieri

“…Abstract Soluble BCMA (sBCMA) levels are elevated in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). …”
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Excessive Immunoglobulin Lambda (λ) Light Chain Production with Thrombocytopenia and Anaemia in a Patient with Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report by Bandana Mehrotra, Ashok Kumar Kapoor, Rajesh Kumar Srivastava, Hari Shyam, Supriya Mehrotra

“…Provisionally, the patient was diagnosed as a case of gammopathy, with non-IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS), light chain MGUS, SMM, and MM considered in the differential diagnosis. …”
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Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Multiple Myeloma: Open Questions and Therapeutic Opportunities by Cirino Botta, Francesco Mendicino, Enrica Antonia Martino, Ernesto Vigna, Domenica Ronchetti, Pierpaolo Correale, Fortunato Morabito, Antonino Neri, Massimo Gentile

“…Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, characterized by a multi-step evolutionary path, which starts with an early asymptomatic stage, defined as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) evolving to overt disease in 1% of cases per year, often through an intermediate phase known as “smoldering” MM (sMM). …”
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Recurrence of paraproteinemic crystalline keratopathy after corneal transplantation: A case of monoclonal gammopathy of ocular significance by Siamak Nobacht, Benno Kusters, Myrte B. Breukink, Gerard A. Rongen, Johannes R.M. Cruysberg

“…Purpose: To report the long-term follow-up (12 years) of a 36-year-old male patient with crystalline keratopathy of both eyes, diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Complete ophthalmic, systemic, and corneal immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. …”
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PSMB7 Is a Key Gene Involved in the Development of Multiple Myeloma and Resistance to Bortezomib by Dong Wu, Jiyu Miao, Jinsong Hu, Fangmei Li, Dandan Gao, Hongli Chen, Yuandong Feng, Ying Shen, Aili He

“…Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM), approximately 1% or 10% of which, respectively, can progress to MM per year, are the premalignant stages of MM. …”
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Prevalence of corneal findings and their interrelation with hematological findings in monoclonal gammopathy by Mohammad Al Hariri, Markus Munder, Walter Lisch, Alexander K. Schuster, Eva-Marie Fehr, Björn Jacobi, Alexander Desuki, Andreas Kreft, Adrian Gericke, Norbert Pfeiffer, Joanna Wasielica-Poslednik

“…<h4>Methods</h4> Fifty-one patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (n = 19), smoldering multiple myeloma (n = 5) or multiple myeloma (n = 27) were prospectively included in this study. …”
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Heterogeneity of B cell lymphopoiesis in patients with premalignant and active myeloma by Jana Jakubikova, Danka Cholujova, Gabor Beke, Teru Hideshima, Lubos Klucar, Merav Leiba, Krzysztof Jamroziak, Paul G. Richardson, Efstathios Kastritis, David M. Dorfman, Kenneth C. Anderson

“…To better characterize the heterogeneity of multiple myeloma (MM), we profiled plasma cells (PCs) and their B cell lymphopoiesis in the BM samples from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering MM, and active MM by mass cytometry (CyTOF) analysis. …”
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Increased monoclonal components: Prevalence in an Italian population of 44 474 outpatients detected by capillary electrophoresis by Vernocchi Arialdo, Longhi Ermanno, Lippi Giuseppe, Gelsumini Silvia

“…Previous evidence attests that MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance) detected by agarose gel electrophoresis has a prevalence of 3.2% in the general population. …”
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Real-world treatment outcomes in multiple myeloma: Multicenter registry results from Finland 2009-2013. by Kari Remes, Pekka Anttila, Raija Silvennoinen, Mervi Putkonen, Hanna Ollikainen, Venla Terävä, Marjatta Sinisalo, Kristiina Kananen, Frida Schain, Päivi Castren-Kortegangas, Tiina M Järvinen, Marta Pisini, Felix Wahl, Tricia Dixon, Amy Leval

“…Patients receiving allogenic stem cell transplantation were excluded from the cohort, as were individuals who only had monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance diagnosis and patients who had not initiated treatment during this period. …”
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MicroRNA expression in multiple myeloma is associated with genetic subtype, isotype and survival by Pezzella Francesco, Littlewood Timothy, Saunders Nigel J, Tramonti Daniela, Hay Deborah, Taylor Steve, Kušec Rajko, Chen Xiao-He, Ballabio Erica, Chi Jianxiang, Boultwood Jacqueline, Wainscoat James S, Hatton Christian SR, Lawrie Charles H

“…We therefore used microarray analysis to elucidate the complete miRNome (miRBase version 13.0) of purified tumor (CD138⁺) cells from 33 patients with MM, 5 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 9 controls.…”
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In vivo assessment of glutamine anaplerosis into the TCA cycle in human pre-malignant and malignant clonal plasma cells by Wilson I. Gonsalves, Jin Sung Jang, Erik Jessen, Taro Hitosugi, Laura A. Evans, Dragan Jevremovic, Xuan-Mai Pettersson, Alexander Graham Bush, Jaimee Gransee, Emilie I. Anderson, Shaji K. Kumar, K. Sreekumaran Nair

“…Abstract Background Overexpression of c-Myc is required for the progression of pre-malignant plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM). c-Myc also increases glutamine anaplerosis into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle within cancer cells. …”
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Bone marrow endothelial cells sustain a tumor-specific CD8+ T cell subset with suppressive function in myeloma patients by Patrizia Leone, Giuseppe Di Lernia, Antonio Giovanni Solimando, Sebastiano Cicco, Ilaria Saltarella, Aurelia Lamanuzzi, Roberto Ria, Maria Antonia Frassanito, Maurilio Ponzoni, Paolo Ditonno, Franco Dammacco, Vito Racanelli, Angelo Vacca

“…Because of these intimate interactions, we investigated the capacity of EC to act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) and modulate CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation in bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We found that EC from MM patients show a phenotype of semi-professional APC given that they express low levels of the co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86, and of the inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL). …”
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A genetic risk score of alleles related to MGUS interacts with socioeconomic position in a population-based cohort by Lisa Baak, Mirjam Frank, Jan Dürig, Ulrich Dührsen, Per Hoffmann, Markus M. Nöthen, Nico Dragano, Raimund Erbel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Börge Schmidt

“…Abstract Environmental, genetic, and social factors are suggested to jointly influence monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor of multiple myeloma. …”
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Genome-wide profiling of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines in circulating cell-free DNA reveals population-specific pathways in the development of multiple myeloma by Brian C.-H. Chiu, Zhou Zhang, Benjamin A. Derman, Jason Karpus, Liangzhi Luo, Sheng Zhang, Spencer S. Langerman, Madina Sukhanova, Parveen Bhatti, Andrzej Jakubowiak, Chuan He, Wei Zhang

“…Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) and its precursors monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma (SMM) are 2–3 times more common in African Americans (AA) than European Americans (EA). …”
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Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Patients with MGUS and Multiple Myeloma by Andrea Knight, Lucie Rihova, Romana Kralova, Miroslav Penka, Zdenek Adam, Ludek Pour, Martin Piskacek, Roman Hajek

“…We also observed a significant decrease of pDCs (<i>p</i> = 0.004) in BM in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, <i>n</i> = 12). …”
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Spinal Cord Impairment in Anti-Mag Neuropathy: Evidence from Somatosensory Evoked Potentials by Marilisa Boscarino, Jacopo Lanzone, Lorenzo Ricci, Mario Tombini, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Giovanni Assenza

“…Blood routine tests and hematological work-up led to a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. High titers of anti-MAG antibodies was revealed (34,594.70 BTU/mL, normal range 0–1000). …”
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Long term follow-up of complement parameters to improve the management of acquired angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency by Zsofia Polai, Zsuzsanna Balla, Lilian Varga, Szabolcs Benedek, Henriette Farkas

“…Most often lymphoma (6/19 patients) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (6/19 patients) were found.Angioedema specific long-term prophylaxis did not result in an improvement in neither the frequency of the attacks nor in the complement parameters.A connection has been found between the presence and activity of any underlying disease, the frequency of the angioedema attacks and the decreased level of proteins of the complement system. …”
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Observational case-control study of small-fiber neuropathies, with regards on smoking and vitamin D deficiency and other possible causes by Maxime Fouchard, Maxime Fouchard, Emilie Brenaut, Emilie Brenaut, Steeve Genestet, Steeve Genestet, Anne-Sophie Ficheux, Pascale Marcorelles, Pascale Marcorelles, Pascale Marcorelles, Laurent Misery, Laurent Misery, Laurent Misery

“…The established causes were autoimmune diseases (9.1%), diabetes or glucose intolerance (8%), medication (4%), liver disease (3.4%), and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (2.9%). Current or former smokers were more numerous in the SFN group (26.5%) than in the control group (16.1%), while vitamin D amounts were significantly lower in the SFN group than in the control group.DiscussionHence, tobacco smoking and vitamin D deficiency might be new putative causes of SFN.…”
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