Newer, Older, and Alternative Agents for the Eradication of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection: A Narrative Review by György Miklós Buzás, Péter Birinyi

“…Instead of innovative antibiotics, derivatives of existing antimicrobials were developed; some new fluoroquinolones and nitazoxanide seem promising in practice, but they are not recommended by the guidelines. …”
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Novel Nitro-Heteroaromatic Antimicrobial Agents for the Control and Eradication of Biofilm-Forming Bacteria by Heidi N. Koenig, Gregory M. Durling, Danica J. Walsh, Tom Livinghouse, Philip S. Stewart

“…The synthesis and biological activity of several novel nitrothiazole, nitrobenzothiazole, and nitrofuran containing antimicrobial agents for the eradication of biofilm-forming Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens is described. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), nitrofurantoin, and furazolidone are commercial antimicrobials which were used as models to show how structural modification improved activity toward planktonic bacteria via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and biofilms via minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays. …”
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Synthetic and Herbal Drugs Registered in Clinical Trials on COVID-19: a Review on Recent Research by Maryam Mehrabi, Soraya Sajadimajd, Masomeh Mehrabi

“…Oseltamivir, remdesivir, ivermectin, casirivimab, imdevimab, sotrovimab, Tocilizumab, sarilumab, dexamethasone, methylprednisolon, paxlovid, fluvoxamine, molnupiravir, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib, favipiravir, molnupiravir, azithromycin, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, and tetracyclines are the most commonly used antiviral and antibiotics to control mild to severe COVID-19 illnesses in the clinic. …”
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Ultrastructural Alterations of the Human Pathogen <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> after Drug Treatment by Marlene Benchimol, Ana Paula Gadelha, Wanderley de Souza

“…Despite their in vitro efficacy, clinical treatment with benzimidazoles has yielded conflicting results, demonstrating lower cure rates. Recently, nitazoxanide has been suggested as an alternative to these drugs. …”
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Novel Treatments against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Based on Drug Repurposing by Álvaro Mourenza, José A. Gil, Luis M. Mateos, Michal Letek

“…Interestingly, the mechanism of action of many of these therapies is linked to the activation of autophagy (e.g., nitazoxanide or imatinib) and other well-known molecular pathways such as apoptosis (e.g., cisplatin and calycopterin). …”
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Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradations of Analgesic, Mucolytic and Anti-Biotic/Viral/Inflammatory Drugs Widely Used in Controlling SARS-CoV-2 by Mahsa Ebrahimi, Omid Akhavan

“…In this work, the use of nanomaterials applicable in photocatalytic degradations of analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen), mucolytics (e.g., ambroxol), antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin and quinolones including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine phosphate), anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone and cortisone acetate), antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine), anthelmintics (e.g., praziquantel), and finally antivirals (e.g., ivermectin, acyclovir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir) which widely used in controlling/treating the coronavirus have been reviewed and discussed.…”
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Past, current, and potential treatments for cryptosporidiosis in humans and farm animals: A comprehensive review by Shahbaz M. Khan, William H. Witola

“…Despite the high prevalence of the parasite, the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment of Cryptosporidium infections is nitazoxanide, which has shown moderate efficacy in immunocompetent patients. …”
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Salvage Therapy for Alveolar Echinococcosis—A Case Series by Sanne Burkert, Lynn Peters, Johannes Bloehdorn, Beate Grüner

“…Five patients received nitazoxanide, of which two showed clear progression but one achieved a lasting stable disease. …”
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Antibiofilm agents with therapeutic potential against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. by David A Kwasi, Chinedum P Babalola, Olujide O Olubiyi, Jennifer Hoffmann, Ikemefuna C Uzochukwu, Iruka N Okeke

“…Hits exhibited potent antibiofilm activity at concentrations at least 10-fold lower than those reported for nitazoxanide, the only known EAEC biofilm inhibitor. …”
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Tizoxanide as a novel theraputic candidate for osteoarthritis by Bowei Ni, Jiyuan Yan, Wenxiang Cai, Yifan Xiao, Chang Tu

“…Tizoxanide (Tiz), the main active metabolite of nitazoxanide, has proved its anti-inflammatory properties in several diseases. …”
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First known case of human bertiellosis in a child in Paraná, Brazil by Nathália Mitsue Kishi, Amanda Parteka de Godoy, Bárbara Luiza Viana Afonso, Cristina Alvarez Mattar, Gabriela Riter Martins de Matos, Lucas Müller Prado, Maria Augusta Kormann, Raphael Ferreira Barbosa, Rodolfo Corrêa de Barros, Andrea Maciel de Oliveira Rossoni

“…The patient was initially treated with an unknown dosage of albendazole and nitazoxanide, as it was believed he had been infected with Taenia sp. …”
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Novel Antimicrobials for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection by Nicola Petrosillo, Guido Granata, Maria Adriana Cataldo

“…We identified, through a PubMed search, 16 novel antimicrobial molecules under study for CDI treatment: cadazolid, surotomycin, ridinilazole, LFF571, ramoplanin, CRS3123, fusidic acid, nitazoxanide, rifampin, rifaximin, tigecycline, auranofin, NVB302, thuricin CD, lacticin 3147, and acyldepsipeptide antimicrobials. …”
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COVID-19 lung lesion treated with pirfenidone and effective rehabilitation: A Case Report by L. Zaldívar Vázquez, J. Meneses Calderón, C. F. Ochoa Morales, H. Mendieta Zerón

“…</p><p class="Standard"> </p><p class="Standard">A male patient of 28 years with COVID-19 was treated with nitazoxanide 500 mg 6 hourly, ibuprofen 500 mg 8 hourly, levofloxacin 500 mg  and vitamin D 4,000 IU 24 hourly, and pirfenidone (K-LP) 1,200 mg 12 hourly. …”
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Anti-Cryptosporidial Drug-Discovery Challenges and Existing Therapeutic Avenues: A “One-Health” Concern by Munwar Ali, Chang Xu, Shah Nawaz, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed, Qazal Hina, Kun Li

“…Oocysts contaminate the environment, and also, being a zoonotic disease, cryptosporidiosis is a threat to One Health. Nitazoxanide is the only FDA-approved drug, effective only in immunocompetent adults, and is not safe for infants. …”
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Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Coconut Oil Extracts as An Alternative Medicinal Plant in Cryptosporidium Infected Mice by Heba M El Naggar, Basant O Mohammed, Tarek Aboushousha, Hagar F Abdelmaksoud

“…The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the coconut oil extracts as an alternative medicinal plant in Cryptosporidium infected immunocompromised mice.Methods:Sixty white albino mice were classified into six groups; Group I: Infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts treated with Nitazoxanide, Group II: Infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts and treated with coconut water extract, Group III: Infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts and treated with coconut Hexan extract, Group IV: Infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts and treated with coconut ethanol extract, Group V: Positive control, Group VI: Negative control. …”
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Use of nanoparticles, a modern means of drug delivery, against cryptosporidiosis by Faleh A. AlFaleh, Shameeran Salman Ismael, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, Fernando Edgar Martínez Silva, Tayyaba Ashraf, Rao Zahid Abbas, Warda Qamar

“…Different drugs are used to control the parasites. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), which is an anti-protozoan and anti-viral drug, can be used to control helminths, viruses, and protozoan parasites as a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has been approved by the food and drug authority (FDA). …”
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Newly fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded materials for therapeutic nano delivery in experimental cryptosporidiosis by Doaa A. Hamdy, Mousa A. M. Ismail, Hala M. El-Askary, Heba Abdel-Tawab, Marwa M. Ahmed, Fatma M. Fouad, Fatma Mohamed

“…This study targets to fabricate and investigate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), nitazoxanide (NTZ)-loaded ZnO-NPs, and Allium sativum (A. sativum)-loaded ZnO-NPs in treating cryptosporidiosis. …”
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COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment by M. Yu. Shchelkanov, L. V. Kolobukhina, O. A. Burgasova, I. S. Kruzhkova, V. V. Maleev

“…This review provides an insight into the historic timeline of discovering this virus, its current taxonomy, ecology, virion morphology, life cycle, molecular biology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of the etiologically related COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) as well as data available in the scientific literature on the anti-SARS-CoV-2-effectiveness of passive immunotherapy and most debated drugs used to treat COVID-19: Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Camostat mesilate, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, corticosteroids, and type I interferons. …”
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Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia): a possible therapeutic candidate against Blastocystis sp. by Sonal Girish, Suresh Kumar, Norhaniza Aminudin

“…These isolates were also exposed to allopathic drugs, Metronidazole (MTZ), Tinidazole, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX), Ketoconazole and Nitazoxanide for comparison purpose. Methods Blastocystis sp. isolates from human-derived stool samples were exposed to herbal extracts and allopathic drugs at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml and were incubated at 37 °C. …”
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Human Cryptosporidiosis: An insight into Epidemiology, Modern Diagnostic Tools and Recent Drug Discoveries by Arsalan Zafar, Muhammad Kasib Khan, Zaheer Abbas, Rao Zahid Abbas, Zia ud Din Sindhu, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Shafi Hasni, Hasnain Javed, Muhammad Nadeem, Hammad Ur Rehman Bajwa, Muhammad Adnan Sabir Mughal, Fatima Yasin

“…Furthermore, no antiparasitic drug has found to be effective against Cryptosporidium spp. except Nitazoxanide which is FDA-approved and effective only when administered along with antiretroviral therapy. …”
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