Effects of tofacitinib therapy on arginine and methionine metabolites in association with vascular pathophysiology in rheumatoid arthritis: A metabolomic approach by Boglárka Soós, Attila Hamar, Anita Pusztai, Monika Czókolyová, Edit Végh, Szilvia Szamosi, Zsófia Pethő, Katalin Gulyás, György Kerekes, Sándor Szántó, Sándor Szántó, Gabriella Szűcs, Uwe Christians, Jelena Klawitter, Tamás Seres, Zoltán Szekanecz

“…We also determined plasma L-arginine, L-citrulline, L-ornithine, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-N-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA), cysteine, homocysteine, and methionine levels at these time points.ResultsTwenty-six patients (13 on each arm) completed the study. …”
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Activation of LXRα attenuates 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) induced placental dysfunction by Yue Zhang, Jie Liang, Hao Gu, Ting Du, Pengfei Xu, Ting Yu, Qing He, Zhenyao Huang, Saifei Lei, Jing Li

“…Further study indicated EHDPP decreased LXRα expression and transcriptional activity leading to mRNA, protein expression levels downregulation of viability, migration, angiogenesis-related genes Forkhead box M1 (Foxm1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNos), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-a) and upregulation of inflammatory genes interleukin-6 (Il-6), interleukin-1β (Il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) in vitro and in vivo. …”
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Flexibilide Obtained from Cultured Soft Coral Has Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Analgesic Effects through the Upregulation of Spinal Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Neuropathic Rats... by Nan-Fu Chen, Shi-Ying Huang, Ching-Hsiang Lu, Chun-Lin Chen, Chien-Wei Feng, Chun-Hong Chen, Han-Chun Hung, Yen-You Lin, Ping-Jyun Sung, Chun-Sung Sung, San-Nan Yang, Hui-Min David Wang, Yu-Chia Chang, Jyh-Horng Sheu, Wu-Fu Chen, Zhi-Hong Wen

“…Third, i.t. flexibilide significantly inhibited CCI-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes, as well as the upregulated proinflammatory enzyme, inducible nitric oxide synthase, in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn. …”
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A Novel Bivalent Mannosylated Targeting Ligand Displayed on Nanoparticles Selectively Targets Anti-Inflammatory M2 Macrophages by Peiming Chen, Xiaoping Zhang, Alessandro Venosa, In Heon Lee, Daniel Myers, Jennifer A. Holloway, Robert K. Prud’homme, Dayuan Gao, Zoltan Szekely, Jeffery D. Laskin, Debra L. Laskin, Patrick J. Sinko

“…Expression of the M1 marker, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the M2 markers arginase (Arg)-1 and MR (at both the mRNA and protein levels) confirmed MP phenotypic activation. …”
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Characterization of the L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and Oxidative Stress in Pediatric Patients with Atopic Diseases by Beatrice Hanusch, Kathrin Sinningen, Folke Brinkmann, Stefanie Dillenhöfer, Mirjam Frank, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Cordula Koerner-Rettberg, Martin Holtmann, Tanja Legenbauer, Christian Langrock, Thomas Reinehr, Patricia Maasjosthusmann, Bibiana Beckmann, Eckard Hamelmann, Dimitrios Tsikas, Thomas Lücke

“…Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms convert Arg to nitric oxide (NO), a potent vaso- and bronchodilator with multiple biological functions. …”
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Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Immunomodulatory Effects of Recombinant Lipoprotein GUDIV-103 Isolated from <i>Ureaplasma diversum</i> by Manoel Neres Santos-Junior, Wanderson Souza Neves, Ronaldo Silva Santos, Palloma Porto Almeida, Janaina Marinho Fernandes, Bruna Carolina de Brito Guimarães, Maysa Santos Barbosa, Lucas Santana Coelho da Silva, Camila Pacheco Gomes, Beatriz Almeida Sampaio, Izadora de Souza Rezende, Thiago Macedo Lopes Correia, Nayara Silva de Macedo Neres, Guilherme Barreto Campos, Bruno Lopes Bastos, Jorge Timenetsky, Lucas Miranda Marques

“…Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of interleukin-1β, toll-like receptor (TLR)-α, <i>TLR2</i><i>, TLR4,</i> inducible nitric oxide synthase, and caspase-3–encoding genes increased more in rGUDIV-103–treated PBMCs than in untreated cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). …”
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Maggot extracts chemo-prevent inflammation and tumorigenesis accompanied by changes in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in AOM/DSS-induced mice by Xun Tang, Xun Tang, Lei Wang, Daojuan Wang, Yi Zhang, Tingyu Wang, Zhengquan Zhu, Yajing Weng, Gaojian Tao, Qin Wang, Li Tang, Feng Yan, Yong Wang, Yong Wang

“…Moreover, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediated intracellular nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-containing signaling cascades, including inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and exhibited decreasing expression in the mice model after ME pre-administration. 16s rRNA analysis and untargeted-metabolomics profiling of fecal samples inferred that ME revealed ideal prevention of intestinal dysbiosis in CAC mice, accompanied by and correlated with alterations in the composition of metabolites. …”
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Nephroprotective effects of Acacia senegal against aflatoxicosis via targeting inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways by Obeid Shanab, Samir M. El-Rayes, Waleed F. Khalil, Noha Ahmed, Afaf Abdelkader, Nashwa H. Aborayah, Ahmed M. Atwa, Faten I. Mohammed, Hend E. Nasr, Samah F. Ibrahim, Amr M. Khattab, Mohammed Alsieni, Ali Behairy, Liana Fericean, Lina A. Mohammed, Ahmed Abdeen

“…Additionally, AFB1 exposure evoked up-regulation of mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kB p65 (NF-κB/P65) in renal tissue. …”
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Anthocyanins Protect Hepatocytes against CCl₄-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory mediators, Polyamine Catabolism, Lipocalin-2, and Excessi... by Dejan Popović, Gordana Kocić, Vuka Katić, Aleksandra Zarubica, Ljubinka Janković Veličković, Vanja P. Ničković, Andrija Jović, Andrej Veljković, Vladimir Petrović, Violeta Rakić, Zorica Jović, Nataša Poklar Ulrih, Danka Sokolović, Marko Stojanović, Marko Stanković, Goran Radenković, Gordana R. Nikolić, Аzra Lukač, Aleksandar Milosavljević, Dušan Sokolović

“…The preventive treatment of the bilberry extract (200 mg anthocyanins/kg, orally, 7 days) prior to the exposure to the CCl₄ resulted in an evident decrease in markers of liver damage (glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase), and reduced pro-oxidative (conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced oxidation protein products, NADPH oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione), and pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, nitrite, myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, CD68, lipocalin-2), and also caused a significant decrease in the dissipation of the liver antioxidative defence capacities (reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and quinone reductase) in comparison to the results detected in the animals treated with CCl₄ exclusively. …”
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Long-term administration of Western diet induced metabolic syndrome in mice and causes cardiac microvascular dysfunction, cardiomyocyte mitochondrial damage, and cardiac remodeling... by I.-Fan Liu, Tzu-Chieh Lin, Shu-Chi Wang, Chia-Hung Yen, Chia-Yang Li, Hsuan-Fu Kuo, Chong-Chao Hsieh, Chia-Yuan Chang, Chuang-Rung Chang, Yung-Hsiang Chen, Yu-Ru Liu, Tsung-Ying Lee, Chi-Yuan Huang, Chih-Hsin Hsu, Shing-Jong Lin, Po-Len Liu

“…CAV-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and interaction were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunostaining. …”
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase contributes to the regulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by Robert S. Lee-Young, Nolan J. Hoffman, Kate T. Murphy, Darren C. Henstridge, Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Andrew L. Siebel, Peter Iliades, Borivoj Zivanovic, Yet H. Hong, Timothy D. Colgan, Michael J. Kraakman, Clinton R. Bruce, Paul Gregorevic, Glenn K. McConell, Gordon S. Lynch, Grant R. Drummond, Bronwyn A. Kingwell, Jerry R. Greenfield, Mark A. Febbraio

“…We observed an inverse association between G6PDH activity and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and show that increasing NOS activity via the skeletal muscle specific neuronal (n)NOSμ partially suppresses G6PDH activity in skeletal muscle cells. …”
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Processed Panax ginseng, sun ginseng, inhibits the differentiation and proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans by Hyejin Lee, Jinhee Kim, Jun Yeon Park, Ki Sung Kang, Joeng Hill Park, Gwi Seo Hwang

“…Intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels were markedly decreased by MDI stimulation and recovered by SG treatment of adipocytes. …”
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Resveratrol alleviates the interleukin-1β-induced chondrocytes injury through the NF-κB signaling pathway by Hong Yi, Wei Zhang, Zhi-Ming Cui, Sheng-Yu Cui, Jian-Bo Fan, Xin-Hui Zhu, Wei Liu

“…On the other hand, RSV inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, MMP-13, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) expression (P < 0.05), while increased collagen-II and aggrecan levels (P < 0.05). …”
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Prenatal stress induces a depressive-like phenotype in adolescent rats: The key role of TGF-β1 pathway by Annamaria Fidilio, Margherita Grasso, Giuseppe Caruso, Giuseppe Caruso, Nicolò Musso, Nicolò Musso, Veronica Begni, Anna Privitera, Anna Privitera, Sebastiano Alfio Torrisi, Patrizia Campolongo, Patrizia Campolongo, Stefania Schiavone, Fabio Tascedda, Gian Marco Leggio, Filippo Drago, Marco Andrea Riva, Marco Andrea Riva, Filippo Caraci, Filippo Caraci

“…Furthermore, PNS induced the activation of oxidative stress pathways by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and NOX2 levels in the hippocampus of both male and female PNS adolescent rats. …”
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Effects of supplemental fulvic acid on survival, growth performance, digestive ability and immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae by Chenxiang Zhang, Yongtao Liu, Chuanwei Yao, Jianmin Zhang, Yuntao Wang, Jiahui Liu, Yucong Hong, Kangsen Mai, Kangsen Mai, Qinghui Ai, Qinghui Ai

“…Larvae fed the diet with 0.01% FA significantly increased activities of lysozyme and total nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, the supplementation of 0.01% to 0.02% FA significantly decreased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α and il-6). …”
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Salubrinal Ameliorates Inflammation and Neovascularization via the Caspase 3/Enos Signaling in an Alkaline-Induced Rat Corneal Neovascularization Model by Gokhan Ozge, Umut Karaca, Mehtap Savran, Gulsah Usta, Kanat Gulle, Murat Sevimli, Fatma Nihan Cankara, Halil Asci

“…Three qualitative agents from three different pathways were chosen: TNFR for inflammation, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated vascular permeability, and caspase-3 for cellular apoptosis. …”
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IFN-γ-mediated control of SARS-CoV-2 infection through nitric oxide by Bruno J. de Andrade Silva, Paul A. Krogstad, Paul A. Krogstad, Rosane M. B. Teles, Priscila R. Andrade, Jacob Rajfer, Monica G. Ferrini, Monica G. Ferrini, Otto O. Yang, Otto O. Yang, Barry R. Bloom, Robert L. Modlin, Robert L. Modlin

“…Pharmacological inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was employed to assess the dependency on NO production. …”
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Neuroprotective Effects of Erinacine A on an Experimental Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy by Chiao-Ling Hsu, Yao-Tseng Wen, Tzu-Chao Hsu, Chin-Chu Chen, Li-Ya Lee, Wan-Ping Chen, Rong-Kung Tsai

“…The protein levels of phosphor-receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase1 (pRIP1), caspase 8 (Cas8), cleaved caspase 3 (cCas3), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, tumour necrosis factor receptor1 (TNFR1), interleukin (IL)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were evaluated by Western blotting. …”
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Studies in the mouse model identify strain variability as a major determinant of disease outcome in Leishmania infantum infection by Filipe Marques, Sílvia Vale-Costa, Tânia Cruz, Joana Moreira Marques, Tânia Silva, João Vilares Neves, Sofia Cortes, Ana Fernandes, Eduardo Rocha, Rui Appelberg, Pedro Rodrigues, Ana M. Tomás, Maria Salomé Gomes

“…Results We found that the three parasite strains significantly differed regarding the degree to which they induced nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and arginase expression in infected macrophages and the pattern of cytokine production they induced in the host, resulting in different degrees of inflammatory response in infected livers. …”
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Altered Left Ventricular Rat Gene Expression Induced by the Myosin Activator Omecamtiv Mecarbil by Bachar El Oumeiri, Laurence Dewachter, Philippe Van de Borne, Géraldine Hubesch, Christian Melot, Pascale Jespers, Constantin Stefanidis, Kathleen Mc Entee, Frédéric Vanden Eynden

“…The Kalikrein-bradykinin system was upregulated with increased LV expression of kallikrein-related peptidases <i>Klk8</i>, <i>Klk1c2</i>, and <i>Klk1c12</i> and bradykinin receptors B1 and B2 (<i>Bdkrb1</i> and <i>Bdkrb2</i>), whereas the LV expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (<i>Nos2</i>) increased. LV expression in major molecular determinants involved in calcium-dependent myocardial contraction remained unchanged, except for an increased LV expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (<i>Cacna1c</i>) in response to OM. …”
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