Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Neuroinflammation, Promote Neural Cell Proliferation and Improve Oligodendrocyte Maturation in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ische... by Nicole Kaminski, Christian Köster, Yanis Mouloud, Verena Börger, Ursula Felderhoff-Müser, Ivo Bendix, Bernd Giebel, Josephine Herz

“…These alterations were associated with an increased neuronal and vessel density, coinciding with a significant increase of proliferating cells in the neurogenic sub-ventricular zone juxtaposed to the striatum. MSC-EV-mediated neuroprotection went along with a significant improvement of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that MSC-EVs mediate anti-inflammatory effects, promote regenerative responses and improve key developmental processes in the injured neonatal brain. …”
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Systemic peptide mediated delivery of an siRNA targeting α-syn in the CNS ameliorates the neurodegenerative process in a transgenic model of Lewy body disease by Brian Spencer, Ivy Trinh, Edward Rockenstein, Michael Mante, Jazmin Florio, Anthony Adame, Omar M.A. El-Agnaf, Changyoun Kim, Eliezer Masliah, Robert A. Rissman

“…This approach showed reduced expression of α-syn and neuroprotection in a toxic mouse model of PD. However, since receptor-mediated delivery is potentially saturable, each allowing the delivery of a limited number of molecules, we identified an alternative peptide for the transport of nucleotides across the BBB based on the apolipoprotein B (apoB) protein targeted to the family of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R). …”
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Inhibition of P2X4R attenuates white matter injury in mice after intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating microglial phenotypes by Xiongjie Fu, Guoyang Zhou, Xinyan Wu, Chaoran Xu, Hang Zhou, Jianfeng Zhuang, Yucong Peng, Yang Cao, Hanhai Zeng, Yin Li, Jianru Li, Liansheng Gao, Gao Chen, Lin Wang, Feng Yan

“…Furthermore, we found that TrkB blockage can reverse the protective effects of WMI as well as neuroprotection after 5-BDBD treatment. This result indicates that P2X4R plays a crucial role in regulating WMI and neuroinflammation and that P2X4R inhibition may benefit patients with ICH. …”
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Cardioprotective Properties of Mannitol—Involvement of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels by Katharina Feige, Janine Rubbert, Annika Raupach, Martin Stroethoff, André Heinen, Markus W. Hollmann, Ragnar Huhn, Carolin Torregroza

“…Next to these clinical indications, different organ-protective properties—e.g., perioperative neuroprotection—are described. However, whether Mannitol also confers cardioprotection via a pre- and/or postconditioning stimulus, possibly reducing consequences of I/R injury, remains to be seen. …”
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Adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide rescues aberrant neuronal metabolic-associated memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease by Tahir Ali, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Amjad Khan, Haroon Badshah, Noman Bin Abid, Min Woo Kim, Myeung Hoon Jo, Seung Soo Chung, Hyoung-gon Lee, Bart P. F. Rutten, Myeong Ok Kim

“…Results Our in vitro and in vivo results show that Os-pep has good safety and neuroprotection profiles and crosses the blood-brain barrier. …”
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PET imaging of P2X7R in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis using [11C]SMW139 by Wissam Beaino, Bieneke Janssen, Esther Kooijman, Ricardo Vos, Robert C. Schuit, James O’Brien-Brown, Michael Kassiou, Bert van het Hof, Danielle J. Vugts, Helga E. de Vries, Albert D. Windhorst

“…This can provide crucial insights into the role of microglia in disease progression and enables the development of novel treatment strategies aimed at modulating the immune response in order to promote neuroprotection.…”
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The effect of metformin on ameliorating neurological function deficits and tissue damage in rats following spinal cord injury: A systematic review and network meta-analysis by Long-yun Zhou, Xu-qing Chen, Bin-bin Yu, Meng-xiao Pan, Lu Fang, Jian Li, Xue-jun Cui, Xue-jun Cui, Min Yao, Min Yao, Xiao Lu

“…Subgroup analyses indicated an association between neuroprotection and metformin dose. Network meta-analysis showed that 50 mg/kg metformin exhibited greater protection than 10 and 100 mg/kg metformin. …”
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Hizikia fusiforme functional oil (HFFO) prevents neuroinflammation and memory deficits evoked by lipopolysaccharide/aluminum trichloride in zebrafish by Ying-Ying Nie, Ying-Ying Nie, Long-Jian Zhou, Long-Jian Zhou, Yan-Mei Li, Wen-Cong Yang, Ya-Yue Liu, Ya-Yue Liu, Zhi-You Yang, Xiao-Xiang Ma, Yong-Ping Zhang, Peng-Zhi Hong, Peng-Zhi Hong, Yi Zhang, Yi Zhang

“…Moreover, 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid and phytol showed a good affinity with NF-κB, COX-2, and HFFO exhibited acceptable drug-likeness and ADMET profiles in general.ConclusionCollectively, this study's findings suggest HFFO as a potent neuroprotectant, potentially valuable for the prevention of memory impairment caused by cholinergic deficiency and neuroinflammation.…”
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Analysis of the anatomic eligibility for transcarotid artery revascularization in Chinese patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy and transfemoral carotid artery stenting by Weijian Fan, Weijian Fan, Weijian Fan, Weihao Shi, Shuangshuang Lu, Wencheng Guo, Jindong Tong, Jinyun Tan, Jinyun Tan, Bo Yu, Bo Yu

“…The anatomic eligibility of TCAR was based on the instruction of the ENROUTE Transcarotid Neuroprotection System. The carotid artery characteristics and configuration of the circle of Willis (CoW) were evaluated by CT angiography. …”
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Young Sca-1+ bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes preserve visual function via the miR-150-5p/MEKK3/JNK/c-Jun pathway to reduce M1 microglial polarization by Yuan Wang, Wan-yun Qin, Qi Wang, Xin-na Liu, Xiang-hui Li, Xin-qi Ye, Ying Bai, Yan Zhang, Pan Liu, Xin-lin Wang, Yu-hang Zhou, Hui-ping Yuan, Zheng-bo Shao

“…Conclusion This study elucidates a potential new therapeutic approach for neuroprotection against I/R injury, via delivering miR-150-5p-enriched Sca-1+ exosomes, which targets the miR-150-5p/MEKK3/JNK/c-Jun axis, thereby serving as a cell-free remedy for treating retinal I/R injury and preserving visual functioning.…”
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Milk intake enhances cerebral antioxidant (glutathione) concentration in older adults: A randomized controlled intervention study by In-Young Choi, In-Young Choi, In-Young Choi, In-Young Choi, Matthew K. Taylor, Phil Lee, Phil Lee, Phil Lee, Sibelle Alwatchi Alhayek, Misty Bechtel, Jill Hamilton-Reeves, Kendra Spaeth, Peter Adany, Debra K. Sullivan

“…Identifying dietary sources that effectively enhance antioxidant defenses and neuroprotection could lead to the development of new strategies to promote brain health in the aging population.Clinical trial registration[https://ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT02957422].…”
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MD2 contributes to the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder via the regulation of α5GABAA receptors in aged mice by Wenqiang Zuo, Jianshuai Zhao, Jinming Zhang, Zongping Fang, Jiao Deng, Ze Fan, Yaru Guo, Jing Han, Wugang Hou, Hailong Dong, Feifei Xu, Lize Xiong

“…Conclusions MD2 contributes to the occurrence of PND by regulating α5GABAARs in aged mice, and Tat-CIRP-CMA is a promising neuroprotectant against PND.…”
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Crosstalk Between ATP-P2X7 and Adenosine A2A Receptors Controlling Neuroinflammation in Rats Subject to Repeated Restraint Stress by Liliana Dias, Cátia R. Lopes, Francisco Q. Gonçalves, Ana Nunes, Daniela Pochmann, Nuno J. Machado, Angelo R. Tomé, Angelo R. Tomé, Paula Agostinho, Paula Agostinho, Rodrigo A. Cunha, Rodrigo A. Cunha

“…All these features were attenuated by the P2X7R-preferring antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG, 45 mg/kg, i.p.) or by caffeine (0.3 g/L, p.o.), which affords neuroprotection through A2AR blockade. Notably, BBG attenuated A2AR upregulation and caffeine attenuated P2X7R upregulation. …”
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Iso-Oncotic Albumin Mitigates Brain and Kidney Injury in Experimental Focal Ischemic Stroke by Renata de S. Mendes, Gloria Martins, Milena V. Oliveira, Nazareth N. Rocha, Fernanda F. Cruz, Mariana A. Antunes, Soraia C. Abreu, Adriana L. Silva, Christina Takiya, Pedro M. Pimentel-Coelho, Chiara Robba, Rosália Mendez-Otero, Paolo Pelosi, Paolo Pelosi, Patricia R. M. Rocco, Patricia R. M. Rocco, Pedro L. Silva, Pedro L. Silva

“…We tested the hypothesis that an iso-oncotic solution of albumin (5%), administered earlier after acute ischemic stroke (3 h), could provide neuroprotection without causing kidney damage, compared to a hyper-oncotic albumin (20%) and saline.Objective: To compare the effects of saline, iso-oncotic albumin, and hyper-oncotic albumin, all titrated to similar hemodynamic targets, on the brain and kidney.Methods: Ischemic stroke was induced in anesthetized male Wistar rats (n = 30; weight 437 ± 68 g) by thermocoagulation of pial blood vessels of the primary somatosensory, motor, and sensorimotor cortices. …”
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Targeted ablation of signal transducer and activator of transduction 1 alleviates inflammation by microglia/macrophages and promotes long-term recovery after ischemic stroke by Wenxuan Han, Hongjian Pu, Sicheng Li, Yaan Liu, Yongfang Zhao, Mingyue Xu, Caixia Chen, Yun Wu, Tuo Yang, Qing Ye, Hong Wang, R. Anne Stetler, Jun Chen, Yejie Shi

“…Conclusions Mi/MΦ-targeted STAT1 KO does not provide immediate neuroprotection but augments inflammation-resolving actions of Mi/MΦ, thereby facilitating long-term functional recovery after stroke. …”
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Marine fungal metabolite butyrolactone I prevents cognitive deficits by relieving inflammation and intestinal microbiota imbalance on aluminum trichloride-injured zebrafish by Yingying Nie, Jingming Yang, Longjian Zhou, Zhiyou Yang, Jinyue Liang, Yayue Liu, Xiaoxiang Ma, Zhongji Qian, Pengzhi Hong, Allan V. Kalueff, Cai Song, Yi Zhang

“…Butyrolactone I (BTL-I), a marine fungal metabolite, was previously reported as an in vitro neuroprotectant and inflammation inhibitor. However, little is known regarding its in vivo effects, whereas zebrafish (Danio rerio) could be used as a convenient in vivo model of toxicology and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. …”
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A Critical Role of δ-Opioid Receptor in Anti-microglial Activation Under Stress by Yuan Xu, Yuan Xu, Yuan Xu, Feng Zhi, Feng Zhi, Ya Peng, Ya Peng, Jiahao Mao, Jiahao Mao, Gianfranco Balboni, Yilin Yang, Yilin Yang, Ying Xia

“…Since δ-opioid receptor (DOR) activation exhibits a strong protective capacity against various neuronal injuries, especially the hypoxic/ischemic injury, we asked if the DOR-induced neuroprotection is associated with its effect on microglia. …”
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The Degradation of TMEM166 by Autophagy Promotes AMPK Activation to Protect SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to MPP⁺ by Zhaozhong Liao, Zunshuang Gong, Zhe Wang, Weiyan Yang, Wenjing Liu, Lin Hou, Xiaokun Liu, Junnan Hua, Bin Wang, Ning Li

“…Growing evidence shows that autophagy confers neuroprotection in oxidative-stress-associated PD. This work aims to investigate the involvement of TMEM166, an endoplasmic-reticulum-localized autophagy-regulating protein, in the process of PD-associated oxidative stress through the classic cellular PD model of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺). …”
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Alleviates Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Mice With Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease by Yinpei Luo, Yinpei Luo, Hong Yang, Xiaojing Yan, Yaran Wu, Guoliang Wei, Xiaoying Wu, Xuelong Tian, Ying Xiong, Guangyan Wu, Huizhong Wen

“…Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can protect neurons, induce changes in glial cells, regulate cerebral blood flow, and exert long-term neuroprotection. However, the mechanism by which tDCS improves NVU function is unclear. …”
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A Novel Multifunctional 5,6-Dimethoxy-Indanone-Chalcone-Carbamate Hybrids Alleviates Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease by Dual Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Inflamm... by Chan Liu, Chan Liu, Zhipei Sang, Hong Pan, Hong Pan, Qin Wu, Yu Qiu, Jingshan Shi

“…Moreover, studies were conducted to examine the potential of AP5 for inhibiting AChE and AChE-induced amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, attenuating neuroinflammation, and providing neuroprotection in the APP/PS1 model of AD.ResultsWe found that AP5 can simultaneously bind to the peripheral and catalytic sites of AChE by molecular docking. …”
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