Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bilberry (<i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> L.) by Anshul Sharma, Hae-Jeung Lee

“…Data from cell and animal model studies show that bilberry has an anti-inflammatory effect by lowering tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β expression, inducing nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenases, and altering the nuclear factor kappa B and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. …”
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Enhancement of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability by Modulation of Cutaneous Nitric Oxide Stores by Christoph V. Suschek, Dennis Feibel, Maria von Kohout, Christian Opländer

“…Physiologically, a family of enzymes termed nitric oxide synthases (NOS) generates NO. In addition, there are many methods of non-enzymatic/NOS-independent NO generation, e.g., the reduction of NO derivates (NODs) such as nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosylated proteins under certain conditions. …”
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Effects of Luteolin on Liver, Kidney and Brain in Pentylentetrazol-Induced Seizures: Involvement of Metalloproteinases and NOS Activities by Samet Acar, Ayşegül Kapucu, Kadriye Akgün Dar, Hüsniye Birman, Gülay Üzüm

“…This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the LUT in the liver, kidney and brain of pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure and the relationship between nitric oxide synthases (iNOS, eNOS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9). …”
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The Role of L-Arginine-NO System in Female Reproduction: A Narrative Review by Jozsef Bodis, Balint Farkas, Bernadett Nagy, Kalman Kovacs, Endre Sulyok

“…The major aspects of cellular l-arginine uptake via cationic amino acid transporters (CATs), arginine catabolism by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) to NO and l-citrulline and by arginase to ornithine, and polyamines are presented. …”
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis by Matthew Batty, Martin R. Bennett, Emma Yu

“…Major enzymatic sources of vascular ROS include NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthases and mitochondrial electron transport chains. …”
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Modulations of Cardiac Functions and Pathogenesis by Reactive Oxygen Species and Natural Antioxidants by Sun-Hee Woo, Joon-Chul Kim, Nipa Eslenur, Tran Nguyet Trinh, Long Nguyen Hoàng Do

“…Cardiac myocytes possess several ROS-producing pathways, such as mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases, and nitric oxide synthases, and have endogenous antioxidation mechanisms. …”
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Assessment of DDAH1 and DDAH2 Contributions to Psychiatric Disorders via In Silico Methods by Alena A. Kozlova, Anastasia N. Vaganova, Roman N. Rodionov, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Nadine Bernhardt

“…The contribution of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) to the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders is recognized, but the role of their regulators, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs), is less understood. …”
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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Redox Homeostasis and Embryogenesis by Po-Hsiang Chen, Wen-Ye Tjong, Hung-Chi Yang, Hui-Ya Liu, Arnold Stern, Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu

“…NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). …”
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Blood Vessels as a Key Mediator for Ethanol Toxicity: Implication for Neuronal Damage by Kei Nakayama, Hiroshi Hasegawa

“…Endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) are upregulated and activated by ethanol and enhance neuroinflammation. …”
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The influence of brain death on liver function. by Olinga, P, van der Hoeven, J, Merema, M, Freund, R, Ploeg, R, Groothuis, G

“…The activation of non-parenchymal cells was studied by measuring mRNA levels of IL-10, cytokine production (IL-10 and IL-1 beta) and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) upregulation (mRNA) and protein level. …”

Micro RNAs in Regulation of Cellular Redox Homeostasis by Sylwia Ciesielska, Izabella Slezak-Prochazka, Patryk Bil, Joanna Rzeszowska-Wolny

“…These systems contain both enzymes which may produce ROS such as NADPH-dependent and other oxidases or nitric oxide synthases, and ROS-neutralizing enzymes such as catalase, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, thioredoxin reductases, glutathione reductases, and many others. …”
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Nitrate and Nitrite Metabolism in Aging Rats: A Comparative Study by Barbora Piknova, Ji Won Park, Samantha M. Thomas, Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer, Alan N. Schechter

“…Local oxygen availability determines the origin of NO—either by synthesis by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite to NO by nitrate/nitrite reductases. …”
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Grape seed meal by-product is able to counteract oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulphate in IPEC cells and piglets after weaning. by Gina Cecilia Pistol, Daniela Eliza Marin, Valeria Cristina Bulgaru, Andrei Cristian Anghel, Mihaela Sărăcilă, Mihaela Vlassa, Miuta Filip, Ionelia Taranu

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-oxidant markers (malondialdehyde MDA, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS, protein carbonyl, DNA oxidative damage) antioxidant enzymes (catalase -CAT, superoxide dismutase -SOD, glutathione peroxidase -GPx, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases -eNOS and iNOS) and several important components of Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway were analysed in IPEC-1 cells as well as in piglet's colon and lymph nodes. …”
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GC–MS and GC–MS/MS measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) in clinical studies: Pre-analytical and clinical considerations by Dimitrios Tsikas

“…L-Arginine (Arg) is the substrate of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which convert L-arginine to nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline. …”
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Grape seed meal by-product is able to counteract oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulphate in IPEC cells and piglets after weaning by Gina Cecilia Pistol, Daniela Eliza Marin, Valeria Cristina Bulgaru, Andrei Cristian Anghel, Mihaela Sărăcilă, Mihaela Vlassa, Miuta Filip, Ionelia Taranu

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-oxidant markers (malondialdehyde MDA, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS, protein carbonyl, DNA oxidative damage) antioxidant enzymes (catalase -CAT, superoxide dismutase -SOD, glutathione peroxidase -GPx, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases -eNOS and iNOS) and several important components of Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway were analysed in IPEC-1 cells as well as in piglet’s colon and lymph nodes. …”
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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes-Related Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Oliver Ian Brown, Katherine Isabella Bridge, Mark Thomas Kearney

“…Excess ROS generation is catalysed by xanthine oxidase, uncoupled nitric oxide synthases, the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. …”
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Bardoxolone Methyl Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway by Anwu Huang, Zhaolin Wang, Hua Tang, Zhuyin Jia, Xiaojun Ji, Xuehua Yang, Wenbing Jiang

“…Oxidative stress was measured through malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase, and inducible nitric oxide synthases. The alteration of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was confirmed via western blot, immunochemistry, and PCR analysis. …”
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S-nitrosothiol (SNO) signals in the enteric nervous system: lessons learnt from big brother. by Tor eSavidge

“…Nitric oxide (NO) is a functionally important neurotransmitter signaling molecule generated by mammalian and bacterial nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and by chemical conversion of dietary nitrite in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. …”
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Sub-cellular targeting of constitutive NOS in health and disease by Zhang, Y, Casadei, B

“…Constitutive nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are ubiquitous enzymes that play a pivotal role in the regulation of myocardial function in health and disease. …”

Acute Colon Inflammation Triggers Primary Motor Cortex Glial Activation, Neuroinflammation, Neuronal Hyperexcitability, and Motor Coordination Deficits by Livia Carrascal, María D. Vázquez-Carretero, Pablo García-Miranda, Ángela Fontán-Lozano, María L. Calonge, Anunciación A. Ilundáin, Carmen Castro, Pedro Nunez-Abades, María J. Peral

“…We show that the primary motor cortex of rats with acute colon inflammation exhibited microglial and astrocyte activation and increased mRNA abundance of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and both inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthases. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in resting membrane potential and rheobase and increased input resistance and action potential frequency, indicating motor neuron hyperexcitability. …”
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