Is levodopa toxic? Insights from pathological studies by Parkkinen, L, Lees, A

“…The relationship between two pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD), i.e. selective loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and intracytoplasmic aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) protein in Lewy bodies (LBs) in the surviving nerve cells, is still unresolved. Although levodopa (l-dopa), the natural amino acid precursor of dopamine, is the most effective and widely used symptomatic agent for the treatment of PD, there has been a long-standing concern that it could be toxic to dopaminergic neurons. …”

FGF21 prevents neuronal cell ferroptosis after spinal cord injury by activating the FGFR1/β-Klotho pathway by Tianli Xu, Qiancheng Zhu, Qun Huang, Qi Gu, Yi Zhu, Mengjie Tang, Shoujin Tian, Liming Wang, Fei Yan, Jianfei Ge, Weiping Sha, Xiaolong Lin

“…Although the involvement of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation leading to nerve cell ferroptosis in SCI progression has been reported, the underlying mechanisms remain unaddressed. …”
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Enteric nervous system damage caused by abnormal intestinal butyrate metabolism may lead to functional constipation by Le Wang, Le Wang, Wan-Qiang Lv, Wan-Qiang Lv, Jun-Ting Yang, Xu Lin, Hui-Min Liu, Hang-Jing Tan, Ru-Ping Quan, Pan-Pan Long, Hui Shen, Jie Shen, Hong-Wen Deng, Hong-Mei Xiao

“…Moreover, the accumulation of an excessively high amount of butyric acid inhibits the proliferation of nerve cells and subsequently exacerbates the disease.…”
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High-fat stimulation induces atrial neural remodeling by reducing NO production via the CRIF1/eNOS/P21 axi by An Zhang, Huilin Li, Qiyuan Song, Yansong Cui, Yujiao Zhang, Ximin Wang, Zhan Li, Yinglong Hou

“…To investigate the interplay between cardiomyocytes and nerve cells in a co-culture system, we utilized Transwell cell culture plates featuring a pore size of 0.4 μm. …”
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Systemic Administration of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Improves the Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in Rats and Attenuates SCI-Induced Autophagy by Sipin Zhu, Sipin Zhu, Sipin Zhu, Yibo Ying, Yibo Ying, Lin Ye, Lin Ye, Weiyang Ying, Weiyang Ying, Jiahui Ye, Jiahui Ye, Qiuji Wu, Qiuji Wu, Min Chen, Min Chen, Hui Zhu, Xiaoyang Li, Haicheng Dou, Huazi Xu, Zhouguang Wang, Zhouguang Wang, Jiake Xu, Jiake Xu

“…Protecting the death of nerve cells is an essential tactic for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. …”
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Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein sebagai Penanda Prognostik pada Stroke Iskemik Akut by Lisda Amalia

“…Biological markers are needed to describe the damage to brain nerve cells so that they can help clinicians to make a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. …”
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Transcranial cortex-wide Ca2+ imaging for the functional mapping of cortical dynamics by Serika Yamada, Yan Wang, Hiromu Monai, Hiromu Monai

“…Visualization and tracking of the information flow in the broader brain area are essential because nerve cells make a vast network in the brain. Fluorescence Ca2+ imaging is a simultaneous visualization of brain cell activities in a wide area. …”
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Probiotics: A Dietary Factor to Modulate the Gut Microbiome, Host Immune System, and Gut–Brain Interaction by Tetsuji Hori, Kazunori Matsuda, Kenji Oishi

“…These organisms have been proposed to act by improving the balance of the gut microbiota and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids, as well as by interacting with host cells in the gastrointestinal tract, including immune cells, nerve cells, and endocrine cells. Although the stimulation of host cells by probiotics and subsequent signaling have been explained by in vitro experiments and animal studies, there has been some skepticism as to whether probiotics can actually interact with host cells in the human gastrointestinal tract, where miscellaneous indigenous bacteria coexist. …”
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The expression of prosaposin and its receptors, GRP37 and GPR37L1, are increased in the developing dorsal root ganglion by Miho Taniguchi, Hiroaki Nabeka, Kimiko Yamamiya, Md. Sakirul Islam Khan, Tetsuya Shimokawa, Farzana Islam, Takuya Doihara, Hiroyuki Wakisaka, Naoto Kobayashi, Fumihiko Hamada, Seiji Matsuda

“…These findings suggest that PSAP and GPR37/GPR37L1 play a role in activating both satellite and nerve cells.…”
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Micro RNAS as New Players in Control of Hypothalamic Functions by O. A. Beylerli, I. F. Gareev, A. T. Beylerli

“…Some play a significant role in the genesis and differentiation of nerve cells (neurons and glial cells). Notably, it has recently been established that miRNAs play a vital role in the mechanisms underpinning the infantile increase of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production by neurons in the hypothalamus. …”
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Protective effects and mechanism of puerarin targeting PI3K/Akt signal pathway on neurological diseases by Qian Wang, Zi-Nuo Shen, Shu-Jing Zhang, Yan Sun, Feng-Jie Zheng, Yu-Hang Li

“…This paper illustrates that puerarin, as a neuroprotective agent, can protect nerve cells and delay the progression of neurological diseases through the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.…”
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A case study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cryptococcal meningitis combined with cognitive impairment by Yuanbiao Liu, Lei Fan, Xinlin Jiang, Yi Lu, Yige Li

“…The cognitive assessment indicated that, although her cognitive function was impaired, especially executive function, it largely improved after receiving anti-infectious and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, which can alter the membrane potential of the cortical nerve cells by triggering long-term potentiation and depression, modulating and releasing hormones, reducing the level of neuroinflammatory and peripheral blood cytokines, promoting nerve regeneration and synaptic remodeling, and changing the activity of the neural circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. …”
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Functional characterization of mammalian Wntless homolog in mammalian system by Li-Ting Wang, Shih-Jong Wang, Shih-Hsien Hsu

“…Expression of Wntless protein analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining was only detected in the submucosa, muscle, ganglia, and nerve cells of murine large intestines. Both immunofluorescence staining and subcellular fraction extraction analysis revealed that endogenous Wntless protein was expressed predominantly in the cytoplasmic organelles with a morphologically dot-shaped distribution. …”
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Clinicopathologic analysis of progressive non-fluent aphasia and corticobasal degeneration:Case report and review by Paulo Roberto de Brito-Marques, Roberto José Vieira-Mello, Luciano Montenegro, Maria de Fátima Vasco Aragão

“…Many of the residual nerve cells were ballooned and achromatic with eccentric nuclei. …”
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Head and Neck Schwannomas by Osman Kürşat Arıkan, Evrim Ünsal Tuna, Cafer Özdem, Can Koç

“…Schwannomas (neurilemmomas) are solitary neurogenic tumors which are observed rarely and originating from peripheric, cranial or autonomic nerve cells. They grow slowly and frequently manifest themselves as asymptomatic masses in the neck. …”
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Role of Edaravone as a Treatment Option for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by HaEun Cho, Surabhi Shukla

“…Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to a loss of muscle control due to nerve cells being affected in the brain and spinal cord. …”
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Histopathological study of experimental and natural infections by Trypanosoma cruzi in Didelphis marsupialis by João Carlos Araujo Carreira, Ana Maria Jansen, Maria P Deane, Henrique Leonel Lenzi

“…Parasites were found in smooth, cardiac and/or predominantly striated muscles, as well as in nerve cells. Differing from the experimentally infected opossums parasitism in the naturally infected animals predominated in the heart, esophagus and stomach. …”
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Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and its treatments: A systematic review by Lou Yuxuan, Sun Shiyuan, Tan Jiangqi

“…Specifically, amyloid-beta accumulation can be detrimental for nervous system for Amyloid-beta hypothesis, while Tau protein hyperphosphorylation can cause the breakdown of nerve cells. With regard to Neurotransmitter decrease hypothesis, it is deemed as the direct reason to cause Alzheimer’s disease. …”
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Research progress of endogenous neural stem cells in spinal cord injury by Ya‐Ting Wang, Hao Yuan

“…Studies have confirmed that endogenous neural stem cells (ENSCs), as multipotent neural stem cells, which are located in the ependymal region of the central canal of the adult mammalian spinal cord, are activated after SCI and then differentiate into various nerve cells to promote endogenous repair and regeneration. …”
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Antipsychotics preserve telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after acute oxidative stress injury by Gabriel B Polho, Giancarlo M Cardillo, Daniel S Kerr, Thais Chile, Wagner F Gattaz, Orestes V Forlenza, Helena P Brentani, Vanessa J De-Paula

“…Antipsychotics may prolong or retain telomere length, affect mitochondrial function, and then affect the metabolism of nerve cells. To validate the hypothesis that antipsychotics can prolong telomere length after oxidative stress injury, leukocytes from healthy volunteers were extracted using Ficoll-Histopaque density gradient. …”
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